防己黄芪汤对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织TGF-β1、BMP-7的影响

目的：研究防己黄芪汤对肾组织转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、骨形态发生蛋白-7（BMP-7）影响,进一步探讨其祛风化湿的作用机制。方法：采用大鼠单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）模型,予防己黄芪汤低、中、高剂量干预,设蒙诺对照组。肾组织切片染色观察病理,免疫组织化学方法、逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测TGF-β1、BMP-7蛋白及基因表达水平。结果：防己黄芪汤干预组大鼠的肾间质纤维化有所改善,与模型组比较,其肾组织TGF-β1表达下降、BMP-7表达上调。结论：防己黄芪汤下调UUO大鼠肾组织TGF-β1、上调BMP-7的表达,可能是其改善肾间质纤维化、发挥祛风化湿作用的机制之一。     

大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞体外增殖研究

目的:探讨通过优化细胞培养体系,实现Leydig细胞的体外增殖培养。方法:联合应用胶原酶消化、不锈钢滤网过滤及差速贴壁法获得3周龄雄性Wistar大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,贴壁细胞以DMEM/F12培养液及优化培养体系培养,MTT法、细胞计数法检测培养细胞的增殖能力;分别对原代培养2h、4d细胞进行3β-HSD免疫化学染色及流式细胞术分析,检测细胞成分,同时检测培养细胞睾酮在hCG刺激下分泌能力变化。结果:优化培养体系能够明显促进3周龄大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖,群体倍增时间为(2.26±0.31)d,传统培养体系培养细胞群体倍增时间为(16.32±2.14)d,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05);原代细胞经流式细胞术鉴定,3β-HSD阳性细胞所占比例分别为(54.3±7.1)%,培养4d后,增殖细胞3β-HSD阳性细胞率为(93.6±4.6)%。增殖细胞均有睾酮生成功能,在hCG刺激下睾酮分泌均明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:优化培养体系能够促进差速贴壁法获得的睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖。     

Intravenous landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in women

Study Objective

To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β₁-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.

Design

Prospective, randomized study.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.

Interventions

Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.

Measurements

MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.

Main Results

The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).

Conclusions

IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%.     

纳洛酮对颅脑肿瘤显微手术后血β-内啡肽和内皮素的影响

目的探讨纳洛酮对颅脑肿瘤显微手术后血β-内啡肽（β-erdorphin,β-EP）和内皮素（Endothelin,ET）的影响。方法对颅脑肿瘤显微手术后的100例患者按手术次序分治疗组和对照组各50例。两组病例术后均进行常规治疗,治疗组术后加用纳洛酮。采用放射免疫法测定两组患者血β-EP和ET。结果治疗组和对照组术后即刻血βEP、ET值均较术前有所上升,两组相比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,之后血β-EP、ET均渐下降,但治疗组下降程度较快,术后第二天即接近术前水平,与对照组比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论颅脑肿瘤显微手术后早期大剂量应用纳洛酮能明显降低患者术后血β-EP、ET的值,从而减轻了由于内源性阿片肽及ET异常升高所致的继发性脑损害。     

转化生长因子-β和碱性成纤维细胞因子在儿童原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化肾组织中的表达

目的：通过检测转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）在儿童原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）肾组织中的表达情况,并分析其与肾小管间质病理变化的关系,以了解TGF-β与bFGF在原发性FSGS发生发展中的作用。方法：选择肾活检明确诊断为原发性FSGS患儿的肾组织共43例,其中不伴有肾小管间质病变的FSGS肾组织共16例,设为实验1组;伴有肾小管间质病变的FSGS肾组织共27例,为实验2组。另将同期因孤立性血尿入院肾活检证实为非FSGS、病理改变较轻的肾组织作为对照组,共17例。采用免疫组化法检测细胞/生长因子TGF-β、bFGF在各组中的表达。通过方差分析（ANOVA）和相关分析法分析细胞/生长因子的表达与FSGS肾组织病理变化的关系以及细胞/生长因子之间的相互作用关系。结果：TGF-β、bFGF在各组肾组织中均有表达,表达量在对照组、实验1组和实验2组中依次升高,各组间的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且TGF-β和bFGF的表达与肾小管间质指数呈正相关,相关系数依次为0.763和0.661。此外,TGF-β和bFGF两者的表达量经相关分析也显示呈正相关,相关系数为0.587。结论：TGF-β和bFGF在原发性FSGS患儿肾组织中高表达;随着FSGS的发展,它们在肾组织中表达量不断增加,促使肾小管间质向纤维化发展,而且两者在促进肾脏纤维化具有一定的协同作用。     

17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜异位症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的研究17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在介导雌激素促进内异症发生发展的作用。方法体外分离培养内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞。用不同浓度17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞48 h;此后选用10-10mol/L 17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞12、24和48 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测17β-E2处理前后子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。同法分析雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780(10-6mol/L)对17β-E2促进β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。免疫组织化学染色观察17β-E2作用后β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞中的定位。结果17β-E2能明显促进内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达,并呈剂量和时间依赖性,于10-10mol/L作用48 h最明显。雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780能明显抑制17β-E2对子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达。免疫组织化学染色发现17β-E2能促进β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞核内的表达。结论雌激素可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进内异症在位子宫内膜的异位种植。     

Rapid closure of midgestational excisional wounds in a fetal mouse model is associated with altered transforming growth factor-β isoform and receptor expression

Background

Many pediatric diseases are characterized by excessive tissue contraction. Because of a poor understanding of contraction, few therapies exist. We developed a murine fetal excisional wound model of contraction and theorize that wound closure is associated with changes in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression.

Methods

Pregnant FVB mice underwent hysterotomy at midgestational (E15) or late-gestational (E18) ages. Three-millimeter excisional wounds were made in fetuses and harvested at 32 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TβR-1, and TβR-2 in wounds and normal skin and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Data were analyzed by paired t test (P < .05). H&E staining of wounds was performed.

Results

E15 wounds (80.5% ± 4.4%) were smaller than E18 wounds (10.4% ± 10.5%; P < .001) at 32 hours. E15 wounds expressed higher levels of TGF-β1 compared with normal skin (P = .001). TβR-2 levels were elevated in E15 and E18 wounds compared with their respective normal skin (P = .02, P = .01) and in E18 normal skin compared with E15 normal skin (P = .002).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that rapid midgestational wound closure in a murine model is associated with increased TGF-β1 and TβR-2 expression. Elucidating the role of the TGF-β pathways may lead to an improved understanding of wound contraction.     

JC病毒大T抗原及β-catenin在结直肠腺癌中的表达

目的研究JC病毒(JCV)基因编码产物大T抗原(large tumor antigen,T-Ag)的表达及β-catenin(β-连接素)蛋白表达与结直肠腺癌发生发展的关系。方法采用RT-PCR法检测65例结直肠腺癌和20例非肿瘤结直肠黏膜中JCV T-Ag、β-catenin蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床特性及生物学特性之间的相关性。结果在结直肠腺癌中JCV T-Ag和β-catenin阳性表达较正常组织明显升高(P0.05)。在癌组织中,JCV的表达与组织分化程度及淋巴结转移无明显的相关。β-catenin的表达与组织分化程度及淋巴结转移有明显相关(P0.05)。结论 JCV T-Ag早期基因编码产物大T抗原在结直肠腺癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。β-catenin可以反应肿瘤的侵袭性,为评估肿瘤的预后提供参考。     

Association between transforming growth factor-β1gene-509C/T polymorphism and susceptibility of IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis

A role for transforming growth factor-β₁gene has been suggested in the etiology of IgA nephropathy. However, results have been inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to further clarify the association between transforming growth factor-β₁-509C/T gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP Data were searched for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. A total of eight publications involving 1355 IgA nephropathy patients and 1464 controls met the inclusion and were analyzed. The pooled ORs for the association between TGF-β₁gene-509C/T polymorphism and IgA nephropathy risk were not statistically significant under all genetic models (for CT+TT vs. CC: OR?=?1.09; 95% CI?=?0.92–1.29, p?=?0.490; for TT vs. CT+CC: OR?=?1.14; 95% CI?=?0.94–1.38, p?=?0.081; for CC vs. TT: OR?=?0.87; 95% CI?=?0.69–1.08, p?=?0.195; for C allele vs. T allele: OR?=?0.92; 95% CI?=?0.83–1.03, p?=?0.149). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, results also showed no significant association between TGF-β₁ gene-509C/T polymorphism and IgA nephropathy risk in both European and Asian populations. This meta-analysis does not support the hypothesis that TGF-β₁ gene-509C/T polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of IgA nephropathy.     

Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma

Phaeochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours arising from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. These tumours may be identified incidentally, as part of a workup for multiple endocrine neoplasia or during unrelated surgery. Better understanding of catecholamine physiology and advances in preoperative preparation has significantly reduced surgical mortality from around 40% to less than 3%. Surgery is the definitive treatment in most cases and laparoscopic resection is associated with reduced hospital stay and earlier mobilisation. Phaeochromocytomas are of particular interest to anaesthetists as it presents a unique haemodynamic challenge both before and after adrenal resection. In this article we describe the physiology of these tumours, their diagnosis and perioperative management.