First-trimester surgical abortion practices: a survey of National Abortion Federation members

Background

Designated providers in specialized clinics perform the majority of approximately 1.1 million first-trimester abortions carried out in the United States each year. Our objective was to assess the first-trimester surgical abortion practices of National Abortion Federation (NAF) members.

Study Design

We mailed questionnaires to NAF administrators and providers at their 364 active-member facilities in 2002.

Results

Two hundred eighty-nine (79%) facilities responded; we received administrative questionnaires from 273 facilities and 293 individual clinicians. NAF facilities provided at least 325,000 first-trimester surgical abortions in the United States in 2001. The majority of providers are obstetrician-gynecologists (63%), male (62%) and at least 50 years old (64%). Half of clinicians (49%) selectively utilize manual vacuum aspiration. Almost half (47%) routinely use a metal curette to verify procedure completion; these providers are more likely to be over 50 years of age or to have 20 years or more of abortion experience. Other practices are more uniform, including routine tissue examination (93%), postoperative antibiotics (88%) and contraceptive provision (oral contraceptives, 99%; depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, 79%).

Conclusions

Most perioperative practices for first-trimester abortions are similar among these respondents, in accord with evidence-based guidelines. The aging of skilled practitioners raises concerns about the future availability of surgical abortion.     

Comparison of cryotherapy with curettage in the treatment of Bowen's disease: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: In our departments, curettage and cautery (C&C) and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy are the preferred methods of treatment for Bowen's disease (BD). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare these two treatments with regard to efficacy, time to heal, morbidity and recurrence rate. METHODS: Cryotherapy was performed using a liquid nitrogen spray giving two freeze-thaw cycles, each freeze cycle being maintained for 5-10 s after the formation of an ice ball to the intended margin. Curettage was performed with a conventional disposable curette under local anaesthesia, and electrocautery was then used for haemostasis. RESULTS: Eighty lesions in 67 patients (55 female) were analysed. The mean age of the patients was 74 years (range 46-89). The most frequent site was the lower leg, below the knee (n = 59, 74%). The average time taken for complete healing after the procedure was 60 days. The mean size of the lesions was 336 mm(2) (range 30-1890). The patients were followed up for a mean of 22 months (range 6-24, median 2 years). In the cryotherapy group (n = 36 lesions), the median time to complete healing was 46 days (range 14-210; mean 69). Twelve lesions took more than 90 days to heal. Infection requiring antibiotics developed in four patients. Thirteen of the treated lesions had recurred by 24 months. In the C&C group (n = 44 lesions), the median time to healing was 35 days (range 14-330; mean 53). Six of the lesions took more than 90 days to heal. Infection developed in two patients. Recurrence occurred in four lesions over the follow-up period. Considering BD on the lower legs separately, lesions took on average 90 days to heal in the cryotherapy group (n = 23), whereas in the C&C group (n = 36) they took 39 days to heal (P < 0.001). During the procedure and the subsequent 24 h, patients were 10.4 times more likely to report pain of any degree for lesions treated by cryotherapy than by C&C (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a superiority of C&C over cryotherapy in the treatment of BD, especially for lesions on the lower leg. Curettage of lesions of BD is associated with a significantly shorter healing time, less pain, fewer complications and a lower recurrence rate when compared with cryotherapy.     

Evaluation of Subgingival Microflora in All Ceramic Restorations with Subgingival Heavy Chamfer Finish Lines

Microbial colonization in the gingival sulci of abutment teeth receiving all ceramic retainers with subgingival margins need to be studied to assess the prognosis of periodontal health, which determine the eventual success of fixed partial dentures. This prospective observational study was done to evaluate the quantitative alteration in the microbial flora in the gingival sulci of abutment teeth adjacent to the edentulous space prior and after receiving all ceramic retainers over varying time intervals of 1 week, 1 month and 2 months respectively. Twenty, healthy partially edentulous patients, aged 20–50 years with single missing central incisor were selected for this prospective observational study and their microbial samples were collected from the gingival sulci of abutments adjacent to edentulous space with sterile paper points and cultured and the estimated values for microflora served as controls. The same abutments were prepared to receive all ceramic retainers with subgingival heavy chamfer marginal finish lines. The patients were recalled after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months intervals during which the collected subgingival microbial samples were cultured and the corresponding quantitative microbial alteration in the restored gingival sulci was recorded. The obtained data was statistically analysed using the student t test and repeated analysis of variance test. The results of the study inferred student t test expressed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) progressive increase in gingival sulcular microbial colonisation in the abutment teeth before [M = 2.52 ± SD 1.21(10⁶) CFU/ml] and after receiving all ceramic retainers over varying time intervals of 1 week [M = 3.25 ± SD 1.21(10⁶) CFU/ml], 1 month [M = 4.64 ± SD 1.13(10⁶) CFU/ml] and 2 months [M = 4.75 ± SD 1.16(10⁶) CFU/ml] respectively. The result of repeated analysis of variance test inferred that there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the subgingival microfloral count between the pre operative and post operative samples at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months. Subgingivally placed all-ceramic retainers with heavy chamfer finish lines in the abutment teeth demonstrated a statistically significant increase in sulcular microbial colonization over varying time intervals of 1 week, 1 month and 2 months respectively and this may affect periodontal health of abutment teeth progressively.     

经阴道子宫疤痕妊娠病灶清除与子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的对比研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨经阴道子宫疤痕妊娠病灶清除术与子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗的临床应用价值。方法 收集2013年1月~2015年12月住院治疗的子宫疤痕妊娠患者46例。将其随机分成经阴道子宫疤痕妊娠病灶清除术组(研究组）26例和子宫动脉介入栓塞后清宫术（对照组）20例。分别对术中出血量、血促性腺激素（HCG）恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用以及副作用发生等进行对比。结果 经阴道子宫疤痕妊娠病灶清除术在血HCG恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用、副作用发生率等方面优于子宫动脉介入栓塞后清宫术组，差异具有显著性（P＜005）。结论 经阴道子宫疤痕妊娠病灶清除术具有高效、可靠、副作用少、术后恢复快和费用相对较低等优点，是目前治疗剖宫产子宫疤痕妊娠新的、有效的治疗方法，可在临床推广应用。     

药物流产后清宫术299例患者的临床分析

目的：分析并探讨药物流产后出血原因以及防治方法。方法：对2009年2月～2010年12月在本院治疗的299例药物流产后清宫术妇女的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：在全部1137例药物流产患者中,包括完全流产838例,另有299例妇女行清宫术,这些行清宫术的患者中包括服药后0～3d清宫者41例,比例为13.71%;在4～7d行清宫术者51例,比例为17.06%;8～14d内行清宫术者有113例,比例为37.79%;在15～21d行内清宫术者69例,比例为23.07%;超过22d行清宫术者有25例,比例为8.36%。清宫率随患者的年龄、胎产次以及妊娠月份的增大而明显增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：清宫术是早期人工流产最常采用的方法。药物流产出血的主要缺点是流血时间长、个体差异大,其原因可能是不全流产,绒毛或蜕膜组织残留造成的,其核心的处理措施是行清宫术,清宫率随患者的年龄、胎产次以及妊娠月份的增大而明显增大。     

宫腔镜对宫腔内妊娠物残留的诊治价值

目的 探讨官腔镜对宫腔内妊娠物残留的诊治价值。方法 对22例官腔内妊娠物残留经常规刮宫两次以上仍不能刮净的难治性患者，经宫腔镜诊断、定位后钳夹或镜下钳夹等治疗。结果 22例患者均为官腔内妊娠物残留，其中3例为宫角部妊娠物残留，1例宫角妊娠，2例患者为宫腔内胎骨残留。合并宫腔粘连的有3例。所有患者经宫腔镜定位后钳夹或镜下直接钳夹，均一次成功，无子宫穿孔、阴道大出血等并发症。结论 宫腔镜对官腔内妊娠物残留的诊治具有直接、准确的特点．应作为首选方法．     

依托咪酯用于中期妊娠引产时清宫、钳刮术麻醉效果的观察

对９１８例中期妊娠引产的清宫、钳刮术患者应用依托咪酯作全身静脉麻醉，未发现药物对呼吸循环功能有影响及过敏反应，绝大多数病例麻醉效果良好，副反应发生率为２４．４％，常见的副反应为肢体震颤、咳嗽、呕吐等。清宫术时的麻醉效果好于钳刮术，且副反应发生率低，两者间差异有显著性（ｐ＜０．０１）。依托咪酯用于清宫、钳刮术的全身静脉麻醉安全可靠，易被病人接受，可在门诊手术应用。     

三种手术方法治疗腋臭的临床比较

目的:探讨治疗腋臭三种手术方法。方法:使用皮下搔刮法、皮下修剪法及皮下搔刮加大汗腺毛囊摘除法治疗腋臭。结果:①治愈率:三组无显著性差异。②局部皮肤坏死:皮下搔刮组与皮下搔刮加大汗腺毛囊摘除组优于皮下修剪组。③术后复发率:皮下修剪组与皮下搔刮加大汗腺毛囊摘除组优于皮下搔刮组。结论:皮下搔刮加大汗腺毛囊摘除法是治疗腋臭的较好方法。     

螺旋霉素对牙周炎活动破坏发生率的影响

本文对7例牙周炎患者的170颗牙、970个部位于治疗结束后作为纵向观察时的基线。以后每隔2个月定点复查1次，共观察了6～12个月、以2次检查之间新出现≥2mm的附着丧失作为活动期的诊断标准，比较了口服螺旋霉素和服药结合牙周刮治治疗后牙周炎活动破坏的发生率。结果表明：牙周炎活动破坏的估计年发生率为2．8％，单纯口服螺旋霉素和服药结合牙周刮治的两组牙齿，其活动破坏的发生率无显著差异（P＞0．1）。说明螺旋霉素治疗牙周炎的远期效果仍较好。提示螺旋霉素可以作为牙周炎患者有效的辅助用药。     

In vitro performance of DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device for dental calculus detection on human tooth root surfaces

Objective

This study assessed the reproducibility of a red diode laser device, and its capability to detect dental calculus in vitro on human tooth root surfaces.