Cutaneous burn diminishes beneficial effect of intravenously administered mesenchymal stem cells on acute lung injury induced by smoke inhalation in sheep

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of intravenously administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on burn/smoke-induced lung injury.MethodsSheep were subjected to 40%, third-degree flame skin burn and smoke inhalation under deep anesthesia and analgesia. One-hour after injury, PlasmaLite A (control) or 200 million MSCs (treatment) were intravenously administered. Pulmonary oxygenation index, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, lung–lymph flow, and bloodless lung wet-to-dry weight ratio were measured. Distribution of MSCs and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (Sdf-1) protein level were determined in lung and skin tissues. Effects of burn exudate on MSCs migration were characterized.ResultsMSCs did not attenuate pulmonary dysfunction. The number of MSCs was significantly higher in lungs of sheep with smoke inhalation compared with those with burn/smoke injury. In contrast, number of MSCs was significantly higher beneath burned skin in sheep with burn/smoke than in unburned skin of sheep with smoke inhalation only. Expression of Sdf-1 protein was increased in the burned skin compared to unburned skin. Effects of burn exudate on cultured MSCs proliferation differed depending on collection time.ConclusionSkin burn diminishes beneficial effects of MSCs on smoke-induced lung injury, by promoting migration of MSCs from the pulmonary tissue to the injured skin area, possibly via expression of Sdf-1 protein.     

Does perceived safety of light cigarette encourage smokers to smoke more or to inhale more deeply?

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of smoking light cigarettes and believing that light cigarettes are less of a health threat on the decision to smoke more light cigarettes or inhale more deeply in Taiwan. METHODS: Demographic and smoking characteristic data for 1,182 smokers who believe that smoking light cigarettes is relatively safe was obtained from the 2002 Survey of the Health Promotion Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Taiwan Citizens; this data was used to establish Logit models for the decision to smoke more light cigarettes or inhale more deeply. RESULTS: Respectively 5.64% and 4.76% of the light cigarette smokers were motivated to smoke more light cigarettes or inhale more deeply by their belief that light cigarettes are relatively safe. Light cigarette smokers, who believe that light cigarettes are relatively safe and who wish to quit smoking, and light smokers, are both likely to smoke more light cigarettes or inhale light cigarettes more deeply in comparison to ordinary cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Government should attempt to reverse the tendency for light smokers to smoke more under the misconception that light cigarettes are relatively safe, and correct the erroneous belief among smokers who wish to quit that smoking light cigarettes is an intermediate stage on the path to quitting.     

艾灸生成物干预大鼠尿液代谢组学研究

背景：艾灸过程中产生的艾烟等艾灸生成物是灸法研究的热点之一。运用代谢组学理论与技术,可更为全面、系统地研究艾烟等艾灸生成物对机体的影响。 目的：从尿液代谢组学角度观察不同浓度艾灸生成物对大鼠的影响。 方法：40只SD大鼠随机等分为正常对照组、低、中、高剂量艾灸生成物组、高剂量艾灸生成物恢复组,低、中、高剂量艾灸生成物组和高剂量艾灸生成物恢复组大鼠在艾灸生成物与纯净气的浓度比分别为0.4∶2.0,0.8∶2.0,1.6∶2.0,1.6∶2.0中暴露4 h/d,每周5 d,持续60 d;高剂量艾灸生成物恢复组经60 d高剂量艾灸生成物刺激后,在空气中自然暴露21 d作为恢复期。正常对照组大鼠常规饲养60 d。 结果与结论：气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用仪分析各组大鼠尿液,共鉴定出108个代谢物,标准品库核实64个。各组大鼠尿液典型代谢物的变化与艾灸生成物浓度呈现一定的正相关关系,其中高剂量艾灸生成物组和正常对照组大鼠尿液代谢物差异最明显,葡萄糖醛酸、维生素C等22个差异代谢物主要参与维生素C代谢等15条糖、氨基酸相关代谢途径,提示艾灸生成物干预大鼠机体能量代谢增加,机体解毒、抗氧化作增强。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

医务人员控烟态度及影响因素分析

目的了解医务人员对控制吸烟态度,并分析影响因素,为今后控烟提供科学有效的参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样,对苏北3市的616例医务工作者进行调查。结果医务人员的吸烟率为11.9%,其中男性吸烟率31.1%,女性吸烟率0.3%。不同年龄、学历、月收入、科室、职业的医务人员对控烟态度存在不同程度的差异。女性、不吸烟医务人员,更倾向于赞成控烟。多因素分析显示,女性、职业、不吸烟是公共场所控烟态度的主要影响因素,女性、科室、不吸烟是在工作中加入控烟内容态度的主要影响因素。结论降低医务人员吸烟率,多方面采取措施提高控烟态度,有利于控烟工作的开展。     

徐州市社区控烟状况调查

目的了解徐州市社区控烟现况,探讨有效举措来干预各场所吸烟现象。方法采取随机整群抽样方法抽取徐州市5个社区为研究地区,采用自编社区居民控烟调查问卷进行调查。结果 1、44.73%的家庭以及46.66%的工作单位对吸烟没有规定和限制;2、44.58%的工作单位及29.27%各类公共场所未张贴禁止吸烟的标识;3、63.30%的居民反映工作单位仍有室内吸烟现象,61.53%的居民反映在商店、饭店或医院仍能见到吸烟或闻到烟味;4、87.37%的吸烟者意识到烟雾危害他人健康,47.37%的吸烟者仍会在禁止吸烟的公共场所吸过烟。结论徐州市区控烟能力较为薄弱,公共场所吸烟问题较为严重,需积极探讨并采取相关措施应对。     

二连浩特口岸地区鼠类防治结果分析

目的 比较烟炮、磷化铝和溴敌隆毒饵3种灭鼠方法对二连浩特口岸地区鼠类控制效果.方法 室内采用粉迹法、室外采用堵洞查盗法调查鼠密度;口岸地区物流仓库采用综合防治;野外长爪沙鼠危害区分别采用烟炮、磷化铝熏蒸处理和一次性饱和投放溴敌隆大米毒饵进行控制.结果 物流仓库鼠密度为15.85％,野外3个样方鼠密度在19～23洞/hm2之间.物流仓库灭鼠效果为89.53％;野外3个现场灭鼠效果均为100％.结论 口岸地区室内采取综合防治措施,室外采用毒饵、烟炮和磷化铝熏蒸处理可取得理想灭鼠效果,在应急情况下,加大1倍用量可完全控制鼠害.     

Fire fighting trainers’ exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators

It is well known that fire fighters are potentially exposed to various carcinogenic agents at a fire scene. An almost unheeded issue, however, is fire fighters’ exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators. Biomonitoring (urinary muconic acid, 1-naphthol and 1-pyrenol), dermal (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and occupational hygiene measurements (cyanides, hydrogen cyanide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde) were used to determine how the burning material, the type of simulator and protective clothing used affect fire fighting trainers’ exposure.     

香烟烟雾提取物对气道平滑肌细胞增殖及内皮素释放的影响

探讨气道平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）自分泌的内皮素（ＥＴ）是否介导了吸烟对ＡＳＭＣ的作用。方法在体外培养的家兔ＡＳＭＣ上加入香烟烟雾提取物（ＣＩＳＥ）测定细胞存活率，乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）水平，并用Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法及放射免疫方法观察ＣＳＥ对ＡＳＭＣ的增殖作用，及对ＥＴ－１释放的影响。用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入实验，观察低浓度（５％）ＣＳＥ对ＡＳＭＣ增殖的影响及与ＥＴ的关系。结果１０％和３０％ＣＳＥ对ＡＳＭＣ呈现明显毒性作用，表现为细胞存活率降低，脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加和细胞ＬＤＨ漏出随时间进行性增加。５％ＣＳＥ呈时间依赖地刺激ＡＳＭＣ释放ＥＴ－１并促进ＡＳＭＣ（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入（较对照组增加５９．９％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。内皮素Ａ受体（ＥＴＡ受体）拮抗剂ＪＫＣ－３０１呈浓度依赖地抑制５％ＣＳＥ促ＡＳＭＣ增殖作用。结论吸烟可以刺激ＡＳＭＣ释放ＥＴ－１且通过ＥＴＡ受体介导ＡＳＭＣ增殖     

Ethical dilemmas and human rights considerations arising from the evaluation of a smoking policy in a health promoting setting

One of the key challenges in managing the Health Promoting Workplace is the development of an effective policy for the control of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This paper explores the ethical consequences raised when the implementation of such a policy was evaluated in a large multi-campus university. In a three-stage evaluation, the first stage involved a qualitative enquiry with the Health and Safety Committee to obtain the management perspective on the working of the policy. A survey of the perception of the ETS policy and smoking behaviours with a representative sample of staff and students constituted the second stage. In the final stage the Health and Safety Committee was engaged with the findings of stages 1 and 2 to develop a response to the evaluation. The ethical implications which arise from this evaluation centre, firstly, on the underlying reasons for undertaking an evaluation. Secondly, consideration is given to the consequences of applying utilitarian principles to smoking policy for the minority who smoke and thus find their work or study patterns affected by a smoking ban. Such a ban limits their autonomy and while it may be helpful (beneficent) in terms of their longer-term physical health, it may have harmful (maleficent) effects on their psychological wellbeing and the potential for negative consequences if they choose to contravene the ban on smoking. The implications of addressing this situation are explored.