Concurrent interaction of DCs with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells improves secondary CTL expansion: It takes three to tango

T‐cell help is essential for CTL‐memory formation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the continuous presence of CD4⁺ T‐helper (Th) cells is required during dendritic cell (DC)/CD8⁺ T‐cell encounters, or whether a DC will remember the helper signal after the Th cell has departed. This question is relevant for the design of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Therefore, we investigated how human DCs need to interact with CD4⁺ T cells to mediate efficient repetitive CTL expansion in vitro. We established an autologous antigen‐specific in vitro system with monocyte‐derived DCs, as these are primarily used for cancer vaccination. Contrary to common belief, a sequential interaction of licensed DCs with CD8⁺ T cells barely improved CTL expansion. In sharp contrast, simultaneous encounter of Th cells and CTLs with the same DC during the first in vitro encounter is a prerequisite for optimal subsequent CTL expansion in our in vitro system. These data suggest that, in contrast to DC maturation, the activation of DCs by Th cells, which is necessary for optimal CTL stimulation, is transient. This knowledge has significant implications for the design of new and more effective DC‐based vaccination strategies. Furthermore, our in vitro system could be a valuable tool for preclinical immunotherapeutical studies.     

玻切二期术后低视力人群的护理策略

目的对玻切二期术后低视力人群采取特殊的护理策略,来平复病人的负面情绪,提高治疗满意度。方法对2019年11月6日至2020年11月6日在我院接受玻璃体切割二次手术的96名低视力患者进行特殊护理干预,然后进行回顾性分析。结果在结合实际病情分析采取的特殊护理策略干预下,病人术后情绪稳定,未出现不良投诉事件,满意度较高。结论对玻切二期术后低视力人群采取特殊的护理干预策略十分必要。     

Study of the effect of varicocelectomy on sperm proteins expression in patients with varicocele and poor sperm quality by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Purpose

To compare proteomic profiles of spermatozoa from patients with varicocele and poor sperm quality before and after varicocelectomy.

Methods

This work was designed as a prospective and observational study. The study was based on 20 men with varicocele grade 3 and poor sperm quality undergoing varicocelectomy at the Fertility Unit of Royan institute in 2009. Two semen samples were collected, one before varicocelectomy and the other after surgery. Protein separation was done by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis, and analyzed by gel densitometry and mass spectrometry. Differential sperm protein expression levels were measured by gel densitometry.

Results

Comparison of the sperm parameters showed that sperm motility and concentration were increased after varicocelectomy. At the level of protein, a total of 3 protein spots were identified whose expression was significantly lower in sperm samples before varicocelectomy compared with after surgery including heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and δ-subunit of the catalytic core of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATP5D).

Conclusions

High grade varicocoele affects sperm protein expression presumably because of increasing testicular temperature. These proteins play essential roles in sperm production, DNA integrity protection, and sperm motility. This novel study demonstrates that varicocelectomy can improve both sperm quality and proteins expression.     

Is it necessary to place screws in the intervening vertebrae in two-level anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and plating?

ObjectiveThe clinical outcomes, radiological parameters, complication rate and the cost of implants in two-level ACDF with and without screws in the intervening segment were compared.MethodsA retrospective study of 68 patients who underwent 2-level ACDF from January 2014 to June 2016 was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: ACDF with screws in the intervening vertebra and those without screws in the intervening vertebra. Perioperative factors, clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, radiological parameters, and cost of the implants were evaluated in both groups.ResultsNo statistical differences in clinical outcomes, operative blood loss, hospital stay, restoration of cervical lordosis or segment height, postoperative complications, and fusion rate were found between the ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) and ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) groups (P > 0.05). But the operative time of added screw placement and cost of implants in the ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) group were significantly less than the ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) group (P < 0.05).ConclusionTwo kinds of screw placement with ACDF were found to be similar in terms of clinical outcomes. However, ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) was found to be superior to ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) in terms of the screw placement time and cost of implants.     

经肛拖出式双吻合在低位直肠癌中的应用

目的：探讨双器械吻合技术联合全直肠系膜切除在低住直肠癌保肛手术中的应用方法和临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析利用经肛拖出式双吻合技术治疗的低位直肠癌患者,分析其疗效。结果：3、5年生存率分别为83．3％、70．8％,术后两年局部复发2例（2．1％）,吻合口漏（3．1％）,无死亡病例。结论：在掌握手术适应症的前提下,经肛拖出式双吻合技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术是可行的,能提高术后患者生活质量。     

Adenosine A2a receptor antagonists attenuate striatal adaptations following dopamine depletion

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are widely thought to arise from an imbalance in the activity of the two major striatal efferent pathways following the loss of dopamine (DA) signaling. In striatopallidal, indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs), intrinsic excitability rises following the loss of inhibitory D2 receptor signaling. Because these receptors are normally counterbalanced by adenosine A2a adenosine receptors, antagonists of these receptors are being examined as an adjunct to conventional pharmacological therapies. However, little is known about the effects of sustained A2a receptor antagonism on striatal adaptations in PD models. To address this issue, the A2a receptor antagonist SCH58261 was systemically administered to DA-depleted mice. After 5 days of treatment, the effects of SCH58261 on iSPNs were examined in brain slices using electrophysiological and optical approaches. SCH58261 treatment did not prevent spine loss in iSPNs following depletion, but did significantly attenuate alterations in synaptic currents, spine morphology and dendritic excitability. In part, these effects were attributable to the ability of SCH58261 to blunt the effects of DA depletion on cholinergic interneurons, another striatal cell type that co-expresses A2a and D₂ receptors. Collectively, these results suggest that A2a receptor antagonism improves striatal function in PD models by attenuating iSPN adaptations to DA depletion.     

3D与2D腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术对比研究

目的 探讨与2D腹腔镜相比,3D腹腔镜技术在肾上腺肿瘤切除术中的临床应用价值. 方法 以2015年11月至2016年3月于徐州中心医院泌尿外科实施腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术的患者38例为研究对象,其中18例患者采用2D腹腔镜技术(对照组),其余20例患者采用3D腹腔镜技术(实验组).分析比较两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间等方面的差异. 结果 实验组 vs 对照组,两组的手术时间[(110±18)min vs (120±20)min]、术中出血量[(60±14)ml vs (64±16)ml]、术后并发症发生率[0 vs 0]、术后住院时间[(7.8±2.6)d vs (8.1±2.8)d]比较,差异无统计学意义. 结论 与2D腹腔镜相比,高清3D腹腔镜对于肾上腺肿瘤切除术等只需要简单外科操作的手术无明显优势.     

Chromosome analysis of two rat tumor cell lines possible role of DMs and HSR in metastasis

Summary The rat tumor cell lines BSp73AS (AS, nonmetastasizing with pronounced adherent capacities) and BSp73ASML (ASML, highly metastasizing with reduced adherent capacities) were cytogenetically investigated. The ASML cell line.is reportedly derived from the AS cell line. Both lines exhibited abnormal numerical and structural chromosomal characteristics. The metastasizing ASML cells showed a higher chromosome number (modal number: 62–63) than the nonmetastasizing AS cells (modal number: 48).The AS karyotype was characterized by the presence of a large metacentric marker chromosome resulting from a Robertsonian translocation (Rb 6.7). This chromosome is as such absent in ASML cells but perhaps it may be present in these cells with a major part of chromosome 7 being deleted.The most interesting feature of the ASML karyo-type was the presence of double minutes (DMs) and a homogeneously staining region (HSR) at the telomeric end of chromosome 6. These were peculiar to the ASML cells, being absent in the AS cells. DMs and HSR are reported to be correlated with the resistance to various drugs and with the acquired virulence of tumor cells through gene amplification.Therefore, we assume that in the metastasizing ASML cell line the DMs and HSR were established through genetic selection and that they are probably related to the acquired metastasizing capacity of these cells.     

应用超声心动图左室壁运动异常节段推测冠心病相关狭窄血管--与冠脉造影对比研究

目的:探讨二维心超(2DE)对冠心病的诊断价值及对相关狭窄血管推测的准确性。材料和方法:200例临床初步诊断为冠心病的患者同期进行2DE及导管法冠脉造影(CAG)检查(2DE在先,CAG在后),以CAG为标准,统计分析根据节段性室壁运动异常推测冠脉相关狭窄血管的准确性。结果:对狭窄冠脉具体血管数的检出两种方法比较,LAD、LCX、多支病变两者无明显差异(P>0.05),以CAG为标准,2DE推测冠心病相关狭窄血管的特异性较高,敏感性较低,约登指数<0.5;当冠状动脉的某一支狭窄≥90%或次全闭塞时,2DE推测冠心病的准确性明显提高,对LAD、LCX、RCA的判断敏感性均>70%,特异性均>85%,约登指数均>0.6。结论:2DE是一种简便、无创、良好辅助冠脉造影的方法,当血管狭窄≥90%或次全闭塞时准确性较高,当血管狭窄<90%时准确性欠佳。