耳鸣相关脑区的正电子发射断层成像

目的　探讨与耳鸣相关的脑区并观察听力损失、耳鸣侧别、优势半球等因素的影响。方法　用正电子发射断层成像 (positronemissiontomograph ,PET)研究 17例耳鸣患者的脑葡萄糖代谢活动 ,并与 15例无耳鸣者作对照。示踪剂为18F标记的去葡萄糖。按有无听力损失将所有受试者分为 4组 ,第 1组耳鸣伴听力损失 ,13例 ;第 2组耳呜但听力正常 ,4例 ;第 3组无耳呜有听力损失 ,2例 ;第 4组无耳呜且听力正常 ,13例。用专门统计分析软件Statisticalparametersmapping(SPM)进行统计分析 ,按照Talairach坐标确定与耳呜相关脑区的解剖部位 (brodmannarea ,BA)。结果　耳呜相关脑区位于左侧颞横回 (BA41)、左侧颞上回 (BA42、2 2 )、左侧颞中回前部 (BA38)和左侧海马 ,这一结果不依赖于耳呜的侧别 ,而且与优势关球无关。听力损失相关的脑区主要是双侧颞上回后部 (BA42、2 2 )、颞中回中部 (BA2 1)、联合听区 (BA39)、左侧额中回 (BA8、9)、左侧额下回 (BA45 )等。结论　PET为主观耳呜提供了客观证据 ,有望成为耳呜的客观检测方法。     

淋巴瘤累及胃结肠韧带的CT表现

目的 探讨非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL）累及胃结肠韧带（gastrocolic ligament,GCL）的CT表现及其解剖学基础。方法 回顾性分析26例经病理确诊的累及GCL的NHL病例,着重观察GCL的CT表现。结果 GCL受累主要表现为GCL内淋巴结增大,增大淋巴结呈散在分布,未见淋巴结融合。增大淋巴结表现为均匀强化者25例,均匀强化合并环状强化者1例。有2例显示GCL增厚、局部呈饼状改变,伴有腹腔积液。结论 熟悉GCL影像解剖学特点有助于累及GCL的NHL的CT诊断。     

鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发和纤维化的增强CT鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后出现块影时,ＣＴ检查对鉴别肿瘤局部复发和放射性纤维化的价值。方法收集１５９例经ＣＴ检查的鼻咽癌,其中放疗后局部复发（ＲＴ）３７例,放射性纤维化（ＲＦ）５４例,以６８例未经放疗的鼻咽癌（ＰＴ）作对比。使用ＥＬＳｃｉｎｔｓｐｒｉｎｔ２０００型ＣＴ机,测量放疗后出现的块影平扫和强化的ＣＴ值,用统计学的方差分析法处理增强前后的ＣＴ值差异。结果ＲＴ组平扫ＣＴ值为５０．４０±８．１０Ｈｕ,增强为７３．７４±７．３７Ｈｕ;ＲＦ组平扫为４８．６２±１０．１５Ｈｕ,增强为５６．７４±８．６９Ｈｕ;对照组（ＰＴ）病变区平扫为４８．３２±９．２０Ｈｕ,增强为７２．３８±７．７５Ｈｕ。测量表明ＲＴ组有明显强化,ＲＴ组与ＲＦ组强化后ＣＴ值差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论鼻咽癌放疗后出现块影时,ＣＴ增强扫描可作为鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

肝脏转移瘤的CT分析

目的　阐述肝脏转移瘤的 CT表现 ,探讨 CT检查的价值。方法回顾 90例肝脏转移瘤的CT资料分析肝脏转移瘤的数目、大小、密度、边界形态、在肝内的分布 ,肝脏及脾脏的大小 ,以及原发肿瘤的同时显示等多种表现。结果 65例 ,占 72 %转移瘤病灶数目在 3个以上 ,在肝内呈弥漫性分布 ;6例 ,占 7%有 2个病灶 ;19例 ,占 2 1%只有 1个病灶 ;其中 2 9个病灶位于靠近肝脏边缘的肝实质内。肿瘤大小由 0 .5～ 14cm不等。 87例肿瘤密度低于肝实质 ;3例肝脂肪变 ,肿瘤密度高于肝实质。 4 4例肿瘤内出现坏死。 31例呈弥漫多发病灶致肝脏增大变形 ;2 6例单发及两个病灶者 ,肝脏形态正常。 4 5例 CT检查同时发现原发肿瘤。结论肝脏转移瘤表现多样各异 ,以弥漫多发大小不等为常见。CT尤其可以发现临床尚属隐匿期的肝转移瘤。     

肝细胞癌的三期螺旋CT评价

为了评价三期螺旋CT检查肝细胞癌的价值。材料与方法：对32例患者59个肝细胞癌进行三期螺旋CT扫描。统计各期病灶的检出数．观察病灶增强方式。由两位放射科医生以双盲法观察诊断。结果：肝细胞癌在肝动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期的检出率分别为52个（88％）,45个（76）和44（75％）。12个病灶仅显示在动脉期,1个病灶仅显示在门静脉期,2个病灶仅显示在延迟期。结论：动脉期显示的病灶数最多,然而,有些病灶仅显示在门静脉期和延迟或．因此．为了能最大限度显示病灶,三期螺旋CT的采用是必要的。     

Diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-macular traction: evaluation by optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Aim: To evaluate the role and efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction. Methods: 12 patients affected by diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction were examined using biomicroscopy with a three-mirror contact lens, fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT scanning in order to identify the presence of a vitreomacular traction. Results: OCT revealed two patterns of maculopathy which were characterised by a thickening of the superior profile of the OCT tomogram or by the disappearance and inversion of the physiologic foveal depression respectively. Conclusions: OCT may be useful in the characterisation and monitoring of diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

股骨头无血坏死的CT诊断及其与X线平片的关系

虽然对股骨头无血坏死的诊断CT不如MRI灵敏,但可与闪烁摄影媲美。我们对20例正常人(共27髋)进行了股骨头CT扫描作为对照,报告了13例(共15髋)股骨头无血坏死的CT所见并与X线平片分期进行了对照.正常股骨头内可见清晰的星芒征,在较低平面于股骨头内侧可见类似双环之现象。股骨头无血坏死时股骨头内星芒征分支融合成丛成簇,可有囊性变及股骨头骨折变形。CT发现骨折的灵敏度比平片高,因此可以提高疾病分期级别,有助于治疗方案的选择。     

A comparison of iopamidol and ioxaglate in CT enhancement

We evaluated the adverse reactions (AR) rate produced in patients to see if any difference related to the diferent chemotoxicities of two low-osmolality contrast media (CM), could be detected. We compared the AR rate intravenous administration for brain or body computed tomography (CT) enhancement of either the ionic CM ioxaglate 320 mgI/ml or the non-ionic iopamidol 300 mgI/ml at a dose of 0.8 gI/kg. Three hundred and thirty patients (164 ioxaglate, 166 iopamidol) were studied according to a randomized double-blind design. AR reported by the patients (subjective) and/or observed by the radiologist (objective) were recorded by the radiologist on the patients record card. Laboratory test were performed prior to and 24 h after contrast administration.Fifty-nine mild to moderate AR occurred in 30 patients (18.3%) receiving ioxaglate, 4 mild to moderate AR occurred in 2 patients (1.2%) receiving iopamidol (P < 0.05). No severe AR occurred in either group.The results of our study are comparative to the available evidence from 16 comparative randomized trials of iopamidol versus ioxaglate both after intraarterial and intravenous administration that gave an overall odds ratio of 3.9 [confidence interval (CI) 95% = 3.1–4.9].The diagnostic efficacy of the two CM was comparable. This study showed that the non-ionic CM iopamidol was better tolerated than the ionic ioxaglate after intravenous administration. We conclude that the chemotoxicity of the molecule influences the AR when CM with comparable osmolality are administered. Correspondence to: Carlo Del Favero     

Computerized axial tomography for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis

Summary Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) has proved extremely useful for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. The calcified small, multiple, and scattered cysts provide a typical image on CAT.The collection of non-calcified cysts in the subarachnoid spaces (racemose form) or in the ventricles may produce areas of low density similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid. The dilatation of the ventricular system, extreme degrees of hydrocephalus, areas of cerebral atrophy, and other related changes induced by the cysts in the subarachnoid spaces are also clearly shown in the CAT. Four personal cases are reported.     

腮腺肿瘤的CT诊断价值探讨

目的 评估CT对腮腺肿瘤鉴别诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的37例腮腺肿瘤的CT表现。结果 25例良性肿瘤，密度均匀、边界清楚者23例；密度不均、部分境界不清者2例。12例恶性肿瘤，11例密度不均，边界模糊；1例密度较均，境界清楚。CT对腮腺肿瘤的定位准确率100％，而对良恶性定性诊断符合率分别为良性组92％，恶性组91.7％。结论 CT对腮腺肿瘤定位、定性诊断，特别是区别良恶性肿瘤方面有较高的价值。病灶边缘模糊不清是诊断恶性肿瘤的一个重要征像。