糖尿病患者血清中IL-4、TNF-a的检测及分析

目的 探讨白介素４（ＩＬ－４）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－ａ）水平与糖尿病关系。方法 采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定５４例糖尿病患者及４０例健康人血清ＩＬ－４、ＴＮＦ－ａ含量。结果 糖尿病患者ＩＬ－４平均含量明显低于健康人（Ｐ〈０．０５）,且与血糖一负相关（ｒ＝－０．３４７,Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＴＮＦ－ａ含量略高于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论 糖尿病患者内存在细胞免疫功功能紊乱,自身免疫功能调节失衡影响糖尿病的发生     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清IL-6、TNF水平变化及其意义探讨

采用细胞生物学方法测定类风湿性关节炎（ Ｒ Ａ）１４ 例血清 Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 、 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 水平,均显著高于正常对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 。相关分析显示 Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 与 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 水平变化呈正相关（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） , Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 、 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 与血沉亦呈正相关（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。认为, Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 、 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 参与 Ｒ Ａ 的发病,两者在致病中有协同相同;其水平变化与 Ｒ Ａ 的活动性及血沉相关。     

Pentoxifylline reduces plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentration in premature infants with sepsis

Increased plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) concentration correlates with mortality in sepsis. We suggested that pentoxifylline (PTXF), which is known to inhibit TNF production, may improve survival and attenuate clinical symptoms of sepsis in neonates. Plasma TNF levels were evaluated in 29 newborn infants with sepsis. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, receiving PTXF in a dose of 5 mg/kg per hour for 6 h or placebo (saline), on 3 successive days. Both groups were subjected to the same conventional therapy. TNF was evaluated before and after PTXF or placebo administration on the 1 st and 3rd days of therapy. There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma TNF level in the PTXF group when the values before the first and after the last PTXF infusion were compared [mean: 671.5 pg/ml; SD: 438; med: 729.6 vs mean: 41.0 pg/ml; SD: 64.1; med: 11.5;P<0.000004]. In the placebo group, decrease was not significant [mean: 633.0 pg/ml SD: 488.6; med: 618.9 vs 246.9 pg/ml; SD: 243.9; med: 191.0]. A significantly higher plasma TNF level, evaluated after the last PTXF infusion, was found in the placebo group [246,9 pg/ml vs 41.0 pg/ml;P<0.001]. Only one of four infants with signs of shock in the placebo group survived, whereas all of five newborns with symptoms of shock in the PTXF group survived [P<0.04]. An increased incidence of metabolic acidosis [P<0.05], necrotizing enterocolitis [P<0.04] and renal insufficiency [P<0.05] was observed in infants in the placebo group.Conclusion PTXF inhibits production of TNF and may have therapeutic value in the treatment of premature infants with sepsis complicatea by shock.     

The possible role of TNF-α and IL-2 in inducing tumor-associated metabolic alterations

This study was conducted to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in inducing cancer cachexia, and the results were compared with those obtained from our previous study on Fisher 344 rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. Three groups of male Fisher 344 rats received one of the following regimens: 4×10⁴ IU of human recombinant TNF- per rat per day subcutaneously (sc) for 5 consecutive days (n=5), 3.5×10⁵ U human recombinant IL-2 per rat per day sc for 14 consecutive days (n=5), or normal saline (n=5). The activities of both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and malic enzyme (ME) were increased slightly in the IL-2 group. Furthermore, LPL activity was significantly increased in the adipose tissue of the TNF group and in the cardiac muscle of the IL-2 group, but not in that of the TNF group. These results show that there is a significant difference between the metabolic alterations seen in the tumor-bearing state and those induced by either TNF- or IL-2 alone. Thus, it is unlikely that IL-2 or TNF- is the sole mediator of cancer cachexia in this tumor and rat model.     

Apoptose bei multipler Sklerose Ätiopathogenetische Relevanz und Perspektiven für neue therapeutische Strategien

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological cell suicide program mainly leading to selective elimination of useless cells. This mechanism is important for the homeostasis of the immune system and presumably plays a two-sided role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). On the one hand, evidence has been provided that impaired apoptosis might result in increased numbers or persistence of activated myelin-specific T cells, thus inducing the pathophysiologic processes in MS. On the other hand, local tissue damage might involve apoptosis of glial and neuronal cells and lead to the clinical symptoms. Here, an overview is presented on the current knowledge of the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of MS, and implications for related therapeutic strategies are discussed.     

肝硬化患者一氧化氮、一氧化氮酶、肿瘤坏死因子、内皮素、内毒素水平的相关性研究

目的：探讨肝硬化患者血NO、TNF、ET与EPS的关系。方法：分别应用酶法和放射免疫分析法测定了84例肝硬化患者血NO、NOS、ET和EPS含量，并与35名正常健康人作对照。结果：肝硬化患者血NO、TNF、EPS含量高于正常人组（P＜0．05－0．01），ET水平低于正常人组（P＜0．01－0．01），且与内毒素含量的高低密切相关。结论：肝硬化患者血NO、TNF、ET水平的高低其内毒素为主要诱因。     

人His6-IFNγ/TNFβ(His6γ-TNFNβ)融合蛋白(包涵体)的分离、纯化与复性研究

应用pET28(含T_7lac启动子和His6-tag)质粒,将人γTNFβ融合基因与之组建成pETγLT表达质粒,并转化于E.coliBL21(DE3).本文对pETγLT/ BL21(DE3)工程菌的His6-γTNFβ重组产物进行了诱导表达,分离纯化的研究.结果表明,该工程菌用LB培养基在37℃扩增至OD_(590)为0.5左右,加IPTG(终浓度为1mmol/L)诱导5小时,此时His6-γTNFβ的表达量可占菌体总蛋白的45%.重组产物绝大多数以IBs形式存在于菌体中.工程菌经反复超声破碎、高速离心,得IBs粗制品后,再经含2mol/L脲的缓冲液洗涤可得到相对纯净的IBs.然后用7mol/L脲变性溶解IBs,离心取上清,进行Ni~(2 )-Sepharose 6B柱一步法亲和层析,可得到电泳纯度为95%的His6-γTNFβ,经稀释复性和用凝血酶切去His6-tag的产物,其细胞毒活性为(1.2～2.0)×10~7U/mgp,抗病毒活性为(6.0～6.6)×10~6U/map.     

肿瘤坏死因子受体-1在甲状腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子受体1(tumornercosisfactorreceptors1,TNFR1)在甲状腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床及病理因素的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法和显微图像分析技术检测41例甲状腺癌中TNFR1的表达,并与9例甲状腺腺瘤及7例腺瘤旁形态学正常的甲状腺组织作对照。结果:①甲状腺癌组织中TNFR1的表达水平显著高于腺瘤组及正常甲状腺组(P<0.001),而在甲状腺腺瘤和正常甲状腺组织中的表达水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②在甲状腺癌各临床病理参数中,TNFR1的表达只与病理类型有关,在乳头状癌组中的表达水平高于滤泡状癌组(P<0.05);而与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、浸润程度及淋巴结转移等因素无关(P>0.05)。结论:TNFR1参与了甲状腺癌的发生发展过程,可以作为甲状腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断的病理学指标之一,但不能作为评估甲状腺癌生物学行为和预后的有关指标。     

川芎嗪对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠血浆内皮素和肿瘤坏死因子的影响

目的观察川芎嗪对慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)大鼠血浆内皮素(ET)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)含量的影响.方法用腺嘌呤灌胃建立CRF大鼠模型,并予川芎嗪注射液灌胃;测定接受川芎嗪的CRF大鼠、未接受药物治疗的CRF大鼠与正常大鼠的血浆ET及TNF水平.结果接受川芎嗪的CRF大鼠血浆ET、TNF明显低于未接受药物治疗的CRF大鼠.结论川芎嗪对CRF大鼠血浆ET及TNF有明显降低作用,川芎嗪可能是ET及TNF有效的中药拮抗剂.     

Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.

Aim

To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.

Methods

Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.

Result

Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC₅₀ of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.

Conclusion

The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.