气相色谱(GC)法测定钩藤中钩藤碱的含量

目的:建立气相色谱测定钩藤中钩藤碱含量的方法。方法:采用非极性毛细管柱AT.SE-54(15m×0.25mm×0.33μm);柱流速1.0ml.min-1;柱箱起始温度150℃,保持15min,以10℃.min-1的速率升至230℃,保持8min;进样口温度:280℃;检测器(FID)温度:280℃;载气为氮气。结果:钩藤碱在0.25442～1.2721μg范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.21%,平均RSD为1.32%。结论:该方法稳定,结果可靠,重复性好,可作为可为钩藤质量控制标准的制定提供相应的依据。     

离子交换树脂对钩藤总生物碱的纯化工艺

目的: 建立阳离子交换树脂纯化钩藤总生物碱的工艺。方法: 以钩藤总生物碱为研究指标,考察离子交换树脂分离钩藤总生物碱的工艺条件。结果: 选择732型阳离子交换树脂,以1 mL ·min^-1的流速上样,分别用10 BV水,6 BV 80%乙醇洗脱除杂,最后选用1%氨性80%乙醇洗脱得到钩藤总生物碱,含量达到50%。结论: 该方法工艺较简单,总碱含量较高,适合工业化生产。     

Studies of biological properties of Uncaria tomentosa extracts on human blood mononuclear cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC is a lignified climbing plant from South and Central America, which (under the name of “vilcacora” or “cat's claw”) has become highly popular in many countries due to its proven immunostimmulatory and anti-inflammatory activities and also with respect to its anticancer and antioxidative effects. There are insufficient data on the mechanism of U. tomentosa action on normal blood mononuclear cells.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of ethanol and aqueous extracts from bark and leaves of Uncaria tomentosa on the structure and function of human mononuclear cells and to find out whether the kind of extractant used modulates biological activity of the extracts studied.

Materials and methods

Plant material consisted of four different extracts: (1) ethanol extract from leaves, (2) aqueous extract from leaves, (3) ethanol extract from bark and (4) aqueous extract from bark. The effect of these extracts on protein damage as well as on free-radical formation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed. Moreover, changes in viability, size, and granularity as well as apoptotic alterations in human blood mononuclear cells exposed to U. tomentosa extracts were investigated.

Results

The oxidative changes were observed in mononuclear blood cells exposed to both ethanol and aqueous extracts obtained from bark and leaves. Moreover, in the cells studied the extracts from U. tomentosa induced apoptosis and a decrease in viability of mononuclear blood cells, with the exception of aqueous extract from leaves. Additionally, no statistically significant changes in the cell size were observed both for aqueous extracts from leaves and bark. Changes in the blood mononuclear cell granularity were observed at 250 μg/mL for all extracts examined. The strongest changes were observed for the ethanol extract of the bark, which increased cell granularity at 50 μg/mL and changed cell size at 100 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The conducted research showed differences in biological activity between aqueous and ethanol extracts. It was observed that ethanol extracts exhibited stronger negative effects on mononuclear blood cells. The kind of extractant used had a significant influence of the chemical composition of the tested extracts. The ethanol extract from bark containing a high amount of polyphenols and alkaloids revealed the highest pro-apoptotic effect.     

HPLC法测定中药钩藤中钩藤碱和异钩藤碱的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定中药钩藤中有效成分钩藤碱和异钩藤碱的含量。方法：色谱柱Lichrospher C18（4.0＆#215;250 mm,5μm）,流动相：甲醇：水（含10 mmol/L的三乙胺,冰醋酸调节pH值为7.4-7.6）=55：45,检测波长为254 nm,加入1%盐酸10μL作为改性剂。温度为25℃,测定钩藤碱和异钩藤碱的线性关系方程。结果：钩藤碱与异钩藤碱的回归方程分别为Y=9.2×10^4-0.281×10^4,Y=7.6×10^4-0.375×10^4,线性范围分别为0.100-1.60μg/mL（r=0.9999）,0.211-1.379μg/mL（r=0.9998）,钩藤碱的平均回收率为99.154%,异钩藤碱的平均回收率为99.40%。结论：HPLC法测定中药钩藤中两种成分的含量,方法简单、快速,精密度及稳定性好,可以用于控制中药材钩藤的品质。     

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Gastrodia elata Bl. and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks.

Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks (UR) are two traditional Chinese medicinal herbal drugs, used for the treatment of convulsions and epilepsy. Their antioxidant effects in vivo and their free radical scavenging effects in vitro were investigated. Epileptogenic foci in the lateral brain of the rat were induced by the injection of ferric chloride into the lateral cortex. Both extracts significantly inhibited the increase in levels of lipid peroxide in the ipsilateral cortex, at all times observed. In addition, the two extracts also induced an early increase of activity of superoxide dismutase in the mitochondrial fraction of the ipsilateral cortex. In in vitro experiments, the two extracts exhibited significant dose-dependent scavenging effects on free radicals, using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. These results suggest that the proposed antiepileptic effects of GE and UR may be attributable to the antioxidant activity of the active components in these two medicinal herbs.     

钩藤中吲哚类生物碱化学成分及药理活性研究进展

钩藤,原名钓藤,入药历史悠久,主要用来治疗风热头痛、头晕目眩、小儿惊厥、高血压等症状.近年来,大量药理实验证明,钩藤中的主要活性成分是吲哚类生物碱.就钩藤中的吲哚类生物碱的化学成分及其药理活性进行系统性综述,为进一步开发利用中药钩藤提供理论依据.     

钩藤生物碱对中枢神经系统的药理作用研究进展

钩藤是我国一种常用药材,对心血管系统、中枢神经系统和血液系统等均具有比较广泛的药理活性,临床上主要用于治疗高血压、焦虑等疾病。现代中药药理研究表明,钩藤对中枢神经系统的药理作用主要表现为镇静、抗癫痫、抗惊厥和对神经元的保护等,其中对神经元的保护作用与多种神经递质相关,具有多种作用机制,已被国内外越来越多的医药工作者所重视,综述钩藤生物碱对中枢神经系统的药理作用研究进展。     

Prevention of experimental diabetes by Uncaria tomentosa extract: Th2 polarization, regulatory T cell preservation or both?

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC (Rubiaceae) is a species native to the Amazon rainforest and surrounding tropical areas that is endowed with immunomodulatory properties and widely used around the world. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of Uncaria tomentosa (UT) aqueous-ethanol extract on the progression of immune-mediated diabetes.

Materials and methods

C57BL/6 male mice were injected with MLDS (40 mg/kg) and orally treated with UT at 10-400 mg/kg during 21 days. Control groups received MLDS alone or the respective dilution vehicle. Pancreatic mononuclear infiltrate and β-cell insulin content were analyzed by HE and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and measured by digital morphometry. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping and cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry analysis.

Results

Treating the animals with 50-400 mg/kg of UT caused a significant reduction in the glycemic levels, as well as in the incidence of diabetes. The morphometric analysis of insulitis revealed a clear protective effect. Animals treated with UT at 400 mg/kg presented a higher number of intact islets and a significant inhibition of destructive insulitis. Furthermore, a significant protection against the loss of insulin-secreting presented β-cells was achieved, as observed by a careful immunohistochemical evaluation. The phenotypic analysis indicated that the groups treated with higher doses (100-400 mg/kg) presented CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell values similar to those observed in healthy animals. These same higher doses also increased the number of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T-cells. Moreover, the extract modulated the production of Th1 and Th2, with increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5.

Conclusions

The extract was effective to prevent the progression of immune-mediated diabetes by distinct pathways.     

天麻钩藤饮控释胶囊的制备及体外释放度试验

目的:对天麻钩藤饮控释胶囊的制备工艺、体外释放度进行研究,为天麻钩藤饮控释胶囊的新药申报提供部分实验数据资料。方法:以乙基纤维素为辅料,制备天麻钩藤饮控释胶囊。以体外释放性能和成品外观性状为综合指标,对乙基纤维素乙醇液的浓度进行优选,优选出最佳处方和制备工艺。结果:验证实验结果表明,天麻钩藤饮控释胶囊释药基本达到零级过程,通过零级方程拟合,r=0.9991。加入天麻钩藤饮浸膏粉作为速释部分可提高控释胶囊的释药速率。结论:该控释胶囊的制备方法可行,达到了控释目的。     

钩藤叶化学成分的研究

目的 研究茜草科植物钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Jacks.叶的化学成分.方法 用多种色谱方法和重结晶法进行分离和纯化,经理化、光谱和色谱分析等方法鉴定结构.结果从钩藤叶中分离得到5个化合物,鉴定为喜果苷(vincoside lactam,Ⅰ)、异去氢钩藤碱(isocorynoxeine,Ⅱ)、异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline,Ⅲ)、去氢钩藤碱(corynoxeine,Ⅵ)、钩藤碱(rhynchophylline,Ⅴ).结论化合物Ⅲ为首次从钩藤叶中分离得到,通过2D-NMR技术完善了化合物Ⅲ的核磁数据.