红背叶中酚酸类成分研究

为了研究红背叶的化学成分,采用硅胶、ODS、MCI以及Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法从红背叶根95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个酚酸类成分,根据化合物的波谱数据分别鉴定为没食子酸-7-O-β-(6’-O-香草酰基)-葡萄糖苷(1)、没食子酸(2)、没食子酸乙酯(3)、丁香酸(4)、丁香酸葡萄糖苷(5)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、3,4-二甲氧基苯酚-1-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-1-O-β-D-(6’-O-没食子酰基)-葡萄糖苷(8)。其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物4～8为首次从山麻杆属植物中分离得到,其余化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Glucuronidation as a mechanism of intrinsic drug resistance in colon cancer cells: contribution of drug transport proteins

We have recently shown that drug conjugation catalysed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) functions as an intrinsic mechanism of resistance to the topoisomerase I inhibitors 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and NU/ICRF 505 in human colon cancer cells and now report on the role of drug transport in this mechanism. The ability of transport proteins to recognise NU/ICRF 505 as a substrate was evaluated in model systems either transfected with breast cancer-resistance protein 1 (Bcrp1), multidrug-resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) or Mrp3, or overexpressing MRP1 or P-170 glycoprotein. Results from chemosensitivity assays suggested that NU/ICRF 505 was not a substrate for any of the above proteins. In drug accumulation studies in human colon cancer cell lines NU/ICRF 505 was taken up avidly and retained in cells lacking UGTs (HCT116), whereas, following equally rapid uptake, it was cleared rapidly from cells displaying UGT activity (HT29) as glucuronide metabolites. HT29 cells were shown to express MRP1 and 3, but not P-170 glycoprotein, MRP2 or breast cancer-resistance protein. The major glucuronide of NU/ICRF 505 inhibited ATP-dependent transport of estradiol 17-beta-glucuronide in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles containing MRP1 or MRP3, while co-incubation of HT29 cells with the MRP antagonist, MK571, significantly restored intracellular concentrations of NU/ICRF 505. These data lead us to conclude that the presence of a glucuronide transporter is essential for glucuronidation to represent a major de novo resistance mechanism and that UGTs will contribute more as a primary resistance mechanism when the parent drug (e.g. NU/ICRF 505) is not itself recognised by transport proteins.     

甲基肼及氯化汞对大鼠的急性肾损伤

大鼠ip甲基肼(MMH)25mg/kg及60mg/kg;sc HgCl_2 0.5 mg/kg及5mg/kg后不同时间测定尿中酶活性及蛋白质含量和组分的变化。结果表明MMH两种剂量对尿中NAG、LDH及ALP均无明显影响,但尿蛋白排泄明显增加及SDS-PAGE图谱明显改变。血液学检查表明血管内无溶血。HgCl_2 0.5mg/kg对尿中NAG,LDH及ALP无明显影响,5mg/kg时尿中这三种酶活性均明显升高。两种剂量均引起尿蛋白排泄增加,SDS-PAGE图谱明显改变。     

β-细辛醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的了解石菖蒲主要成分β-细辛醚的药代动力学特征。方法以HPLC法测定ig大鼠血清和各器官（脑、心、肺、肾、肝）中β-细辛醚的浓度，把器官当作相对独立的系统，用DAS软件进行药代动力学分析。结果β-细辛醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程属一级一室动力学模型，血清半衰期为54 min；达峰时间12 min；达峰浓度3.19 mg·L^-1。各器官与血清有相似的动力学过程。结论β-细辛醚在体内吸收、分布、代谢较迅速，极易透过血脑屏障，大脑是重要的分布器官。     

Suppression of receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and functional leukocyte responses by hyperforin

We have recently identified hyperforin, a lipophilic constituent of the herb Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), as a dual inhibitor of the proinflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate antiinflammatory properties and respective targets of hyperforin. We found that hyperforin inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the release of leukocyte elastase (degranulation) in human isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), challenged by the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) with an IC 50 approximately equal 0.3 microM. When PMNL were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or ionomycin, hyperforin (up to 10 microM) failed to inhibit ROS production and elastase release, respectively. Moreover, hyperforin blocked receptor-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization ( IC 50 approximately equal 0.4 and 4 microM, respectively) in PMNL and monocytic cells, and caused a rapid decline of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in resting cells. In contrast, the Ca(2+) influx induced by ionomycin or thapsigargin was not suppressed. Comparative studies with the specific phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 and hyperforin revealed similarities between both compounds. Thus, U-73122 and hyperforin blocked fMLP- and PAF-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, ROS formation, and elastase release, but failed to suppress these responses when cells were stimulated by PMA or ionomycin. Also, both compounds rapidly decreased basal Ca(2+) levels in resting cells and led to a rapid decline of the Ca(2+) elevations evoked by fMLP or PAF. Our data suggest that hyperforin targets component(s) within G protein signaling cascades that regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis, coupled to proinflammatory leukocyte functions.     

Both A chain and B chain of beta-bungarotoxin are functionally involved in the facilitation of spontaneous transmitter release in Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures.

In the present study, Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures were used to explore the functional roles of A chain (a phospholipase A(2) subunit) and B chain (a non-phospholipase A(2) subunit) of Bungarus multicinctus beta-bungarotoxin. It was found that beta-bungarotoxin induced an increment of the frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) in the nerve-muscle cultures. Modification of beta-bungarotoxin with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate or substitution of Ca(2+) with Ba(2+) in buffer abolished the phospholipase A(2) activity of beta-bungarotoxin and the facilitatory phase of SSC as well. Antibodies that were directed specifically against A chain or B chain effectively inhibited phospholipase A(2) activity, and as a consequence the SSC frequency was not greatly different from the control rate. These results suggest that both A and B chains are indispensable parts of beta-bungarotoxin for inducing the facilitation of SSC frequency with Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures.     

2009～2011年杭州地区医院β-内酰胺类抗菌药物用药分析

目的:了解医院杭州地区β-内酰胺类抗菌药物使用现状,分析用药特点及趋势。方法:根据杭州地区11家三甲医院和9家二甲医院2009～2011年的用药数据,统计及分析β-内酰胺类抗菌药物使用的品种、数量、金额及用药频度。结果:杭州地区20家医院三年来β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的品种类别及数目变化甚小,购药总金额呈逐年上升趋势,2011年首次达到9.2亿元,但其购药金额占抗菌药物总金额及占总购药金额百分比显著下降。从购药金额和用药频度(DDDs)来看,以头孢菌素类使用最为广泛,其次是青霉素类。2011年杭州地区医院β-内酰胺类抗菌药物用药排名前五位的分别是头孢呋辛、头孢克洛、头孢地尼、头孢克肟、头孢丙烯。结论:杭州地区医院β-内酰胺类药物使用情况受抗菌药物管理政策的影响明显,为控制抗菌药物的滥用,应进一步加强管理,使抗菌药物临床使用向着安全、有效、经济的方向发展。     

UPLC测定黄蒲通窍胶囊中β-细辛醚含量

目的建立快速测定黄蒲通窍胶囊中β-细辛醚含量的方法。方法采用超高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm）,流动相为水-乙腈（63∶37）,流速0.35 mL/min,检测波长257 nm,柱温30℃。结果β-细辛醚在0.0343～0.1715μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均加样回收率为98.53%,RSD=2.10%（n=6）。结论所建立的方法快速、简便、易行,结果准确可靠,可作为黄蒲通窍胶囊的质量控制方法。     

止消通脉宁对转化生长因子-β_1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及纤连蛋白mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨止消通脉宁含药血清对转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）、Ⅲ型胶原（ColⅢ）和纤连蛋白（FN）mRNA表达的影响。方法将HK-2细胞用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12（1∶1）培养基培养,分为空白对照组、TGF-β1诱导组（TGF-β110 ng/mL）、空白血清对照组（TGF-β110 ng/mL＋10%空白血清）、干预1组（TGF-β110 ng/mL＋10%低剂量止消通脉宁含药血清）、干预2组（TGF-β110 ng/mL＋10%中剂量止消通脉宁含药血清）、干预3组（TGF-β110 ng/mL＋10%高剂量止消通脉宁含药血清）。药物干预24 h后,荧光定量PCR检测ColⅠ、ColⅢ和FN的mRNA表达。结果 HK-2细胞经TGF-β1诱导后,ColⅠ、ColⅢ和FN的mRNA表达显著上升,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经止消通脉宁含药血清干预后,其表达逐步下降,与单纯TGF-β1诱导组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。空白血清无此作用。结论止消通脉宁在一定程度上能够抑制TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞ColⅠ、ColⅢ和FN的mRNA表达,减少细胞外基质成分的分泌,具有防治肾间质纤维化作用。