先天性心脏病对儿童心理行为的影响

目的 研究先天性心脏病对儿童心理行为的影响,并对照研究介入治疗与外科手术对先天性心脏病患儿术后心理行为的影响. 方法 采用徐韬园1992年修订的Achenbach儿童行为量表对232例先天性心脏病患儿进行心理行为检测. 结果 先天性心脏病儿童心理行为异常检出率显著高于对照组.先天性心脏病各组患儿心理行为总粗分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),先天性心脏病患儿心理行为粗分均值亦高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).男孩主要表现在抑郁、交往不良、体诉(各种躯体不适的反应)、社会退缩、违纪及攻击方面,女孩主要表现在抑郁、社会退缩、体诉、违纪方面.术后测试,男、女两治疗组心理行为总粗分分别显著低于治疗前(P＜0.01).介入组男孩术后总粗分及攻击行为粗分分别低于外科组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),介入组女孩术后心理行为总粗分及抑郁、社会退缩和违纪行为粗分分别低于外科组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心理行为因子异常检出率与病程呈正相关,病程越长检出率越高. 结论 先天性心脏病患儿存在着明显的心理行为问题,应引起重视.早期治疗以及采用介入治疗方式可较明显改善先天性心脏病患儿的心理行为状况.     

Surgical risk for patients with Chagasic achalasia and its correlation with the degree of esophageal dilation

AIM: To analyze the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with indication for surgical treatment of Chagasic esophageal achalasia and to correlate the surgical risks with the degree of esophageal dilation, thereby proposing a risk scale index. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four patients with Chagasic esophageal achalasia, who received surgical treatment at the Hospital das Clinicas of the Federal University of Goias, were included in this study. The patients were mostly related to the postoperative complications due to the cardiovascular system. All the patients were submitted to: (1) clinical history to define the cardiac functional class (New York Heart Association); (2) conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest; and (3) contrast imaging of the esophagus to determine esophageal dilatation according to Rezende's classification of Chagasic megaesophagus. RESULTS: An assessment of the functional classification (FC) of heart failure during the preoperative period determined that 67 patients (54.03%) were assigned functional class I (FC I), 46 patients (37.09%) were assigned functional class II (FC II), and 11 patients (8.87%) were assigned functional class III (FC III). None of the patients were assigned to functional class IV (FC IV). There was a positive correlation between the functional class and the postoperative complications (FC IXFC II: P<0.001; FC IXFC III: P<0.001). The ECG was normal in 44 patients (35.48%) and presented abnormalities in 80 patients (64.52%). There was a significant statistical correlation between abnormal ECG (arrhythmias and primary change in ventricular repolarization) and postoperative complications (P<0.001). With regard to the classification of the Chagasic esophageal achalasia, the following distribution was observed: group II, 53 patients (42.74%); group III, 37 patients (29.83%); and group IV, 34 patients (27.41%). There was a positive correlation between the degree of esophageal dilation and the increase in postoperative complications (grade IIXgrade III achalasia: P<0.001; grade IIXgrade IV achalasia: P<0.001; and grade IIIXgrade IV achalasia: P = 0.017). Analyzing these results and using a multivariate regression analysis associated with the probability decision analysis, a risk scale was proposed as follows: up to 21 points (mild risk); from 22 to 34 points (moderate risk); and more than 34 points (high risk). The scale had 82.4% accuracy for mild risk patients and up to 94.6% for the high risk cases. CONCLUSION: The preoperative evaluation of the cardiovascular system, through a careful anamnesis, an ECG and contrast imaging of the esophagus, makes possible to estimate the surgical risks for Chagas' disease patients who have to undergo surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia.     

Transmural atrial pacing in patients with postoperative congenital heart disease

INTRODUCTION: Some patients with postoperative congenital heart disease require permanent cardiac pacing, but the use of transvenous or epicardial pacing leads may be limited by type of cardiac malformation, venous connections, body size, or fibrosis. Transmural atrial pacing may provide an alternative in difficult patients, but to date has been described in only a few articles with small patient numbers, and data from lead performance are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: Records were reviewed in 18 consecutive patients (4 months to 21 years old) with postoperative congenital heart disease receiving transmural atrial pacing leads from July 1994 to December 1996. Implantation materials and techniques were described. Lead sensing and capture thresholds obtained acutely and during short-term follow-up (mean: 11.0 months) were evaluated, and comparisons were made between patients with postoperative Fontan anatomy and non-Fontan patients, and between patients receiving steroid-eluting and nonsteroid leads. Overall, the median acute sensing and capture thresholds of transmural leads were 4.1 m V and 0.7 V at 0.5 msec, respectively. Median follow-up thresholds were 2.8 m V and 0.8 V, respectively. Performance of leads in Fontan patients was similar to those in non-Fontan patients. Steroid-eluting leads had a chronic capture threshold of 0.6 V versus 0.9 V for nonsteroid leads (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Transmural atrial pacing leads were successfully implanted in patients with diverse ages and types of postoperative congenital heart disease. Lead performance was acceptable both acutely and during the first year of follow-up.     

先天性巨结肠根治术后医源性直肠阴道瘘的再手术治疗CSCD

Objective To explore the causes of iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula after pull-through in Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) and summarize the experiences and efficacies of reoperation. Methods From December 2007 to December 2020 , retrospective review was conducted for clinical data of 6 HD children with iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula after pull-through. The surgical procedures for repairing rectovaginal fistula included transabdominal and transanal Soave , transperineal or transanal surgery. Results A total of six girls were included. Clinical manifestation was vaginal excretion. Injuries occurred in initial surgery (n =4) and during redo pull-through (n =2). The reasons for re-operation were postoperative abdominal hemorrhage and aganglionic segment residue. Rectovaginal fistula with anastomotic retraction and stenosis were successfully repaired by transabdominal and transanal Soave procedure in single time(n =4). The remaining two cases underwent simple local repair of rectovaginal fistula , including fistula closure after anal repair twice (n =1) and failed closure after five local (perineal/anal) repairs (n =1). Conclusion Rectovaginal fistula after pull-through in HD is a serious iatrogenic injury. It should be separated close to rectal submucosa/rectal wall to avoid vaginal injury. Transabdominal and transanal Soave procedure has a high success rate for repairing rectovaginal fistula and managing anastomotic retraction and stenosis. © 2022, Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻是尿路梗阻中最常见的先天性畸形, 常常导致小儿肾积水。近年来, 达芬奇机器人手术系统的运用逐步成为热点, 具有操作灵活、手术精准度高等优势, 保证了手术的安全性、准确性以及疗效, 从而在小儿泌尿外科中的应用日渐广泛。本文就运用机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展进行综述。     

基因芯片与线性探针技术检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB耐药性的价值

目的 评价基因芯片技术与线性探针技术(GenoType MTBDRplus)快速检测MTB耐药性的临床应用价值。方法 选取西安市胸科医院2017年4月至2018年8月住院治疗的493例涂阳肺结核患者作为研究对象,收集其痰标本,痰标本量均不少于2ml。每例患者用同一份痰标本分别进行基因芯片检测、线性探针检测和BACTEC MGIT 960液体培养(简称“MGIT 960液体培养”),同时对培养阳性且鉴定为MTB的临床分离株进行MGIT 960液体药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”)。以MGIT 960液体药敏试验结果为参照标准,分析基因芯片技术及线性探针技术检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平和异烟肼耐药性的效能。结果 454例研究对象同时具有3种药敏试验检测结果。以MGIT 960液体药敏试验结果为参照标准,基因芯片法和线性探针法检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平耐药性的敏感度、特异度、Kappa值分别为89.0%(65/73)、96.1%(366/381)、0.82和90.4%(66/73)、96.1%(366/381)、0.83;检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB异烟肼耐药性的敏感度、特异度、Kappa值分别为80.2%(93/116)、96.7%(327/338)、0.80和81.9%(95/116)、97.0%(328/338)、0.82。454例涂阳肺结核患者痰标本中,453例应用2种分子生物学检测方法检测MTB利福平耐药性结果相同,符合率为99.8%;445例应用2种分子生物学方法检测MTB异烟肼耐药性结果相同,符合率为98.0%。结论 基因芯片技术和线性探针技术(GenoType MTBDRplus)检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平和异烟肼耐药性与MGIT 960液体药敏试验具有较高的一致性,二者均可为临床提供快速、特异的耐药检测结果。     

室间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压外科疗效的多因素分析

目的:总结室间隔缺损(VSD)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)的外科治疗疗效及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析和随访62例VSD伴重度PH患者的诊治和预后情况,并对多种影响因素进行t检验及多元线性回归分析。结果:本组住院死亡6例,占9.6％;随访8个月～7年,1、3、5年生存率分别为96.4％、91.1％、80.4％;对多种相关因素进行t检验及多元线性回归分析,提示年龄,VSD的大小、位置,肺/体平均动脉压比值(Pp/Ps)>0.95与否,心功能,术后6个月肺动脉压/手术前肺动脉压>0.75与否,围术期综合性降肺动脉压处理,手术后定期应用前列腺素E1(PGE1)等与生存期有明显相关性。结论:明确VSD的位置,围术期综合性降肺动脉压处理不仅对选择手术时机有指导意义,而且可以降低手术死亡率,手术后定期应用PGE1可提高生存率。     

舒芬太尼靶控输注对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者麻醉效果的影响

目的:比较不同效应室浓度的舒芬太尼靶控输注对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)患者麻醉效果的影响。方法:42例择期OPCAB的患者随机分为3组,分别在术中使用0.4ng/mL(组Ⅰ)、0.6ng/mL(组Ⅱ)和0.8ng/mL(组Ⅲ)固定效应室浓度的舒芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉。观察患者术中血流动力学及脑电双频普指数(BIS)值,记录术中舒芬太尼、丙泊酚、多巴胺用量,术后恢复时间及围手术期心肌酶谱[肌酸激酶(CK)与肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]。结果:3组患者术中都能维持满意的血流动力学。术中丙泊酚、多巴胺的用量,术后恢复时间和围手术期心肌酶谱差异无显著性(P>0.05)。但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组患者舒芬太尼用量多于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组患者心脏指数(CI)在手术开始时低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),心率(HR)自搭桥开始后增快(与搭桥前比较P<0.01),Ⅰ组患者术中BIS值高于Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论:采用0.4ng/mL、0.6ng/mL或0.8ng/mL固定效应室浓度的舒芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉对OPCAB患者术中均可以维持满意的血流动力学,但0.6ng/mL为最合适的靶控浓度。     

四种实验室检测技术对利福平和异烟肼耐药性检测的临床价值

目的 探讨微孔板法、实时荧光PCR熔解曲线技术(简称“熔解曲线法”)、多色巢式实时荧光定量PCR技术(简称“Xpert 法”)和罗氏药物敏感性试验(L-J药敏试验,简称“比例法”)用于快速筛查耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)的临床价值。方法 从医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)连续收集2014年7月至2018年3月重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的确诊为结核病,且具有微孔板法、比例法、熔解曲线法、Xpert 法检测MTB对利福平、异烟肼耐药性诊断结果的2792例患者资料;其中微孔板法、比例法采用阳性分离菌株检测,熔解曲线法和Xpert 法采用患者标本直接检测。纳入同时具有微孔板法和比例法耐药性检测结果的1488例患者作为研究对象,其中341例行微孔板法+比例法+Xpert法检测利福平耐药性,87例行微孔板法+比例法+熔解曲线法检测利福平耐药性,66例行微孔板法+比例法+熔解曲线法检测异烟肼耐药性。以比例法为标准,采用SPSS 13.0软件分别计算微孔板法、熔解曲线法、Xpert法检测利福平和(或)异烟肼耐药性的敏感度、特异度、符合率、Kappa值等。结果 以比例法为标准,微孔板法、Xpert法、熔解曲线法检测利福平耐药性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率、Kappa值分别为97.2%(731/752)、96.9%(713/736)、96.9%(731/754)、97.1%(713/734)、97.0%(1444/1488)、0.94,97.2%(140/144)、94.9%(187/197)、93.3%(140/150)、97.9%(187/191)、95.9%(327/341)、0.92,97.1%(33/34)、84.9%(45/53)、80.5%(33/41)、97.8%(45/46)、89.7%(78/87)、0.79;微孔板法和熔解曲线法检测异烟肼耐药性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率、Kappa值分别为94.8%(751/792)、95.7%(667/697)、96.3%(751/780)、94.2%(667/708)、97.9%(1418/1448)、0.91, 97.3%(36/37)、86.2%(25/29)、90.0%(36/40)、96.2%(25/26)、92.4%(61/66)、0.84。结论 微孔板法、熔解曲线法、Xpert 法检测利福平和(或)异烟肼耐药性均具有较高的敏感度和特异度,适合快速筛查耐多药结核病;微孔板法还能获得各药物最低药物浓度,为临床用药剂量的选择提供参考依据。     

主动脉窦瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉窦瘤的诊断方法和外科治疗经验。方法:35例主动脉窦瘤患者均于体外循环下行主动脉窦瘤修补术。本组包括室间隔缺损19例,主动脉瓣关闭不全11例。除修补窦瘤外,同时行室间隔缺损修补术19例,主动脉瓣替换术2例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,右心室流出道疏通术2例,二尖瓣成形术1例,三尖瓣成形术3例。结果:全组患者无手术死亡,无残余分流。轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全2例,低心排出量综合征2例,频发室性早搏1例,均痊愈出院。35例患者随访3个月～6年,心功能(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论:主动脉窦瘤破裂对心功能影响严重。一旦确诊,应尽早手术,同时矫正合并畸形,可获得满意的效果。