通调督脉化瘀排毒法治疗尿毒症晚期患者92例临床研究

目的观察应用通调督脉化瘀排毒法治疗尿毒症晚期的临床疗效。方法将92例尿毒症晚期患者随机分为两组,治疗组48例,除一般治疗外,加用海洋生命平衡超导治疗仪,将中药干粉剂作用于督脉、足太阳膀胱经的五脏六腑之俞穴,每日3次,每次1小时;对照组44例,给予一般治疗。结果治疗组总有效率及生化指标与对照组比较均有显著改善(P<0.05)。结论应用调督通脉化瘀排毒法,能提高尿毒症晚期患者的临床疗效。     

Structure and Function of Clostridium Botulinum Progenitor Toxin

Clostridium botulinum strains produce seven immunologically distinct neurotoxins (NTX), type A to G. the NTXs associate with nontoxic components in cultures, and become large complexes with three forms (12S, 16S, and 19S) designated progenitor toxins. the 12S toxin consists of a NTX and a nontoxic component having no hemagglutinin (HA) activity (described here as non-toxic non-HA, NTNH), and the 16S and 19S toxins are formed by conjugation of the 12S toxin with HA. Based on the genetic-and protein chemical-analyses of the progenitor toxins it became clear that 1) the HA consists of four subcomponents namely HA1 (Mr. 33–35 kDa), HA2 (15–17 kDa), HA3a (19–23 kDa), and HA3b (52–53 kDa), 2) the genes coding for NTX (ntx), NTNH (ntnh), and HA (ha) occur as a cluster; ha lies just upstream of ntnh, and ntx lies just downstream of ntnh, 3) ha is in the opposite orientation from that of ntnh and ntx, 4) ha consists of three ORFs (ha1, ha2, and ha3), 5) the gene product (70 kDa) of ha3 is split into HA3a and HA3b after translation, 6) HA3a is cleaved at several different sites of its N-terminal region to form proteins with slightly different Mrs, 7) the 19S toxin is a dimer of 16S toxin crosslinked by HA1, 8) the NTNHs of type A to D 12S toxins have a cleavage(s) on their N-terminal regions. It also became clear that the HA plays an important role when the 16S (and 19S) toxin is absorbed from the small intestine.     

四种重要生物恐怖毒素液相芯片多重检测方法的建立

目的建立包括蓖麻毒素B(Ricin toxion B,RTB)、肉毒梭菌毒素A(Clostri botulinum toxin A,CBTA)、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(Staphylococcal enterotoxin B,SEB)及产气荚膜毒素ε(Clostridium perfringens toxinε,CPTε)在内的4种重要生物恐怖因子的多重液相芯片检测方法。方法采用双抗夹心法原理和液相芯片技术平台,通过优化偶联抗体浓度和检测抗体浓度以及抗原抗体最佳孵育时间,建立4种生物恐怖因子液相芯片多重检测方法。结果反应条件优化实验结果表明,RTB、CBTA、SEA和CPTε偶联抗体的最佳用量分别为20μg、40μg、80μg、80μg;RTB、CBTA、SEA和CPTε检测抗体的最佳稀释比分别为1∶5000、1∶1000、1∶2000、1∶4000;4种毒素抗原抗体最佳孵育时间为60min。多重检测结果表明,本研究建立的毒素液相芯片多重检测方法可有效检测上述任意1种毒素、任意2种毒素组合、任意3种毒素组合并能同时检测4种毒素。灵敏度检测结果表明,RTB、CBTA、SEA、CPTε检测灵敏度分别为1 ng/ml、10 ng/ml、5 ng/ml、10 ng/ml。结论本研究建立的4种常见生物恐怖毒素液相芯片多重检测方法通过1次检测能同时检测RTB、CBTA、SEA、CPTε,是一种准确、灵敏、快速和高通量的检测方法。     

Contractility and ultrastructure of cardiac muscle of guinea pigs treated with diphtheria toxin

Summary The development of tension and the ultrastructure of cardiac papillary muscle of normal guinea pigs were compared to guinea pigs receiving lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. The maximal isometric force of the papillary muscles at various levels of resting tension indicated no significant difference between the control and the diphtheritic animals. Neither did the sarcomere lengths of papillary muscles, fixed at various levels of tension, show any Significant difference between these two groups. Electronmicroscopy in diphtheritic animals showed intact myofilaments but marked dilatation of theT andL system as well as pathologic fat deposits adjacent to the subsarcolemma and theT system. The results, therefore, suggest that diphtheria toxin acts on theT andL system, but does not affect structure and function of the myofilaments in the acute stage of diphtheria intoxication.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.Dedicated to Prof. W. Doerr on occasion of his 60th birthday.We wish to thank Mrs. K. Mews and Mr. H. Derks for their unfailing technical assistance. Behringwerke A.G., Marburg/Lahn, kindly gave us a supply of diphtheria toxin.     

Identification of BmKAPi, a novel type of scorpion venom peptide with peculiar disulfide bridge pattern from Buthus martensii Karsch

A novel cDNA sequence encoding a new type of scorpion venom peptide (BmKAPi) was first isolated from the venom gland of Buthus martensiiKarsch by cDNA library screening combined with 5′-race. The encoded precursor of BmKAPi consisted of 89 amino acid residues including a signal peptide of 24 residues, a putative mature peptide of 64 residues (BmKAPi) and an extra basic residue at the C-terminus which might be removed in the post-translational processing. BmKAPi is stabilized by five disulfide bridges, whereas all other disulfide-bridged scorpion toxins described are cross-linked by three or four disulfide bridges. It suggested the three-dimensinal scaffold of BmKAPi might be different from other scorpion toxins. The amino acid sequence of BmKAPi showed no homology with other scorpion venom peptides, but shared a little similarity with some anticoagulant peptides and proteinase inhibitors isolated from hookworm, honeybee or European frog, respectively. RT-PCR analysis showed that BmKAPi mRNA could be induced by venom extraction suggesting BmKAPi might be a component of scorpion venom. These results suggest that BmKAPi is a new type of scorpion venom peptide different from other described scorpion toxins in structural and functional aspects.     

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗慢性紧张型头痛的临床对照研究

目的 对A型肉毒毒素注射治疗慢性紧张型头痛的疗效及安全性进行临床观察和研究.方法 纳入慢性紧张型头痛病人共50例,分为A型肉毒毒素注射治疗组和传统药物治疗对照组,每组各25例,对两组疗效进行比较研究,并对A型肉毒毒素注射治疗的安全性进行观察.结果 肉毒毒素注射治疗组较传统药物治疗对照组在治疗后1、2及3个月各项指标(头痛发作天数、发作时头痛严重程度、头痛发作持续时间、需临时口服止痛药的天数)的改善均更加显著(P<0.05).肉毒毒素注射治疗组约72%的病例感颈部乏力,约在1周~1月内消失,无其他明显不良反应.结论 A型肉毒毒素注射治疗慢性紧张型头痛方法简便、起效快、效果显著、副反应小、药效维持时间长.     

从毒邪论治反应性关节炎

毒邪是反应性关节炎发生的重要条件,且始终贯穿整个病理过程。其中先天禀赋不足,内生虚毒是引起反应性关节炎的内因;外感毒邪是导致反应性关节炎发病的先决条件;痰瘀互结而成内生之毒,是反应性关节炎的继发改变。在防治反应性关节炎的临床实践中,需遵循解毒邪原则,做到:1首辨毒邪;2次辨病期;3三辨正邪偏胜。     

Prejunctional effects of a purified toxin from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus

Summary The effects of a purified fraction of the venom of the Brazilian scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, were studied in isolated guinea-pig atria previously labelled with ³H-noradrenaline. Exposure to 0.3 and 1.0 /ml of the scorpion toxin resulted in a long lasting positive chronotropic effect which was concentration-dependent. The increase in atrial rate coincided with an enhancement in spontaneous outflow of radioactivity. The increase in outflow of radioactive products elicited by exposure to 1.0 g/ml of the scorpion toxin was approximately 3-fold. ³H-noradrenaline accounted for 60% of the total increase in outflow of radioactivity elicited by the scorpion toxin and the ³H-deaminated glycol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol) represented the main metabolite formed, accounting for approximately 35% of the total release. 20 min after exposure to 1.0 g/ml of the scorpion toxin the overflow of the labelled transmitter elicited by accelerans nerve stimulation (4 Hz, during 60 sec, supramaximal voltage) was increased 8-fold. This effect of the scorpion toxin appears to be unrelated to inhibition of neuronal uptake, block of -adrenoceptors or stimulation of -adrenoceptors. Consequently, in addition to releasing noradrenaline, the scorpion toxin enhances transmitter overflow elicited by nerve stimulation through a prejunctional effect which appears to reflect a nove mechanism of action.