GC测定感冒康喷雾剂中桉油精、樟脑、薄荷脑和龙脑的含量

目的:建立中药复方制剂中桉油精、樟脑、薄荷脑和龙脑含量测定的方法。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法,弹性石英毛细管柱(30m×0.53mm×1.2μm)EC-WAX;萘为内标。结果:桉油精、樟脑、薄荷脑和龙脑线性范围分别为0.38448~0.89712mg/mL,0.2406~0.5614mg/mL,0.36756~0.8576mg/mL,0.1356~0.3164mg/mL;平均加样回收率分别为98.4,98.2,98.5,98.2(n=5)。结论:该方法快速、方便,分离度好,其他成分无干扰,适用于复方制剂中4种成分的同时测定。     

复方甲亢片的喷雾制粒工艺研究

目的筛选复方甲亢片喷雾制粒的最佳工艺条件。方法应用正交试验法,以颗粒均匀度、大小和颗粒中黄芪甲苷含量为考察指标,并结合颗粒吸湿速率,对影响复方甲亢片喷雾制粒过程的主要因素进行考察。结果最佳工艺参数为主风机频率35.0±5Hz,雾化压力0.1mPa,喷雾速度1.2Hz,稠膏密度1.20g/mL;结论该方法制出的颗粒均匀结实,性质稳定,利于制剂压片成型。     

消炎止痒喷雾剂毒理学实验研究

目的：对消炎止痒喷雾剂的毒理学进行研究。方法：参照中药新药研究指导原则,采用最大给药剂量法对大白兔进行皮肤用药急性毒性和刺激性试验;以赋形剂为阴性对照,1%的2,4-二硝基氯苯丙酮溶液为阳性对照,对豚鼠进行皮肤过敏性试验。结果：大白兔未见死亡,皮毛光滑,食欲、排便正常,无急性毒性,对破损皮肤刺激极轻微,对完整皮肤无刺激。对豚鼠致敏性极轻微。结论：中药消炎止痒喷雾剂对大白兔和豚鼠皮肤无毒副作用,使用是安全的。     

LACTOSE MALABSORPTION IN ETHIOPIAN CHILDREN

Oral lactose tolerance test was performed on 183 Ethiopian and 28 Caucasian children resident in Ethiopia. A study of various sampling time intervals during the lactose tolerance test indiaated that the fasting and 40 min samples were sufficient and the most suited for large incidence studies. The incidence of lactose malabsorption amongst Ethiopian children was found to be 80%, being 61.5% in the under 1 year age group and 89.7% in the older children (7–13 years). An unexpected finding was the high incidence of 25% amongst Caucasian children (mainly Scandinavians). Altered intestinal bacterial flora and/or repeated gastrointestinal infections and prolonged reduced intake of milk are offered as possible factors for the high incidence. Milk consumption in normal quantities (250 ml) by a school population of malabsorbers gave rise toabdominal symptoms“in some but this rapidly abated by 4 weeks to reach the preconsumption level. This preliminary observation, if confirmed, should encourage the use of milk as a valuable source of supplementary food in communities where protein calorie malnutrition is widespread.     

IN VIVO DIGESTION OF YOGURT LACTOSE BY YOGURT LACTASE

The intrinsic lactose in yogurt is more efficiently digested and absorbed by lactase-deficient subjects than an equivalent amount of lactose from whole milk. Yogurt contains a β-galactosidase that has lactase activity in the human gut.     

NUTRITIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

Milk supplementation of school children showing a high prevalence of lactose intolerance as usually defined has no untoward nutritional effects.     

Recurrent abdominal pain in school children revisited: fitting adverse food reactions into the puzzle

The diagnostic work-up of children seeking health care because of recurrent abdominal pain is a clinical challenge. Food hypersensitivity might be one of the aetiologies behind this symptom. Neither the understanding of possible immune mechanisms nor endoscopic or histological findings have yet contributed to reliable diagnostic tests.

Conclusion: The possibility of adverse food reactions should be evaluated among other abnormalities behind recurrent abdominal pain in children. Still, the diagnosis of immune-mediated food reactions depends on open or blinded food challenge.     

Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of standardized extracts of Achyrocline satureioides

Traditionally, Achyrocline satureioides or 'marcela' has been used in South America for the treatment of several disorders. For the present study, three spray-dried extracts (N1, N2 and N3) were used, all of them prepared with 50% of an hydroethanolic extract rich in flavonoid compounds and 50% of blends of different adjuvants. The cytotoxic concentration which causes destruction in 50% monolayer cells (CC50) was 62.5 microg/ml for the three extracts. The antiviral activity was evaluated by using two different strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and the best results were obtained with KOS strain and N2 extract. Studies concerning the mechanism of the antiherpetic activity demonstrated that N2 extracts showed no virucidal effect or activity on cellular receptors. HSV-1 DNA synthesis was not inhibited. The antiherpetic activity occurred between the second and ninth hour of the virus replication cycle, probably indicating a perturbation on late stages of this cycle.     

A prospective study of dietary lactose and ovarian cancer

The milk sugar lactose is an hypothesized risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer because of possible direct toxic effects of its metabolites on oocytes or by compensatory gonadotropin stimulation. Women are presently encouraged to consume dairy products as a source of calcium to prevent osteoporosis. The objective of our study was to prospectively assess lactose, milk and milk product consumption in relation to ovarian cancer risk among 80326 participants in the Nurses' Health Study who had no history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer. Participants in the Nurses' Health Study reported on known and suspected ovarian cancer risk factors in questionnaires mailed biennially from 1976 to 1996. Food frequency questionnaires were included in the years 1980, 1984, 1986 and 1990. Newly reported ovarian cancer was documented by review of medical records. During 16 years of follow-up (1980-1996), 301 cases of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were confirmed. Pooled logistic regression was used to control for age, body mass index (kg/m(2)), caffeine intake, oral contraceptive use, smoking history, parity and tubal ligation. For all subtypes of invasive ovarian cancer combined, we observed a nonsignificant 40% greater risk for women in the highest category of lactose consumption compared to the lowest (multivariate relative risk (RR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-2.01). We observed a 2-fold higher risk of the serous ovarian cancer subtype among those in the highest category of lactose consumption compared to the lowest (RR 2.07, 95% CI, 1.27-3.40). For each 11-gram increase in lactose consumption (the approximate amount in one glass of milk), we observed a 20% increase in risk of serous cancers (RR 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04-1.39). Skim and low-fat milk were the largest contributors to dietary lactose. Women who consumed one or more servings of skim or low-fat milk daily had a 32% higher risk of any ovarian cancer (RR 1.32, 95% CI, 0.97-1.82) and a 69% higher risk of serous ovarian cancer (RR 1.69, 95% CI, 1.12-2.56) compared to women consuming 3 or less servings monthly. Controlling for fat intake did not change our findings. Our findings provide some support for the hypothesis that lactose intake increases risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the observed excess risk appeared limited to the serous subtype of ovarian cancer in our study.     

Intranasal bioavailability of insulin from carbopol-based gel spray in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nasal absorption of insulin from a carbopol-based nasal gel spray in rabbits. An insulin nasal gel was prepared by dispersing carbopol in distilled water, followed by the addition of insulin solution, then neutralization and viscosity adjustment. The nasal absorption of insulin from the gel, in conscious rabbits, was evaluated in comparison with absorption from an insulin solution. The absolute bioavailability of insulin from the nasal gel was studied using blood glucose level in comparison to intravenous injection. The insulin gel formulation produced a significant hypoglycemic response in rabbits, whereas no response was seen following administration of the insulin solution formulation. The bioavailability of insulin from the nasal gel formulation was 20.6% compared with the intravenous injection. The results of the present study suggest that the carbopol gel promotes the nasal absorption of insulin in rabbit model and due to its sprayability with commercially available spray pumps, could be considered as a preferred platform in nasal drug administration.