关节镜下克氏针联合界面螺钉固定治疗Schatzker Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的 研究关节镜辅助下经皮克氏针联合界面螺钉固定治疗Schatzker Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折的可行性和疗效分析。方法 自2008年5月至2018年1月,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第910医院骨科采用克氏针联合界面螺钉固定治疗Schatzker Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折20例。所有病例均采用关节镜辅助,结合骨折微创复位技术进行复位,采用多根克氏针联合界面螺钉固定并结合异体骨植骨。手术后采用HSS评分标准对膝关节功能进行评估。结果 本组20例患者均获随访,术后随访2 ～ 10年,平均（6.7±2.2）年。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,骨折均达骨性愈合,愈合时间为2.5 ～ 6个月,平均3.1个月,膝关节活动度为0° ～ 130°。末次随访时膝关节功能HSS评分： 优18例,良1例,可1例,优良率95.0%。所有患者均未出现下肢深静脉血栓、切口感染、膝关节僵硬。结论 关节镜辅助下经皮克氏针联合界面螺钉固定治疗Schatzker Ⅲ型骨折具有直视下精确复位、损伤小、愈合快,可一期处理关节腔内其他损伤,有利于功能快速康复,并发症少等优点。     

膝前外侧韧带的全球研究现状及趋势:文献计量学及可视化技术分析

目的 调查膝关节前外侧韧带(ALL)的全球研究现状及趋势,比较不同地区、组织和作者的研究贡献,为ALL的基础及临床研究作统计参考。方法 通过Web of Science数据库检索自建库以来关于膝关节ALL研究的文献,对来源数据使用Excel进行统计绘图,采用VOS-viewer软件将文献数据进行耦合可视化,分析膝关节ALL的研究现状及发展趋势。结果 共纳入1 125篇文献,美国是发表ALL相关文献数量最多的国家(429篇,占38.1%),中国位列第2(103篇,占9.2%)、德国位列第3(92篇,占8.2%)。发文量最多的机构是宾夕法尼亚州联邦高等教育系统,总计达44篇。Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy、 American Journal of Sports Medicine、 Arthroscopy、The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery是相关发文量最大的前三家期刊。Robert F LaPrade、Bertrand Sonnery-cottet和Camilo Partezani Helito是相关领域发文量前3名的作者。耦合分析显示美国、英国、法国在ALL研究领域合作范围最广,施德曼·菲利普斯研究所、匹兹堡大学是合作能力最强的机构。结论 全球趋势分析提示,ALL研究逐步深入,发文量不断增加。基于文献计量学分析,可了解膝关节ALL研究领域的现状及趋势,量化的数据指标可为国内学者的临床实践和学术研究提供一定的理论指导。     

股骨头坏死动物模型评价方法的优缺点及展望

背景:股骨头坏死发病机制仍需要进一步研究,因此需要建立一个能够高度模拟人类股骨头坏死的动物模型,而如何正确评价股骨头坏死动物模型,是建立股骨头坏死动物模型的前提条件。目的:归纳总结近几年国内外对股骨头坏死动物模型的评价方法,综述各评价方法的优缺点,并探索新的评价方法,为动物模型的建立提供参考。方法:以“股骨头坏死,动物模型,评价方法”为检索词检索CNKI中国知网、万方、维普数据库,以“osteonecrosis of femoral head,femoral head necrosis,animal model,evaluation methods”为检索词检索PubMed、Web of Science及Medline数据库,检索2010年1月至2020年9月发表关于股骨头坏死动物模型评价方法的文献。结果与结论:①根据纳入标准通过阅读文献进行初步筛选,共获得51篇文章进行综述,其中中文文献33篇,英文文献18篇;②近年来,随着影像技术的发展和新技术的引入,股骨头坏死动物模型评估方法的选择增多,而选择合理的评价方式能减少建立动物模型过程中的工作量,并为后续研究提供参考,因此需要继续完善和改进。     

心理治疗对创伤骨折患者心理状况的效果研究

目的 探讨心理治疗对创伤骨折患者心理状态的影响,以便为骨折患者心理干预治疗提供科学依据.方法 将符合条件的创伤骨折患者分为干预组和非干预组.非干预组行常规治疗,干预组在常规治疗的基础上进行心理治疗,应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活质量评定问卷(SF-36)对两组患者在心理治疗前后进行测查.结果 与常模比较创伤骨折患者的SAS、SDS的总分高于常模(t=4.88,3.57;P＜0.01);心理治疗后,干预组SAS、SDS总分低于非干预组(t＝ 2.54,P＜0.05;t=2.65,P＜0.01);SF-36除生理机能外各因子分高于非干预组(P＜0.05).结论 创伤骨折患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,心理治疗可以明显的改善患者的心理健康状况及其生活质量.     

Occurrence of Vertical Root Fractures after Apical Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis

IntroductionVertical root fractures (VRFs) are among the most frequent causes of tooth loss, mainly of endodontically treated teeth. However, very few data is available about the occurrence of VRFs following apical surgery.MethodsPatient charts from 864 patients with 1058 teeth treated with apical surgery (September 1999 to December 2018) were retrospectively evaluated, if a VRF had occurred after surgery. The following, possibly influencing factors were analyzed: sex and age, type of treated tooth, primary versus resurgery, technique of root-end preparation, and timepoint of VRF diagnosis. Endpoints were either tooth extraction or the last follow-up.ResultsThe study cohort (55% women, 45% men) had a mean age of 52.00 ± 13.97 years (range 9–93 years). The overall rate of VRFs after apical surgery was 4% (42 of 1058 teeth). Among these 42 teeth, 33.3% were mandibular first molars and 26.2% were maxillary second premolars. The most frequently affected root was the mesial root of mandibular first molars (28.6%). With regard to the study parameters, significant differences of VRF rates were observed only for the type of tooth treated.ConclusionsA low VRF rate of 4% was observed in this study. VRFs commonly occurred in maxillary premolars and mandibular molars, with the mesial root of mandibular first molars affected most frequently. This is in line with previous reports about VRFs in endodontically treated teeth without additional apical surgery.     

Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures by Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Root-filled Teeth with Confirmation by Direct Visualization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IntroductionThe purpose of this review was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging in detecting vertical root fractures (VRFs) in root-filled teeth compared with a reference standard (direct visualization).MethodsElectronic searches were performed in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and gray literature for English language articles until June 2020. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies using CBCT imaging to diagnose VRFs in root-filled teeth were included. Case reports and in vitro studies were excluded. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability concerns. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.1 software (StataCorp, College Station, TX) via the MIDAS v.3.0 package and METANDI module. Publication bias was evaluated using Deeks’ funnel plot analysis. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) was performed to evaluate the certainty of evidence. This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/7JKE2).ResultsEight articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Risk of bias assessment showed that 5 articles in the patient selection domain had low risk of bias with low applicability concern. In the index test and reference standard domains, 7 articles had moderate risk of bias with moderate applicability concern. Three articles had high RB in the flow and timing domain. There was no publication bias. CBCT imaging had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.88) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.91), respectively, and an accuracy of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.89). CBCT imaging also had pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios of 4 and 0.2, respectively. In GRADE analysis, the quality of evidence was low for sensitivity and moderate for specificity when CBCT imaging was used for the diagnosis of VRF.ConclusionsThe overall quality assessment of the included articles showed that in the patient selection domain, the risk of bias was low, and it was moderate in the index test and reference standard domains. Evidence from this systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that CBCT imaging is still not a good tool for diagnosing VRFs in root-filled teeth compared with direct visualization.     

Influence of Minimally Invasive Access Cavity Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Subjected to Thermocycling and Dynamic Loading

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated and restored permanent mandibular molars with minimally invasive access cavities subjected to thermocycling and dynamic loading.MethodsForty first and second mandibular molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10/group) as follows: group 1, control (intact teeth); group 2, traditional access cavity (TradAC); group 3, conservative access cavity (ConsAC); and group 4, truss access cavity (TrecAC). After endodontic treatment, teeth were restored with SDR core (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) and subjected to thermocycling followed by dynamic and static loading with a multiaxial fatigue testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA). The maximum load to fracture and pattern of failure (restorable/unrestorable) were recorded. Data were evaluated with analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons.ResultsFracture resistance of the samples in the control group were higher than those in the experimental groups (P < .005). TradAC exhibited the least resistance to fracture (P < .005). There was no statistically significant difference in the fracture resistance of ConsAC and TrecAC (P = .361) Unrestorable fractures were more frequent in the TradAC group compared with all other groups.ConclusionsMandibular molars with ConsAC and TrecAC exhibited superior fracture resistance compared with TradAC. TradAC had the highest number of unrestorable fractures.     

Treatment Outcomes of Permanent Immature Teeth with Crown Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study

IntroductionCrown fractures are a common type of traumatic dental injury. Various factors may affect the outcome of crown fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of immature teeth with a crown fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who presented to a dental trauma center from 2008–2018 with a history of a crown fracture of immature teeth and at least 6 months of follow-up. Outcomes of primary endodontic or restorative interventions as well as reinterventions were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the unadjusted differences in survival time. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors for complication and survival time, respectively.ResultsThe success rates of the primary interventions for 99 teeth (72 patients) after a median follow-up of 22 months were as follows: cervical pulpotomy (90.4%), partial pulpotomy (85.2%), mineral trioxide aggregate apical barrier (80.0%), root canal treatment (66.6%), and only restoration (47.2%). Teeth that received vital pulp therapy were less prone to complications (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.53; P < .05), whereas those with concomitant luxation injuries were more susceptible to complications (adjusted odds ratio = 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–8.29; P < .05).ConclusionsCrown fractures had a relatively high favorable prognosis. Vital pulp therapy (partial or cervical pulpotomy) had the highest success rate, whereas cases that received only restoration had the lowest success rate. Teeth with concomitant luxation injuries had more odds and hazards of complications.     

Influence of Cavity Designs on Fracture Behavior of a Mandibular First Premolar with a Severely Curved h-shaped Canal

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the fracture behavior of a mandibular first premolar with a severely curved h-shaped canal using the extended finite element method.MethodsFollowing the micro–computed tomographic data, models of the intact tooth, the conservative endodontic cavity (CEC), the modified conservative endodontic cavity (MCEC), and the traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) were created. All models were subjected with a total load of 600 N perpendicularly to the contact areas. The distributions of maximum principal stress were recorded. The evolution of cracks in the enamel and dentin was simulated with the extended finite element method.ResultsThe intact tooth showed the highest crack initiation load and the smallest stress concentration area. The CEC and MCEC showed higher crack initiation loads and smaller stress concentration areas compared with the TEC. On the occlusal surface, tensile stress was centralized around the distal fossa and the distal margins of cavities. In the root, the stress was concentrated at the mesiolingual side for all models and at the internal surface on the bifurcation section for the CEC. Cracks originated at buccal side of the distal fossa and microcracks were formed confined to the enamel, and then cracks occurred in the dentin below the bone level.ConclusionsFor the mandibular first premolar with a severely curved h-shaped canal, the MCEC preserved the fracture resistance equally as well as the CEC and reduced the stress concentration on the bifurcation section. The fracture initiated in the enamel, forming microcracks on the buccal side of the distal fossa and then occurred as an irreparable fracture in the dentin.     

Effect of chamfer design on load capacity of reattached incisors

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of different chamfer preparations on the load capacity of reattached fractured incisors under lingual loading.MethodsEighty #8 typodonts were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20 each). They were sectioned to simulate crown fracture, and reattached with a self-etch adhesive and a resin composite. The preparation for each group was: (1) no chamfer; (2) buccal chamfer; (3) lingual chamfer; and (4) circumferential chamfer. Forty-eight human lower incisors were grouped and prepared similarly (n = 12 each). These teeth were tested for their load capacity under a lingual load on a universal testing machine. Finite element models were used to examine the stresses on the reattached surfaces to help interpret the experimental results.ResultsThe buccal chamfer did not increase the load capacity when compared with the no-chamfer group. Lingual and circumferential chamfers respectively increased the fracture load by 36.9% and 32.3% in typodonts, and 78.5% and 33.3% in human incisors. The increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A higher fracture load tended to be accompanied by a larger area of deflected cohesive fracture. Finite element analysis showed that lingual and circumferential chamfers reduced the fracture-causing tensile stress at the lingual margin of the reattachment interface by approximately 70% and 60%, respectively, in human upper incisors.SignificanceIt was the joint design, and not the size of the bond area, that affected the load capacity of reattached incisors. Among the preparations considered, only those with a lingual chamfer could increase the load capacity of reattached incisors under a lingual load.