不同影像技术对胰腺癌模型兔原位种植建模效果的评价与比较

目的:比较CT、MRI及超声平扫检查对胰腺癌模型兔建模效果的评价价值。方法:建立胰腺癌模型兔10只,对每只模型兔采用CT、MRI、超声平扫等影像检查,比较不同影像技术对模型兔肿瘤病灶的检出率;并对肿瘤采用磁共振波谱(MRS)分析肿瘤代谢情况。结果:建模成功3周末,死亡5只,存活5只;3种检查方式均能发现胰腺区的肿瘤病变和腹腔积液,检出率均能够达到100%。在对肿大淋巴结和血管包绕的检出中,MRI与CT的检出率相当,均优于超声平扫;在对远处转移的检出中,MRI要优于另外两种方式,但三种影像检查方法的病灶肿大淋巴结、血管包绕及远处转移等检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²=3.619,χ²=3.000,χ²=6.857;P>0.05)。MRS分析能够清晰显示胆碱(Ch)、肌酐(Cr)和N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)峰。结论:对动物肿瘤模型采用CT、MRI和超声平扫检查,可以获得较为满意的检测效果,但是在行动物实验过程中,需要根据实际的肿瘤种植位置和肿瘤转移位置采用合适的影像检查方法。     

El manejo de la torsión testicular en Urgencias: lecciones aprendidas de las reclamaciones por responsabilidad profesional médica

ObjectiveTo evaluate emergency care for testicular torsion in medical professional liability claims.MethodClaims related to testicular torsion from 2000 to 2018 were located. The assistance provided and the association with medical professional liability were analyzed.ResultsEighty complaints were identified, testicular pain was reported in 83.75% of first consultations, with a mean evolution time of 15.5 h. The mean time to diagnosis was 7.98 days. The first consultation was at the hospital in 75.1% of cases, but an ultrasound was performed only in 7.5%. When testicular torsion diagnosis was performed, 97.3% had undergone ancillary tests. The medical professional liability was significantly associated with non-criminal proceedings and with less than 6 h of symptoms’ evolution, and, within this subgroup, without undergoing an ultrasound scan.ConclusionsLate consultations, wrong diagnosis and late diagnosis are claimed. When medical professional liability are claimed by means of non-criminal law, the existence of responsibility is frequently considered, even more in those cases when the consultation took place before 6 h of evolution with no ancillary tests having been performed.     

Reporting and grading of complications after mid-urethral sling surgeries: Could the “Clavien-Dindo Classification” be adopted?

Background:To construct a modified model for reporting and grading of postoperative complications after the mid-urethral sling (MUS) procedure based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. In addition, complications of three different types of MUS were compared.Materials and methods:A PubMed search for postoperative complication after MUS was carried out for the period between January 1990 and July 2018. Reported complications were stratified in a plate form designed in accordance with grades of the Clavien-Dindo classification. Then, the proposed model was applied on reported complications in 160 females who underwent three different procedures of MUS (transvaginal tape [TVT], transobturator tape [TOT], and autologous fascial sling) with a minimum follow-up of 24 months.Results:The mean ± SD age at time of surgery was 46 ± 7 years. TVT was carried out in 75 (47%) patients, TOT in 40 (25%), and fascial sling in 45 (28%). The total number of complications was 62 in 43 (26.8%) patients. The vast majority of complications were Grade I and Grade II 19 (12%) and 21 (13%) out of 160 patients, respectively. Transient postoperative voiding difficulty (Grade II) and de novo urgency (Grade II) were the most prevalent complications in the fascial sling method (15.4% for each), whereas transient thigh pain (Grade II) was the most frequently reported complication after TOT (10%). Life-threatening vascular injury (Grade IV-a) was a serious complication in TVT cases.Conclusions:Postoperative complications of the MUS could be graded according to Clavien''s classification. The vast majority of complications were Graded I or II. TVT can cause serious life-threatening complications.     

血清Toll样受体4联合超声血流指标与子痫前期围生儿结局的相关性

目的探讨血清Toll样受体4 (TLR4)联合超声血流指标与子痫前期围生儿结局的相关性。方法选择2017年2月-2019年6月在南充市中心医院住院分娩的子痫前期孕妇125例作为病例组,同期选择孕期健康和血压正常的孕妇125例作为对照组,所有入选者都给予超声血流检查,检测血清TLR4表达情况,调查病例组围生儿的结局并进行相关性分析。结果病例组孕妇大脑中动脉超声RI与PI值都显著高于对照组孕妇,血清TLR4值显著高于对照组孕妇,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有围生儿都顺利分娩,病例组围生儿的1 min Apgar评分与5 min Apgar评分都显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在病例组中Pearson相关分析显示围生儿的5 min Apgar评分水平都与血清TLR4值及RI、PI呈现负相关性(P<0.05)。结论子痫前期患者表现为血清TLR4表达量上升与超声血流指标升高,且与患者的围生儿结局密切相关。     

经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月医院收治的早孕期人工流产、自然流产及药物流产后行宫腔残留物诊断的患者80例,均采用经阴道超声检查,以病理结果为金标准,分析经阴道超声的诊断效能。结果以病理结果为金标准,经阴道超声对早孕期流产后宫腔残留物的诊断灵敏度为97.22%,特异度为62.50%,准确度为93.75%。结论经阴道超声应用于早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中,具有较高的诊断灵敏度、准确度,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

超声诊断在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结检查中的应用进展

乳腺癌疾病是当前发病率比较高的一种疾病,发病的人群也趋于年轻化。前哨淋巴结是原发肿瘤发生淋巴结转移所必经的第一批淋巴结,其可以作为阻止肿瘤细胞从淋巴道扩散的屏障,临床意义受到人们重视,腋窝淋巴结状态是衡量乳腺癌患者恢复情况的重要指标。随着当前乳腺癌手术方式的多样化,在处理乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结的相关问题过程中也有了新的认识。超声是当前临床上比较常见的用于检查乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的方法,本文针对其实际应用和研究情况进行综述,旨在为临床实践提供参考。     

基于超声的2型糖尿病患者迷走神经病变分析

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者迷走神经病变,从而为糖尿病神经病变临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法 收集2020年1月—2021年6月在南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院内分泌科接受诊治的51例2型糖尿病患者和42例健康志愿者临床资料进行分析。采用自主神经症状（SAS）量表对2型糖尿病患者自主神经系统症状进行评价;采用超声测定迷走神经横断面面积,比较2型糖尿病患者和健康对照迷走神经横断面面积差异,分析迷走神经横断面面积与2型糖尿病患者临床特征间的关联。结果 2型糖尿病患者和健康对照者性别构成、年龄、身高、有吸烟史比例差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,但2组研究对象体质量（t = 4.52,P < 0.01）、体质指数差异有统计学意义（t = 5.21,P < 0.01）。51例2型糖尿病患者中,37例出现自主神经系统症状,平均出现3.7 ±0.9种（1～9种）自主神经系统症状,总体症状影响评分平均为10.5 ±3.2分（0～25分）。2型糖尿病患者左、右侧迷走神经横断面面积平均为（1.55 ±0.44）、（1.97 ±0.66） mm²,显著大于健康对照的（1.37 ±0.37）、（1.61 ±0.540） mm²（t = 2.20,P < 0.05;t = 2.87,P < 0.01）。Pearson相关分析显示,迷走神经横断面面积与2型糖尿病患者及健康对照年龄、身高、体质量、体质指数均无统计学关联（P > 0.05）,且与2型糖尿病患者糖尿病病程、自主神经系统症状数量及SAS量表总体症状影响评分均无统计学关联（P > 0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病患者存在迷走神经增粗,迷走神经超声可用于自主神经病变早期检测。     

超声耦合剂最佳声阻的近似计算

目前国内超声医学界对最佳耦合剂声阻数值的选择尚无较为准确的说法。作者从声束通过介质薄层透射率公式出发，用近似计算方法，找出了最佳耦合剂数值的大小，并对适宜的声头材料、耦合剂材料提出建议。