富氧气体防护下暴发性缺氧大鼠大脑超微病理变化

目的 从亚细胞水平观察大鼠在12 000m高度暴发性缺氧及富氧气体防护时大脑顶叶皮质组织超微结构变化，为高空暴发性缺氧的防护和治疗提供理论依据。方法 将24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为地面对照组、3000m对照组、12000m暴发性缺氧组、12000m吸90％富氧气体防护组、12000m吸100％氧气防护组、12000m吸50％富氧气体防护组，每组4只。于低压舱内暴露于12000m高度30min，然后将动物即刻处死，取大脑顶叶皮质层组织，制成切片，透射电镜下观察。结果与地面对照组相比，随着吸氧浓度的降低，实验组缺氧程度加重，主要表现为脑组织神经细胞、神经胶质细胞结构模糊不清，核及胞质内线粒体、内质网扩张，突触小泡减少等，以12000m暴发性缺氧组及吸50％氧气防护组明显。结论 吸100％和吸90％富氧气体防护效果是理想的，与地面对照组和3000m对照组的结果无明显差别。     

脐静脉灌注提高分离人胎肝细胞纯度

应用脐静脉灌注冲洗人胎儿肝脏,胰蛋白酶消化后经光镜及扫描电镜观察,证实可获得纯度为90%以上的肝实质细胞,培养上清液可测出胎甲蛋白活性,证明胎肝细胞具有生物学活性,为应用人肝细胞培养进行生理生化及药理方面的实验研究,提供一种新的获取人肝细胞的方法.     

抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏对体外培养细胞影响的形态学观察

目的：了解抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏对体外培养细胞的影响。方法：体外培养人成纤维细胞（human skin fibrobasts,HSF）和中国仓鼠卵巢癌细胞（chinese hamster ovary,CHO），分别经不同浓度的抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏处理后常规培养，通过倒置显微镜和电子显微镜观察细胞生长情况和细胞超微结构。结果：经抗龋IgY处理的HSF和CHO细胞生长旺盛，超微结构无变化；经抗龋IgY牙膏处理的HSF和CHO细胞加药后部分细胞出现变圆或脱落、细胞生长缓慢和细胞器变性等变化，第2天恢复良好生长状态。结论：抗龋IgY对体外培养细胞生长、形态无影响；抗龋IgY牙膏中的某些成分可能对培养细胞有短暂的不良影响。     

人鼻粘膜表面超微结构及纤毛输送功能的研究

研究结果表明:①人鼻粘膜的上皮在胚胎期的发育并不完善。在新生儿,纤毛上皮细胞的融合刚刚开始,其表面的纤毛呈微绒毛状。②在最常见的四种鼻粘膜炎症病变中,其超微结构的损害程度以伴有化脓性感染者最重,慢性肥厚性鼻炎与萎缩性鼻炎次之,变态反应性鼻炎最轻。③上述四种炎症病人的鼻纤毛输送能力均较正常人差,其中以伴有化脓性感染者最差,慢性肥厚性鼻炎和萎缩性鼻炎次之,变态反应性鼻炎最轻。     

人胎儿前庭器超微结构的观察

对人胎儿前庭器超微结构的研究,国内外报道甚少。本文对18至36周人胎儿颞骨10具进行了扫描电镜和透射电镜的观察,并对应用Surface preparation法制做人胎儿前庭器标本的方法进行了探讨。本文观察所见:豚鼠平衡斑的生理状态与人胎儿很近似,体面积比人胎儿平衡斑小,感觉毛长,细胞排列更整齐。28周以后的胎儿因前庭周围骨质变硬,制做标本时可以分别取出两囊斑和壶腹嵴。     

Penicillamine-Induced Degenerative Dermatoses: Report of a Case and Brief Review of Such Dermatoses

We describe a case of elastosis perforans serpiginosa with additional findings of degenerative skin changes. A 20-year-old man with hepatolenticular degeneration, under prolonged treatment with D-penicillamine, presented with a circular or serpiginous arrangement of nuchal papules. Histopathologically, transepidermal channels were accompanied by granulomatous reactions, with several giant cells engulfing elastic fibers. In addition to these findings of a typical elastosis perforans serpiginosa, we observed scar-like skin changes inside the circular arrangement of the papules. At the scar-like tissue, we found electron-microscopical evidence of randomly aggregated thin collagen fibers with no tendency toward systemic combined bundle formation, which is a characteristic feature of normal collagen fiber formation. Pseudoxanthoma-elasticum-like changes were observed on his neck. On his axillae and groin, slight skin thickening and wrinkling were detected. The diagnosis of elastosis perforans serpiginosa does not represent all of the manifestations or the pathological background described above. The skin manifestations described here represent not only an elastosis but also a total degenerative dermatosis with over-healed collagenosis. Thus, those dermatoses should be summarized as one entity, penicillamine-induced degenerative dermatosis. After considering the pathogenic background and clinical similarities, we further propose to simplify the penicillamine-induced skin manifestations to three categories: acute sensitivity reactions, bullous dermatoses, and degenerative dermatoses.     

图像分析DNA含量对判断膀胱移行细胞癌分级和预后的意义

采用IBAS图像分析系统检测37例膀胱移行细胞癌病人的肿瘤细胞DNA含量，其中35例随访18个月至7年（平均5l个月），结果显示DNA含量和AN出现率增加与肿瘤的恶性程度有关（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）；肿瘤复发亦与非整倍体细胞（AN）出现率密切相关，AN出现率小于10％无复发，＜30％5例复发，＞30％9例复发。研究资料表明，图像分析技术测定细胞核的DNA含量对判断膀胱移行细胞癌病人的分级和预后有重要意义。     

Ultrastuctural studies of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus: Morphology and spatial relationships of axon terminals arising from the retina,visual cortex (area 17), superior colliculus,parabigminal nucleus,and pretectum of Galago crassicaudatus

The electron microscopic autoradiographic tracing method has been used to examine the morphology and postsynaptic relationships of five projections (retina, cortical area 17, superior colliculus (tectal), parabigeminal nucleus, and pretectum) to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the greater bush baby galago crassicaudatus. Retinal terminals have been examined in the contralaterally innervated layer of each of the three matched pairs [parvi-(X-cell), magno- (Y--cell), and koniocellular (small, W-cell)] of geniculate layers. These terminals are large and contain pale mitochondria and round vesicles (RLPs). RLPs are presynaptic to juxtasomatic regions of parvi-and magnocellular neurons. In contrast, RLPs innervate more distal regions of konicellular neurons. Labeled cortical, tectal, and parabigeminal terminals are relatively small and contain round vesicles na dark mitochondria. Cortical terminals in each of the three representative layers are presynaptic to small diameter dendrites. No convergence of cortical and retinal terminals has been seen in any layer. Labeled tectal and parabigminal terminals are found primarily in the koniocellular layers, but the latter are also seen in all other layers. Tectal and parabigeminal terminals have been observed converging with retinal terminals on dendrites of some koniocellular neurons. Labeled pretectogeniculate terminals contain densely packed pleomorphic vesicles, dark mitochondria, and a dark cytoplasmic matric. These terminals, which are present in each of the representative layers, are presynaptic to conventional dendrites and profiles containing loosely despersed pleomorphic vesicles and a pale cytoplasmic matrix. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

电镜和荧光显微技术在细胞凋亡研究中的应用

目的：探讨荧光显微技术在检测细胞凋亡中的作用。方法：应用拓扑异构酶Ⅱ抑制剂VP-16及化学毒物叠氮钠分别诱导HL-60细胞凋亡和死亡，用透射电镜和经Hoechst 33258染色的荧光显微镜对凋亡及死亡动态观察和定量分析。结果：HL-60细胞在VP16处理后，荧光显微镜下可见核浓缩、染色质凝集、核碎裂等凋亡特征；而叠氮钠诱导的细胞死亡则出现核溶解、核染色质弥散，但无上述改变；两者电镜的观察与荧光显微镜的改变一致；凋亡细胞及坏死细胞荧光显微镜下呈不同的形态特征。对处理的不同时间点细胞的荧光显微镜观察发现：处理后4h核形态开始变化，有核浓缩的细胞比例在处理8h达高峰，然后下降，核碎裂细胞的比例在24h达高峰，约占80％，表明核浓缩发生在核碎裂之前。结论：荧光显微镜技术可明确观察判断细胞凋亡及坏死，并可进行动态及定量分析，是良好的凋亡检测方法。     

Adenosine protects ultrastrueture of isolated rat lungs against fat emulsion injury

In isolated rat lungs subjected to fat emulsion damage, a model simulating adult respiratory distress syndrome, we have previously reported that adenosine (ADO) reduces pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and the fluid filtration rate (FFR). In the present study the aim was to examine morphologically this effect of ADO. Two groups of isolated rat lungs were subjected to the injury. Marked and significant differences were found between the groups; in lungs not given ADO, FFR and airway pressure were higher and, as evaluated by electron microscopy, the endothelial lining was thin and partly disrupted. The epithelial cells of the alveolar walls were also partly disrupted and the alveolar septa were split enclosing interstitial edema. In lungs receiving ADO from the onset of exposure to fat emulsion, FFR was lower and ultrastructure did not differ from non–injured non–treated controls perfused for the same length of time.