正天丸中钩藤的薄层色谱鉴别方法改进

目的：对正天丸原质量标准中钩藤的薄层色谱鉴别项下的供试液制备及层析条件进行改进，使检验结果更易判断。方法：对原标准中钩藤的薄层色谱鉴别项下的提取方法和层析及显色条件进行改进。经过酸碱交替提取，很大程度上排除了中性及酸性成分的干扰，展开剂改用碱性，使钩藤中的生物碱容易游离出来，选用生物碱显色剂碘化铋钾，使鉴定效果更加灵敏、稳定，阴性对照无干扰，斑点更清晰易分开。结果：操作简便，色谱斑点清晰、无干扰。结论：改进法更有利于检验结果的判定。     

Application of radioligand-receptor binding assays in the search for the active principles of the traditional Chinese medicine ‘Gouteng’

Uncaria rhynchophylla and related species (i.e. Gouteng of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China) have antihypertensive, sedative and anticonvulsant activities. A methanol extract of ‘Gouteng’ (U. rhynchopylla) hooks and stems was assessed for its ability to inhibit the binding of radioligands to 13 different receptors in this study. The extract inhibited ligand-receptor binding by more than 60% to α₂-adrenoceptors, dopamine 1, 5-HT1A, opiate, GABA_A and GABA_B receptors. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of ursolic acid (muscarinic and sulphonylureas activities), husutine (α₂- and β-adrenoceptor, 5-HT1A and 2, opiate and sulphonylureas activities) and epiallocorynanthine (β-adrenoceptor, 5-HT1A and 2, and opiate receptor activities). These findings are discussed in relation to the reported pharmacological properties, clinical uses and differing alkaloid profiles of those Uncaria species which constitute ‘Gouteng’ of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正交实验法优选天麻钩藤饮的提取工艺

目的：优选天麻钩藤饮的提取工艺。方法：以天麻素含量为指标，采用正交设计，利用高效液相色谱法来考察煎煮时间、加水倍数、煎煮次数对天麻素提取效果的影响。结果：煎煮时间和煎煮次数对检测指标均有显著影响，加水倍数为不显著因素。结论：以10倍量的水煎煮3次，每次45min为最佳提取工艺。     

Antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Phytochemical study on the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa resulted in the isolation of fourteen compounds including a new acylphloroglucinol, named tomentosone C (1), and a new flavonol glycoside, namely myricetin-3,7,3′-trimethyl ether-5′-O-β-glucopyranoside (2). Their structures were characterized by spectral data interpretation for new structures and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antimicrobial activity evaluation revealed that 1 and the known acylphloroglucinol rhodomyrtone (3) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with MIC 3.66 and 1.83 μg ml^?1, respectively, toward Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed with the n-hexane and EtOAc-soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of R. tomentosa leaves.     

碳纤维微电极实时在线研究钩藤对小鼠脑内5-羟色胺的影响

目的 建立碳纤维微电极实时在线测定小鼠脑内海马区5-羟色胺含量的方法.方法 制备火焰刻蚀的碳纤维微电极,利用循环伏安法,建立生理pH条件下5-羟色胺与氧化峰电流的线性关系.在线测定钩藤给药小鼠脑内海马区5-羟色胺随时间的变化,同时与空白组和安定对照组小鼠进行比较.结果 5-羟色胺在碳纤维微电极上的氧化峰电位为0.40 V,峰电流与5-羟色胺在1.0× 10-8～1.0× 10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0× 10-8 mol/L.钩藤给药小鼠脑内海马区5-羟色胺在给药1h后含量最高,随后呈逐渐降低的趋势.结论 碳纤维微电极制作简单,稳定性和重现性良好,火焰刻蚀后灵敏度大大提高,干扰少.该法用于活体实时在线测定,结果与药理实验具有一致性.     

中药凌霄花的鉴定研究

本文对中药凌霄花及其混淆品共5种药材进行了性状和显微鉴定研究。在显微鉴定中,还用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉粒进行了观察,找出了它们的鉴别点。全文附药材外形和扫描电镜下花粉粒的照片及花各部表面制片的主要显微特征图。     

特里杨甙对过敏性慢反应物质和组胺的拮抗作用

采用离体豚鼠回肠标本法及荧光分光光度法研究了从毛白杨叶中分离得到的特里杨甙(tremulacin,TRC)与组胺(histamine,His)及过敏性慢反应物质(SRS-A)的关系。结果表明:TRC能明显抑制His和SRS-A所致离体豚鼠回肠收缩,且成剂量相关性,IC₅₀分别为1.78X10-4mol·L^-1 2.51X10-4mol·L^-1。亦明显抑制致敏豚鼠肺释放SRS-A及致敏大鼠腹腔肥大细胞释放His。提示:TRC的抗炎作用与其对His及SRS-A的受体拮抗作用及对His和SRS-A释放的阻滞作用有关。     

不同功能区土壤-钩藤系统重金属累计特征及评价

以不同功能区土壤及钩藤为研究对象,探讨了不同功能区土壤和钩藤中重金属含量,分析了重金属在钩藤中的富集特征,并对不同功能区土壤重金属污染进行评价,结果表明:土壤中铜(Cu)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)表现为耕地林地荒地,镉(Cd)表现为林地耕地荒地,汞(Hg)表现为耕地荒地林地;参照《土壤环境质量标准》,Cd在林地、耕地和荒地下均超过了一级标准,林地下Cd超过了二级标准,耕地和荒地下Hg超过了一级标准;以《绿色食品产地环境技术条件》为标准,林地下土壤Cd超过了标准规定的限量值;依据《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》,3种功能区下钩藤中重金属均符合标准;从单因子污染指数来看,林地土壤受到重金属Cd的污染;从综合污染指数来看,钩藤在不同功能区下土壤都没有受到重金属的污染;钩藤钩对Cu,Cr,Pb,As的富集系数为荒地林地耕地,荒地下钩藤钩对重金属Cu的富集系数大于1;除Cu外,其余重金属富集系数均比较低。     

Neuroprotective effect of 1-methoxyoctadecan-1-ol from Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death

Ethnopharmacological relevance

We isolated a single compound, 1-methoxyoctadecan-1-ol (MOD), from dried hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis, which is used in traditional Korean medicine to provide relief from various nervous related symptoms.

Materials and methods

Neuroprotective effects of MOD against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells were investigated by analyzing cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Western blot assays.

Results

Exposure to glutamate alone resulted in remarkable hippocampal neuronal cell death; however, pretreatment with MOD resulted in suppression of neuronal death and ROS accumulation in connection with cellular Ca²⁺ level after exposure to glutamate. Stimulation by glutamate also caused significant protein level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and dephosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), however, pretreatment with MOD resulted in inhibition of these changes in protein level. Treatment with glutamate alone led to suppressed protein level of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB); however, pretreatment with MOD resulted in significant enhancement of this level of protein. Anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and both Ca²⁺ inhibitors, BAPTA and EGTA, showed effects similar to those of MOD in all proteins examined, except mature BDNF.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that MOD mainly exerted neuroprotective effects in suppression of ROS accumulation and up-regulation of mature BDNF in association with p38 MAPK and PI3K signaling in hippocampal neuronal cells.     

辨证施护联合常规护理麻疹逆症30例临床观察

[目的]观察辨证施护联合常规护理麻疹逆症疗效。[方法]采用前瞻性设计方法,对30例住院患者进行常规护理(环境护理;高热护理;眼、口腔及皮肤护理);辨证施护,a.邪毒闭肺,麻杏石甘汤(麻黄炙3g,生石膏15g,杏仁5g,前胡、黄芩10g,芦根15g,苏子、葶苈子5g,甘草3g),1剂/d,水煎300mL,早晚温服;联合抗生素,重症患儿加丙种球蛋白;b.邪毒攻喉,清咽下痰汤(玄参、射干、桔梗、牛蒡子各6g,金银花5g),1剂/d,水煎100mL,喷喉或含漱;c.邪陷心肝,羚角钩藤汤(水牛角15g,钩藤、菊花、石菖蒲、竹茹、茯神各10g,白芍15g,甘草3g),1剂/d,水煎300mL,早晚温服。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床症状、麻疹、体温、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程,判定疗效。[结果]痊愈30例,总有效率100%,平均住院天数13±1.5d。[结论]辨证施护联合常规护理麻疹逆症效果满意,值得推广。