第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管的诊断治疗

目的 探讨先天性第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析18例患者的病例资料,全部病例行手术切除。结果 18例患者中,第一鳃裂瘘 10例,外瘘口均位于耳垂后与乳突之间,内瘘口位于外耳道,其中位于骨与软骨交界处后下壁6例;囊肿8例,其中耳垂后4例,位于下颌角2例,腮腺筋膜内2例。术后病理均确诊为鳃裂囊肿或瘘管,随访未见复发。结论 先天性第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管临床少见,易误诊、误治;影像学检查是术前确诊的重要依据;合理的手术方案是该病治愈的关键,完整切除囊肿及瘘管是避免复发的重要措施。     

常温下半肝血流阻断在肝内胆管结石术中的应用分析

目的：探讨左肝内胆管结石的治疗方法,提高手术切除率,降低手术风险系数。方法：回顾性总结63例左肝内胆管结石患者在常温下阻断左半肝血流,行左肝叶切除、肝内含石胆管直视下切开取石和肝胆管Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合等手术后,患者术后并发症、肝内胆管结石的复发率、再手术率以及术后患者的肝功能恢复情况等。结果：本组无手术死亡,治愈率82.4%,好转率17.6%,残石率8.3%。并发症23例,胆漏2例,膈下感染4例,切口感染9例,术后转氨酶升高6例,消化道出血2例,全部并发症经非手术治疗全愈。经1～8年随访,复查B超、CT、肝功等检查,随访率87.7%;复发6例,复发率9.52%。结论：该方法可以控制肝切除术中的失血,保留了健侧肝脏的血运,术中及术后对肝功能损伤较轻。是一种比较简单、可行、合理的肝血流阻断方法。     

Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes a variety of signs and symptoms, such as low back pain (LBP), intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal stenosis, which contribute to high social and economic costs. IDD results from many factors, including genetic factors, aging, mechanical injury, malnutrition, and so on. The pathological changes of IDD are mainly composed of the senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the progressive degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM), the fibrosis of annulus fibrosus (AF), and the inflammatory response. At present, IDD can be treated by conservative treatment and surgical treatment based on patients'' symptoms. However, all of these can only release the pain but cannot reverse IDD and reconstruct the mechanical function of the spine. The latest research is moving towards the field of biotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regard as the potential therapy of IDD because of their ability to self‐renew and differentiate into a variety of tissues. Moreover, the non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are found to regulate many vital processes in IDD. There have been many successes in the in vitro and animal studies of using biotherapy to treat IDD, but how to transform the experimental data to real therapy which can apply to humans is still a challenge. This article mainly reviews the treatment strategies and research progress of IDD and indicates that there are many problems that need to be solved if the new biotherapy is to be applied to clinical treatment of IDD. This will provide reference and guidance for clinical treatment and research direction of IDD.     

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Simple Plate Fixation and Plate Combined with Local Fixation of Broken Ends in the Treatment of Oblique Fracture of Midshaft Clavicle

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of performing simple plate fixation with that using a plate combined with fracture end fixation to investigate the necessity of fracture end fixation outside the plate in cases of oblique fracture of the middle clavicle.MethodsThis was a retrospective follow‐up study of patients with middle clavicle oblique fractures (Robinson types 2A1 and 2A2) between 2015 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to their treatment options: the simple plate fixation (SPF) group (n = 79; 43 men and 36 women; average age, 46.37 ± 14.54 years) and the plate combined with fracture local fixation (PLFP) group (n = 81; 36 men and 45 women; average age, 48.42 ± 12.55 years). Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative fracture healing time, postoperative shoulder function score (Constant–Murley and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand [DASH] scores), clinical complications, and postoperative subjective satisfaction were compared between the two groups.ResultsOne hundred sixty patients with a sufficient follow‐up period were included in the final analysis: 79 in the SPF group (follow‐up time: 16.24 ± 3.94 months) and 81 in the PLFP group (follow‐up time: 16.15 ± 3.43 months). Age, sex, body mass index, follow‐up duration, fracture classification, and cause of injury were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in blood loss, Constant–Murley and DASH scores, follow‐up period, and postoperative subjective satisfaction between the two groups (P > 0.05). The fracture healing time was shorter in the PLFP group than in the SPF group (4.41 ± 0.99 vs. 4.87 ± 1.60 months, P < 0.05), but the operation duration was longer in the PLFP group than in the SPF group (65.48 ± 16.48 min, P < 0.05). There were seven (complication rate, 8.86%) and five (complication rate, 6.17%) cases that had complications in the SPF and PLFP groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the complication rates between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the healing time was shorter in the PLFP group than in the SPF group, the clinical efficiency of the two methods in the treatment of oblique fracture of the middle clavicle was similar.     

TP53 variants in p53 signatures and the clonality of STICs in RRSO samples

ObjectivePrecursor lesions may be identified in fallopian tube tissue after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in patients with pathogenic variants of BRCA1/2. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is considered a precursor of high-grade serous carcinoma, whereas the significance of the p53 signature remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the p53 signature and the risk of ovarian cancer.MethodsWe analyzed the clinicopathological findings and conducted DNA sequencing for TP53 variants of p53 signatures and STIC lesions isolated using laser capture microdissection in 13 patients with pathogenic variants of BRCA1/2 who underwent RRSO and 17 control patients with the benign gynecologic disease.Results TP53 pathogenic variants were detected significantly higher in RRSO group than control (p<0.001). No difference in the frequency of p53 signatures were observed between groups (53.8% vs 29.4%; p=0.17). TP53 sequencing and next-generation sequencing analysis in a patient with STIC and occult cancer revealed 2 TP53 mutations causing different p53 staining for STICs and another TP53 mutation shared between STIC and occult cancer.ConclusionThe sequence analysis for TP53 revealed 2 types of p53 signatures, one with a risk of progression to STIC and ovarian cancer with pathological variants in TP53 and the other with a low risk of progression without pathological variants in TP53 as seen in control.     

Evolution of thrombolytic therapy in patients with HeartWare ventricular assist device thrombosis: a single-institutional experience

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESPump thrombosis remains a major challenge in heart failure patients with left ventricular HeartWare assist device. Current International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation recommendations favour surgical pump exchange over lysis because safety and efficacy of lysis has been controversially reported. This study summarizes our experience on our HeartWare thrombosis prevention strategy as well as thrombolysis through implementation of our institutional standardized HeartWare assist device protocol.METHODSOutcomes of all HeartWare thrombosis patients admitted between 2010 and 2020 were analysed. Thrombolysis therapy using tissue plasminogen activator was used as the first-line therapy in this study and thrombolysis therapy efficacy was defined as freedom from stroke, bleeding, recurrent HeartWare assist device thrombosis or surgical device exchange within 30 days after lysis application.RESULTSA total of 507 patients have been included in this study and 66 patients (13%) collectively developed a first HeartWare-thrombosis after a median of 12 months (8–22 months) after HeartWare implantation. Forty patients were treated with unstandardized lysis, of whom 7 patients had thrombolysis associated complications, such as incomplete thrombus resolution requiring surgical pump exchange in 4 patients, but also intracranial haemorrhage occurring in 3 patients. Three patients died in the non-protocol group. Eight device thrombosis patients were treated according to our protocol, showing no lysis-associated complication.CONCLUSIONSDespite current recommendations, preferring surgical HeartWare pump exchange in thrombosis, thrombolysis therapy for first HeartWare thrombosis can be safe and effective in a standardized protocol setting, including anticoagulation adjustment and intensified blood pressure control management.     

食管癌外科中无瘤技术的应用评价(附300例分析)

目的探讨无瘤技术应用于食管癌外科以防止手术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植的临床意义。方法总结300例行无瘤技术手术治疗的食管癌患者1、3年生存率、局部复发及远处转移率。结果本组患者1、3年生存率为85.33%和64.00%,局部复发和远处转移率分别为0.67%和7.71%(1年),2.01%和20.80%(3年)。结论无瘤技术应用于食管癌手术可防止术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植,对提高患者术后生存率、降低局部复发、远处转移率有益。     

23例外伤性脾破裂手术保脾效果分析

本文报道经手术保牌的23例病人其结果是2例成功,21例失败。分析手术保脾失败的原因,主要有三方面。(1)伤情复杂而严重,没有足够的时间来手术保脾。(2)脾周血管解剖不熟悉。(3)修补材料应用不当和修补技术不熟练等。     

两种术式治疗婴幼儿期舌系带过短的效果比较

目的在临床上比较舌系带剪断术和舌系带矫正术治疗舌系带过短患儿的效果。方法选择的研究对象为在2007年2月—2014年2月期间,该院收治的200例舌系带过短的患儿,将这200例患儿随机分为给予舌系带矫正术治疗的对照组和给予舌系带剪断术实验组,每组100例,然后将对照组患儿与实验组患儿术后出血、感染以及发音等情况进行比较。结果实验组患儿在术后出现出血、感染发生率明显低于对照组患儿,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,有4例患儿有轻度构音障碍,高于对照组患儿,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论两种手术均可应用于舌系带过短的治疗,应用舌系带剪断术治疗舌系带过短的患儿,在术后出血、感染以及肿胀等方面的发生率上低于舌系带矫正术,但在患儿发音的改善上弱于上舌系带矫正术。