急性脑梗死88例临床分析

[背景 ]比较分析 88例不同年龄组急性脑梗死患者的病因、症状、体征及头部CT所见 .[病例报告 ]将 88例急性脑梗死患者分为老年组和非老年组 ,对发病因素、症状、体征和头部CT特点进行对比分析 ,发病因素中有高血压者占 6 4 % ,心脏病者占 2 3% ,糖尿病者占 2 5 % ,有短暂性脑缺血发作病史者占 30 % ,高脂血症者占 4 5 % ,吸烟者占 5 2 % ,有家族史者占 33% .非老年组中初发者多见 ,有头痛、头晕及偏身感觉障碍等症状者比老年组多见 ,而偏瘫、四肢瘫、构音障碍及意识障碍者则老年组多见 .头部CT示单梗塞灶者在非老年组多见 ,多梗塞灶、脑白质脱髓鞘及脑萎缩者在老年组多见 .[讨论 ]脑梗死病人因年龄不同 ,其发病因素、临床表现及头部CT所见有所不同     

脐血铅水平与妊娠结局及影响因素的关系

目的 :了解本地区脐血铅水平现状及其妊娠结局与妊娠并发症 ,新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育的关系 ,并探讨脐血铅与环境因素的关系。方法 :采用 HB2 10 0原子吸收光谱仪用原子吸收法测定 178例经剖宫分娩的新生儿脐带血水平 ,同时观察孕妇妊娠与分娩期有无合并症与并发症 ,并于新生儿出生后即刻测量体重、身长 ,2 4 h内测量头围、胸围和腹围 ,采用神经行为发育量表 ,对出生后 4 2 d的 5 0例婴儿进行神经行为发育评分。同时对产妇家庭环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 :178例脐血铅最高值 12 2 μg/ L,最低值 1μg/ L,中位数 36 μg/ L,脐血铅≥ 10 0 μg/ L 者 6例 ,占3.33%。脐血铅水平与妊娠并发症无明显相关性 ,与新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显相关性。新生儿血铅水平与环境因素 (家庭住址、居室新旧、家庭经济情况、职业等 )差异有显著性 ,P<0 .0 5。结论 :本组脐血铅水平与孕期并发症及新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显关系。脐血铅水平与环境因素有关。     

高度近视的病因学研究进展

高度近视发生的内因、外因，包括遗传倾向，相关基因定位，巩膜胶原白体免疫学说，视网膜生物活性物质失调学说，环境因素等，本研究就这些因素对高度近视发病的影响做一综述。现统一的认识有：①高度近视具有明显的遗传倾向。②迄今为止，已找到4个高度近视相关基因，它们的遗传方式均为常染色体显性遗传。③高度近视的巩膜组织病理改变和胶原代谢障碍引发了人们对高度近视免疫相关基因的深入研究。已发现HLAⅡ类基因与部分高度近视具有相关性。④视网膜中存在的生物活性物质直接或间接参与了形觉剥夺性近视的形成。⑤环境因素并非高度近视发病的决定因素，它仅起一定程度的促进作用。将今后的工作重点放在高度近视基因定位的研究，基因表达的调控及巩膜胶原代谢、网膜生物活性物质之间的关系研究上，无疑会进一步揭示高度近视的病因，为防治高度近视开辟新途径。     

青少年心理健康素质状况及影响因素的研究

目的 探讨青少年心理健康素质的差异和影响因素,为心理健康教育和素质教育的开展提供理论和实践依据.方法 采用青少年心理健康素质调查表对338名大中学生的心理健康素质状况进行调查研究.结果 ①除自我维度外,大、中学生[适应(64.17±7.12)分,(68.27±5.86)分;人际(58.70±7.13)分,(64.78±5.25)分;个性(127.72±14.41)分,(135.72±10.52)分;动力系统(109.34±11.76)分,(129.79±10.12)分;认知风格(61.19±5.35)分,(71.57±5.84)分;归因风格(43.76±4.24)分,(49.86±4.70);应付方式(106.14±10.33)分,(124.77±9.80)分]、男女生、城市学生和农村学生、不同家庭收入水平、不同父母受教育水平学生的心理健康素质各维度及其子维度均存在显著差异.②相关和回归分析表明,心理健康素质的形成和发展受多种因素影响.结论 青少年心理健康素质状况良好;各类学生心理健康素质的发展模式不同.     

A prospective study of Toxoplasma-positive pregnant women in southern Brazil: a health alert

We evaluated anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM-reactive pregnant women seen at a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic. From March 2005 to January 2008 in Paraná, Brazil, pregnant women seen by the Brazilian Public Health System, in any gestational period, who were anti-T. gondii IgM-positive, were followed. Clinical symptoms were noted, and tests performed including IgA, IgG avidity, ultrasonogram, and amniocentesis (PCR/inoculation in mice). Of 75 patients, 8 showed low, 3 intermediate and 31 high IgG avidity. Of those who underwent the avidity test, 31 (70.5%) were in the second trimester of pregnancy. Thirty-two (42.7%) pregnant women received specific treatment. Six received triple combination treatment; in three, tachyzoites were isolated, although only one was PCR-positive, showing changes in the cerebral sonogram, borderline IgA, and the Sabin tetrad. One fetus died, and one non-reactive IgM pregnant woman showed ocular recurrence. The municipality of residence, contact with cats during adulthood, and ingestion of unpasteurized milk were shown to be important risk factors. Congenital toxoplasmosis was observed in a pregnancy referred late for treatment. Follow-up of children born to mothers with diagnosed or suspected acute toxoplasmosis is crucial in the management of the changes that toxoplasmosis may cause.     

宁波普通高中教师职业压力、社会支持与亚健康躯体症状的典型相关分析

目的 探讨宁波市普通高中的教师心理压力,社会支持与亚健康状态的相关关系.方法 采用职业压力问卷、社会支持量表与亚健康躯体症状自评量表对随机抽取的128名宁波市普通高中教师进行相关关系分析.结果 当存在社会支持变量时,2组变量的典型相关系数达0.563,0.471( P <0.01).职业压力的增大与社会支持水平的减少都将导致教师亚健康躯体症状的增多.当撤去社会支持变量后,典型相关系数为0.497( P <0.01).典型变量ξ中"考试压力","工作负荷"与"职业期望"的因子负载分别增大为0.801,0.855,0.726.典型变量η中的"疲劳感觉"与"睡眠障碍"的因子负载分别增大为0.774,0.859.结论 社会支持水平在职业压力与亚健康躯体症状之间可能具有中介调节作用.     

关于奥运志愿者精神对党建教育意义的探析——让学生在参与中发现、实现自身的价值

奥运志愿者精神是北京奥运会的宝贵精神遗产。充分发挥奥运志愿者精神的社会教育作用，有利于提升当代大学生的奉献精神，激发其创新能力；同时，奥运志愿者精神也是培育大学生党员的重要载体。     

Primary Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humeral Fractures in the Elderly: Long-Term Functional Outcome and Social Implications

Abstract Background: Primary shoulder hemiarthroplasty is an established treatment modality for complex fractures of the proximal humerus. Long-term functional outcome is often disappointing. However, little is known about social implications particularly in the elderly. Methods: A single-institution case series of consecutive geriatric patients (age > 70 years) treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty for complex fractures of the proximal humerus between 1994 and 1997 was analysed. Postoperative morbidity, long-term function, radiological outcome and social implications were evaluated. Results: Seventy-seven patients fulfilled the study criteria. Median age at the time of operation was 80 years (range 70–93 years). Systemic and local postoperative complications were observed in 8% including 2 patients (3%) with revision surgery. Postoperative mortality was 1%. Forty-eight patients (62%) were available for follow-up (median 49 months, range 25–80 months), 22 (29%) died from causes unrelated to hemiarthroplasty before follow-up and 7 patients (9%) did not attend follow-up examination. Median Constant-Murley score was 41 points (range 17–77 points). Long-term results concerning pain were satisfying. The Oxford shoulder score ranged from 14 to 40 (median 30). Forty-one patients (85%) still lived in their original environment and managed their daily life independently despite poor shoulder function. Four patients (8%) lived in a retirement home and 3 (6%) in a nursery home. Eighty percent of our patients were still able to use public transportation, do the daily shopping and wash their whole body by themselves. Conclusion: Most patients managed their daily life independently despite poor shoulder function.     

梗阻性黄疸高危因素分析

目的 :通过探讨梗阻性黄疸临床指征 ,了解其病程中的高危因素。并及时降低并发症及死亡率 ,提高临床疗效。方法 :对我科 1993年— 2 0 0 0年收治的 2 92例梗阻性黄疸病人进行性分析 ,统计年龄、梗阻时间、性质、手术时间 ,入院 2 4小时内测尿素氮 (BUN)、白蛋白 (A)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞 (WBC)、血红素 (HB)、腹水 ,分析其高危因素。结果 :年龄 >6 5岁并发症发生率为2 5 .2 0 % ,病死率 3.2 5 % ;梗阻时间超过 2 0天以上者 ,并发症 2 8.87% ,病死率 5 .15 % ;肝功能Child氏B级、C级者 ,并发症发生率为 2 9.2 0 % ,病死率为 5 .31% ,延期手术并发症发生率为 2 9.4 1% ,病死率为 4 .90 %。结论 :梗阻性黄疸病人年龄越大 ,梗阻时间越长 ,肝功能越差 ,不及时手术是各种并发症发生及病死率增高的高危因素     

Adolescent alcohol initiation: A review of psychosocial risk factors

Longitudinal research studies focused on alcohol use initiation in adolescence were reviewed to determine which variables function as antecedent predictors or risk factors. Only studies that focused on time-1 abstainers were included. Classes of risk factors examined include sociodemographic, family, peer, personality, and behavioral variables. The most consistent antecedent risk factors for starting to drink in adolescence were parental and peer approval and models for drinking and drug use as well as adolescents’ own prior involvement in delinquent behavior. There was little evidence for gender differences in risk factors for alcohol use initiation. Secondary analyses of existing longitudinal data sets are encouraged to examine whether there are ethnic/racial differences in the risk factors for starting to drink and to establish those factors that serve a protective or buffering function, delaying onset of alcohol use in adolescence.