Perturbation of copper (Cu) homeostasis and expression of Cu-binding proteins in cadmium-resistant lung fibroblasts.

To probe mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) damage to the lung extracellular matrix (ECM), we developed Cd-resistant (CdR) rat lung fibroblasts (RFL6) by incubation with graded concentrations of Cd. CdR cells downregulated lysyl oxidase (LO), a copper (Cu)-dependent enzyme essential for crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the ECM, in conjunction with upregulation of other Cu-binding proteins including Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS1), metallothionein (MT), and Menkes P-type ATPase (ATP7A), a Cu transporter in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus, as well as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), an enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis. Reduction and loss of cytoplasmic distribution of LO in CdR cells were accompanied by its dislocation with the Menkes P-type ATPase and the endoplasmic reticulum marker. CdR cells displayed a defect in LO catalytic activity but an enhancement in Cu,Zn-SOD catalytic activity consistent with the protein expression levels of these enzymes. Although long-term Cd exposure of cells enhanced the Menkes P-type ATPase protein expression, actually, it reduced Cu-dependent catalytic activity of this enzyme in parallel with the deficiency of LO. The low level of 64Cu bound to the LO fraction and the high level of 64Cu bound to the MT fraction provide direct evidence for limitation of Cu bioavailability for LO existing in the CdR cells. These results suggest that downregulation of LO is linked with upregulation of other Cu-binding proteins and with alteration in Cu homeostasis in the CdR phenotype.     

热休克蛋白70在大鼠胰腺移植后急性排斥反应诊断中的意义

目的　探讨热休克蛋白 (HSP) 70在大鼠胰腺移植急性排斥反应诊断中的意义。方法　建立大鼠全胰、十二指肠移植模型 ,用免疫组织化学及WesternBlotting法定量检测移植胰腺组织中HSP70的表达 ,并观察其与病理学检查的相关性。结果　同基因移植组移植胰腺HSP70的表达水平在术后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5) ;异基因移植组移植胰腺HSP70的表达水平在术后第 3、5和 7d逐渐升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而且与病理学评分之间存在着明显的正相关 (P <0 .0 1 ,r =0 .934)。结论　检测HSP70在移植胰中的表达对急性排斥反应的早期诊断有一定价值     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者3种GPI锚定蛋白表达的改变

目的 比较阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)患者血细胞表面3种糖基化磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定蛋白表达情况。方法 流式细胞术检测25例PNH患者粒细胞表面GPI锚定蛋白CD55、CD59和CD87的表达水平，并分析它们在不同疾病状态下的改变。结果 PNH患者粒细胞表面3种GPI锚定蛋白间具有较好的相关性(P均＜0．05)，红细胞表面CD55和CD59也表现出相关(P＜0．01)，但与粒细胞表面CD55和CD59的缺乏情况并不一致。结论 PNH患者同一系血细胞表面GPI锚定蛋白呈平行关系，这有助于对PNH发病机制的进一步了解。     

一氧化氮诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的变化

目的 探讨在一氧化氮(NO)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的动态变化。方法 用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)诱导SMMC-7721和HepG2肝癌细胞株凋亡，RT-PCR的方法检测bcl-2、ba xmRNA表达水平，并采用凝胶分析系统进行半定量分析。结果 1．0mmol/L可降低SMMC-7721和HepG2细胞bcL2、bax mRNA的表达水平，提高bax/bc1-2 mRNA的比值并呈时间依赖性。HepG2细胞bcl-2和bax mRNA降低的幅度较SMMC-7721细胞小(P＜0．05)，开始变化的时间也较SMMC-7721细胞迟。结论 NO诱导肝癌细胞株的凋亡，可能与其bcl-2、bax mRNA表达水平变化导致bax/bc1-2 mRNA比值上升有关。     

Cross-neutralisation of Australian brown and tiger snake venoms with commercial antivenoms: Cross-reactivity or antivenom mixtures?

Recently it has been suggested that the Australian snake antivenoms made by CSL Ltd. are in fact not truly monovalent and may contain antibodies to other snake venoms because the horses are injected with multiple snake venoms. It is unclear to what extent various monovalent antivenoms can neutralise the effect of other venoms, whether this is due to a mixture of antibodies or true cross-reactivity, and whether this has any clinical significance. We aimed to study the immunological and functional properties of brown snake (Pseudonaja spp.) antivenom (BSAV) and tiger snake (Notechis spp.) antivenom (TSAV) against their respective venoms using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and in vitro clotting studies. There was significant overlap between the two antivenoms with both TSAV and BSAV being detected by EIA on brown snake venom (BSV)-coated and tiger snake venom (TSV)-coated wells, respectively. In a competition EIA, increasing amounts of immunoaffinity-purified hen anti-brown antibodies (IgYp) mixed with TSAV reduced TSAV measured on TSV-coated wells. Both BSAV and TSAV prevented the clotting activity of both venoms. IgYp also prevented the clotting activity of TSV, suggesting true cross-reactivity. The cross-reactivity of TSAV and BSAV with BSV and TSV, respectively, was likely due to each being a mixture of anti-brown and anti-tiger antibodies, but there was partial cross-reactivity demonstrated by the effect of IgYp. Single-polyvalent antivenom for brown snake and tiger snake may be feasible in the future.     

核仁形成区嗜银蛋白定量对结肠癌前病变的监测作用

应用银染技术,对24例结肠腺癌Ⅱ级不典型增生,30例绒毛状腺瘤,14例绒毛状腺瘤Ⅲ级不典型增生和29例高分化管状腺癌进行银染核仁形成区嗜银蛋白(Ag-NORs)定量研究,观察Ag-NORs数量、形态、大小和分布在结肠肿瘤交界性病变中的表达.提示Ag-NORs四项指标定量研究对结肠脉瘤,特别是Ⅲ级不典型增生与绒毛状腺瘤之结肠癌前病变有较好的监测作用.     

左旋多巴诱发异动症大鼠纹状体前强啡肽原基因与DARPP-32蛋白磷酸化的关系

目的研究左旋多巴诱发异动症(levodopa-induced dyskinesias,LID)大鼠纹状体内前强啡肽原(prodynorphin,PDyn)基因表达与DARPP-32蛋白磷酸化状态的变化,探讨LID时直接通路过度活化的机制。方法6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)大鼠模型应用左旋多巴治疗28 d诱发LID大鼠模型。采用原位杂交技术检测PDyn mRNA水平,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及免疫印迹技术检测LID大鼠纹状体内总DARPP-32的mRNA与蛋白表达及其Thr-34位点磷酸化水平。结果LID大鼠毁损侧PDyn mRNA表达(0.3662±0.0625)较对照组(0.2085±0.0573)及L-dopa治疗组(0.2235±0.0582)明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。LID大鼠毁损侧Thr-34位点磷酸化的DARPP-32蛋白水平(1075.2±103.3)较对照组(198.7±49.5)及L-dopa治疗组(213.9±58.9)明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论DARPP-32蛋白的Thr-34位点的磷酸化水平的改变是LID时多巴胺D1受体介导的直接通路异常活化的关键因素之一。     

骨形态发生蛋白复合明胶羟基磷灰石涂层多孔钛修复兔骨缺损的实验研究

目的 研究骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）复合明胶羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层多孔钛对兔股骨远端骨缺损的修复作用。方法 以多孔钛粉末为原料，制备三维多孔结构钛载体，然后运用碱热处理＋模拟体液等化学方法进行HA涂层，制备具有三维空间结构的HA涂层多孔钛复合材料。36只新西兰兔随机分为实验组及对照组，制备股骨远端圆柱状骨缺损模型，实验组植入复合BMP-2的HA涂层多孔钛材料，对照组单纯植入HA涂层多孔钛材料。分别于6、12、24周取材通过组织学和生物力学分析。结果组织学观察显示于各时间点实验组骨生成均不同程度优于对照组；生物力学测试显示在推出实验中所有样品的剪切应力都随时间增长而增大。其中在6周、12周实验组多孔钛在所有时间点均表现出了比对照组高得多的剪切力（P〈0．05），在24周实验组和对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 BMP-2复合明胶HA涂层多孔钛较单纯HA涂层多孔钛植入早期具有更良好的生物相容性、骨传导性及骨诱导性，可成功修复兔股骨远端骨缺损。     

精浆蛋白电泳分析的临床意义

目的为了初步了解男性精浆中的蛋白电泳谱以及蛋白谱与男性生育能力的相关关系。方法通过应用SPIFE3000全自动电泳分析仪对20例对照组(生育组)与140例观察组(不育组)的精浆进行蛋白分离(琼脂糖区带电泳法),建立其精浆蛋白质的特征电泳图谱,并进行对比分析。结果精浆蛋白经酸蓝染色后,区带清晰,从阳极到阴极分为A、B、C、D、E 5条带,电泳各区带百分比含量结果经方差分析,发现不育组与生育组A、C、D、E百分比含量变化有统计学意义(P<0.01),且无精子症患者精浆的蛋白谱有特异的"双峰"特点。结论精浆蛋白区带电泳分析可作为不育症的辅助诊断指标,且将是对男性不育诊断手段的有力补充。     

PCBP1:一种在多水平上参与基因表达调控的蛋白因子

多聚胞嘧啶结合蛋白1 (poly C binding protein-1,PCBP1),属于RNA结合蛋白亚家族,因其具有同RNA的多聚胞嘧啶(poly C)区域特异的结合活性而得名.目前该亚家族共有5个成员:hnRNP K(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K)、PCBP1、PCBP2、PCBP3和PCBP4.PCBP1蛋白在多个水平参与基因的表达调控,如转录、mRNA加工、mRNA的转运、mRNA稳定以及翻译水平调控等.本文对PCBP1基因的结构和生物学功能进行了综述.