帕利哌酮缓释片联合选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗难治性强迫障碍疗效观察

目的探讨帕利哌酮缓释片作为增效剂治疗难治性强迫障碍的疗效和耐受性。方法将59例难治性强迫症患者随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组29例,给予帕利哌酮缓释片(3~6 mg)联合选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs);对照组30例,单用SSRIs。疗程为8周。在治疗前与治疗后4、8周末,采用耶鲁-布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果治疗第8周末,研究组和对照组的有效率分别为89.66%和46.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组Y-BOCS评分为12.86±5.36,较治疗前(27.28±4.72)显著改善,且明显低于对照组(21.47±5.98),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组不良反应程度均较轻微,TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小剂量帕利哌酮缓释片联合SSRIs治疗难治性强迫症较单用SSRIs有效,且安全性相当。     

Comparative susceptibility to permethrin of two Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Southern Benin,regarding mosquito sex,physiological status,and mosquito age

ObjectiveTo investigate what kind of mosquito sample is necessary for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors.MethodsLarvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (An. gambiae) mosquitoes were collected from the breeding sites in Littoral and Oueme departments. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) susceptibility tests were conducted on unfed male and female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days old. CDC susceptibility tests were also conducted on unfed, blood fed and gravid female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days old. These susceptibility tests were also conducted on unfed and blood fed female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days old and 20 days old. CDC biochemical assay using synergist was also carried out to detect any increase in the activity of enzyme typically involved in insecticide metabolism.ResultsFemale An. gambiae Ladji and Sekandji populations were more susceptible than the males when they were unfed and aged 2-5 days old. The mortality rates of blood fed female An. gambiae Ladji and Sekandji populations aged 2-5 days old were lower than those obtained when females were unfed. In addition, the mortality rates of gravid female An. gambiae Ladji and Sekandji populations aged 2-5 days old were lower than those obtained when they were unfed. The mortality rate obtained when female An. gambiae Sekandji populations were unfed and aged 20 days old was higher than the one obtained when these populations were unfed and aged 2-5 days old. The results obtained after effects of synergist penicillin in beeswax on F1 progeny of An. gambiae Ladji populations resistant to permethrin showed that mono-oxygenases were involved in permethrin resistant F1 progeny from Ladji.ConclusionsThe resistance is a hereditary and dynamic phenomenon which can be due to metabolic mechanisms like overproduction of detoxifying enzymes activity. Many factors influence vector susceptibility to insecticide. Among these factors, there are mosquito sex, mosquito age, its physiological status. Therefore, it is useful to respect the World Health Organization criteria in the assessment of insecticide susceptibility tests in malaria vectors. Otherwise, susceptibility testing is conducted using unfed female mosquitoes aged 3-5 days old. Tests should also be carried out at (25±2) °C and (80±10)% relative humidity.     

增效胺应用于几种卫生害虫对某些杀虫剂的增效作用

本文就MGK 2C4应用于淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小鳙对拟除虫菊酯类二氯苯醚菊酯、胺菊酯、右旋反式丙烯菊酯(EBT)、苄呋菊酯,氨基甲酸酯类残杀威以及有机磷类马拉硫磷等杀虫剂的增效作用进行了研究。结果表明,MGK 264和二氯笨醚菊酯(1:1)、苄呋菊酯(1:1)、马拉硫磷(10:1)混用时,对抗苄呋菊酯淡色库蚊幼虫的增效比分别为2.3、2.4和3.8:其与二氯苯醚菊酯(5:1)、胺菊酯(1:1)混用时,对抗苄呋菊酯淡色库蚊成虫的增效比为2.0和1.5;其与二氯苯醚菊酯(3:1)、胺菊酯(1:1)、残杀威(3:1)混用时,对德国小蠊的增效比分别为1.8.1.6和2.0;其与二氯苯醚菊酯等杀虫剂混用(1:1),对抗有机磷淡色库蚊幼虫无增效作用;其与EBT(3:1)混用,对家蝇的增效比为1.5。总的来看,MGK 264对残杀威杀灭德国小蠊效果尤佳。     

电热固液蚊香的研制与应用

燃点式蚊香有明火、灰尘及刺激性;电热片蚊香需每天换片且使用后期药效明显下降;电热液体蚊香药液挥发不均而影响防效且易外溢,新研制的电热固液蚊香弥补了上述不足,其常温下呈固态,便于保存及运输;每小盒药剂可连续使用10天左右,(每天以10h计)。其击倒速度快,药效稳定;经不同地区不同蚊虫的测试,使用1—100h,其KT_(50)不超过5分钟。且成本低廉,使用方便安全,是一种理想的防蚊药剂。     

杭州市区德国小蠊抗药性及增效剂的作用

了解德国小蠊敏感品系（S）和4个杭州品系（ZAU、JC、DH和HZ）对二氯苯醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和残杀威5种药剂的敏感性。方法：采用点滴法进行测定。结果：杭州市区德国小蠊品系对供试的3种拟除虫菊酯类药剂已产生抗药性，以二氯苯醚菊酯的抗药性尤为突出，4个杭州品系对该杀虫剂的抗性系数分别为敏感品系的36．6、59．4、38．6和67．1倍；对毒死蜱和残杀威的抗性系数分别是敏感品系的2．2、2．4、2．1和2．0倍以及8．1、5．4、5．3和4．5倍。对德国小蠊HZ品系，分别用氧化胡椒基丁醚（PB）、三磷酸苯酯（TPP）和顺丁烯酸二乙酯（DEM）3种抑制剂，测定对二氯苯醚菊酯的增效作用。活体增效作用研究表明，三种增效剂对HZ种群可分别增效3．69、1．76和1．16倍。结论：HZ品系抗性可能涉及多功能氧化酶（MFO）和羧酸酯酶（CarE）的变化，但与谷胱甘转移酶（GST）的关系可能不大。     

Characteristics of reflex excitation in close Synergist muscles evoked by muscle vibration

Summary The tonic vibration reflex evoked in the vibrated medial gastrocnemius muscle was compared with that induced simultaneously in an unvibrated close Synergist, the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, in the unanesthetized decerebrated cat. The time course of the force rise and fall in the synergist muscle was found to be markedly different from that produced in the vibrated muscle. In addition the magnitude of force produced in the synergist was only weakly modulated with increasing vibration frequency, in that the synergist uniformly displayed much flatter force-frequency relations than the vibrated muscle, and even showed overt force saturation in several preparations. Comparable differences in reflex responses arose when the lateral gastrocnemius was directly vibrated, and the medial gastrocnemius served as the unvibrated synergist. In a parallel series of experiments, low intensity electrical stimulation of the proximal end of the sectioned medial gastrocnemius muscle nerve at different frequencies weakly modulated the amount of reflex force induced in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle. High frequency electrical stimulation caused the synergist force to saturate in a similar way to that seen in the vibrated preparations. A variety of possible mechanisms are discussed, with particular emphasis on bistable properties of motoneurons and Ia excitatory interneuronal contributions.Supported by NIH grants no 1 PO1NS17489 and NS21180 (WZR)     

Efficacy of amiodarone and voriconazole combination therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis in the mice experimentally infected with Leishmania major

IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo efficacy of combination therapy of amiodarone and voriconazole against Leishmania major and investigating immune and wound healing responses of cutaneous leishmaniasis to this combination therapy.Methods: For in vitro study, replication of L. major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were investigated in the presence and absence of amiodarone and voriconazole. Isobologram construction and calculation of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) were performed. After the appearance of ulcers on the base of tails of BALB/c mice, treatment was initiated by a combination of amiodarone at 40 mg/kg plus voriconazole at 30 mg/kg orally and glucantime at 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days.Results: According to the concave isobologram and fractional inhibitory concentration <1, combination of amiodarone plus voriconazole had synergistic effects against L. major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. There were less inflammatory cells, more fibroblasts and more collagen deposition in tissue sections in the mice treated with combined drugs compared to the vehicle and untreated mice. Increased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased malondialdehyde, Interleukin-6, and Tumor necrosis factor-α levels were detected in the combination therapy group in comparison to the vehicle and untreated groups.Conclusions: It seems a combination of amiodarone plus voriconazole can be a rational and promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.     

微生物来源的Azole类抗真菌活性增强剂——FKI-0076A、B和C的研究

FKI-0076A、B和C是从真菌培养液中筛选Azole类抗真菌活性增强剂过程中获得的．每6ram纸片10μg FKI-0076A、B或1．Oμg FKI-0076C就显示增强活性。真菌Talaromyces sp．FKI-0076培养5d后．经有机溶媒提取,常压ODS柱层析和制备HPLC柱层析分离．得到FKI-0076A、B和C纯品。又经过测定其HR-MS、UV、IR、^1H-NMR、^13C-NMR、DEPT、^1H-^3H COSY、HMQC和HMBC等光谱数据。将FKI-0076A的结构定为BK223-A．FKI-0076B的结构定为vermistatin．FKI-0076C的结构定为deoxyfunicone。