兔膝关节软骨下自体骨移植后不同固定时间对软骨的影响

目的：研究兔膝关节软骨下自体骨转移后不同固定时间对关节软骨的影响。方法：健康大耳白兔５４只按术后膝关节不同固定时间随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组。建立膝关节软骨下自体骨移植的动物模型,于术后８周取材,采用光镜、透射电镜对关节软骨进行形态学观察。结果：Ａ组２４％的关节软骨出现退变;Ｂ组１３％的关节软骨出现退变;Ｃ组２０．３％关节软骨出现退变。Ｂ组与Ａ组、Ｃ组相比,有显著性差异。结论：术后合理负重可降低关节软     

应用髂嵴游离骨组织修复下颌骨缺损

目的:总结应用髂嵴游离骨组织修复下颌骨缺损的经验.方法:回顾21例应用游离髂嵴骨组织即时修复下颌骨缺损,对手术方法、术中、术后处理等进行总结分析.结果:用髂嵴游离骨组织修复下颌骨术后并发症少,手术成功率高(87.5%),能进行即刻种植体植入.结论:对不能开展显微外科的医院,下颌骨缺损患者用游离髂嵴骨组织修复仍可作为首选方法.     

洛阳市出生缺陷监测结果及相关因素探讨

目的 :了解洛阳市围产儿出生缺陷的种类、分布及相关因素 ,为制定干预措施提供可靠依据。方法 :对监测医院出生的所有围产儿 (包括活产、死产、死胎 )进行统一的登记 ,每一例畸形儿都要请有关专家进行确诊 ,必要时进行尸体解剖、病理检查以及染色体检查等。结果 :1997～ 1999年洛阳市出生缺陷发生率为 10 14‰ ,其中城市为 7 0 9‰ ,农村为 2 4 2 2‰ ,农村明显高于城市。在各类出生缺陷中 ,神经管畸形的发生率为 3 99‰ ,居首位。出生缺陷的发生与季节、环境、孕母年龄及孕期不良因素等有关。结论 :洛阳地区出生缺陷的发病率明显高于全国及河南省平均水平 ,特别是农村出生缺陷儿发病率达 2 4 2 2‰。因此 ,把农村做为重点监测预防对象 ,巩固和完善出生缺陷的三级预防监测网 ,制定有效的预防措施 ,是降低出生缺陷发生率 ,提高人口素质的有效手段     

彩色多普勒血流显像对小孔室间隔缺损的诊断价值

目的　评价彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)对小孔室间隔缺损 (VSD)的诊断价值。方法　对经CDFI诊断的 43例小孔VSD患者与手术治疗结果进行对照分析。结果　CDFI诊断阳性预测值为 95 % ,误、漏诊各 1例 ;整体定位阳性预测值为 88% ;40例彩色穿隔血流束宽测值与手术结果建立的回归方程式为Y =0 5 47+0 616X ,r =0 815 ,P <0 0 0 1;术前估测肺动脉收缩压 (PASP)为 ( 4 76± 1 93 )kPa。结论　CDFI诊断小孔VSD具有很高的特异性和准确性 ,并可估测患者术前的PASP。     

Choice of neurosurgical approach in the treatment of cranial base lesions

The authors describe a series of surgical approaches that they found particularly useful for the exposure and removal of lesions involving the skull base. These are: 1) fronto-naso-orbital approach; 2) frontotemporo-orbito-zygomatic approach; 3) subtemporal transpetrosal approach; 4) temporo-suboccipital transpetrosal approach (retrolabyrinthine presigmoid; transsigmoid; translabyrintine amend transcochlear presigmoid); 5) dorsolateral approach to the foramen magnum and lower clivus.As the approaches are complex and carry potential risks of morbidity, not only it is important to have a good knowledge of basic anatomy but also to closely follow the indications for each one. In this type of surgery where it is often difficult to achieve complete removal of the lesion by a single route of attack, more than one approach may be employed in different surgical steps. Finally, all these approaches demand extremely scrupulos surgical reconstruction to avoid dangerous postoperative complications that may jeopardize the previous work of the surgeon.     

Cranial burst fracture in infants: acute recognition and management

In the past, the diagnosis of growing skull fracture or diastatic fracture has included a subset of injuries better referred to as cranial burst fracture. Cranial burst fracture, typically associated with severe injury in infants less than 1 year of age, is a closed, widely diastatic skull fracture accompanied by acute cerebral extrusion outside the calvarium. We treated 11 such infants at the LeBonheur Children's Medical Center and 2 at the Children's National Medical Center from January 1986 through December 1994. Infants ranged in age from 1 to 17 months, with an average age of 5.7 months. All presented with marked scalp swelling and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 10 or less. Twelve had a history consistent with severe injury (motor vehicle accident, 7, abuse 5). The cause of injury in one patient remains unproven. Surgery (reduction of herniated cerebral tissue, repair of large dural laceration, and cranioplasty) was usually performed within 10 days of injury, a time period long enough to assure hemodynamic stability and resolution of acute cerebral swelling, yet sufficiently brief to avoid the chronic changes (scarring, parasitization of scalp vessels by damaged cortex) associated with a growing skull fracture. Prompt repair of cranial burst fracture may prevent ongoing brain injury such as has been neuropathologically demonstrated in patients with growing skull fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging establishes the diagnosis of cranial burst fracture in equivocal cases, rendering unnecessary a waiting period to see if scalp swelling resolves. Our experience, together with information in the neuropathological and neurosurgicla literature, suggests that cranial burst fracture is associated with severe trauma, requires expeditious treatment, and has been underdiagnosed in the past, leading to growing skull fracture, a condition requiring more extensive surgery.     

胎儿先天性心脏病筛查方法的研究

为尽早确诊胎儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病),对200例胎儿进行B超心动图检查,发现心脏异常36例(18%),其中先心病26例(13％)。测定有高危因素的103例孕母血清风疹病毒抗体IgM,10例阳性(9.7％),其中7例胎儿有先心病(70%),其灵敏度为70％,特异度为92.3％,可做为胎儿先心病的筛查方法。两项检查合用,可提高胎儿先心病的诊断水平。同时提示胎儿超声心动图检查中增加卵圆孔直径和血流的评定可作为房间隔缺损的诊断标准。     

自体颅骨深低温保存再植修补与有机玻璃修补的对比研究

目的 :通过深低温冷冻自体颅骨瓣与有机玻璃修补颅骨缺损的对比分析 ,探讨自体颅骨瓣经深低温冷冻再植修补的优点和完善措施。方法 :对 3 5例患者行自体颅骨瓣深低温冷冻后再植修补其颅骨缺损 ,通过皮下积液及感染发生率、大体观察、X线检查、组织病理学变化、平均手术时间等方面研究 ,并与同期 4 6例采用有机玻璃修补颅骨缺损的患者做对比。结果 :自体骨瓣深低温冷冻保存后再植修补明显优于有机玻璃修补 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :深低温冷冻保存自体骨瓣修补颅骨缺损具有诸如形态上符合头部生理、皮下积液及感染机会少、尤其适用于儿童、可明显缩短手术时间等优点 ,其社会效益和经济效益很大。     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压术后呼吸系统的管理

先心病室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压经体外循环术后大多数病人都有不同程度的呼吸系统障碍,因此术后呼吸系统的管理尤显重要,本文作者通过大量的临床实践,详细地总结了矫治手术术前准备、术后监护以及相关的注意事项,值得临床推广。