结节性硬化症多器官损害7例报告

目的探讨结节性硬化症多器官损害的临床特点以提高诊断治疗水平。方法回顾性分析7例结节性硬化症伴皮肤、大脑、肾脏、肝脏等多器官损害患者的临床资料,探讨其特征性临床表现及影像学改变。结果7例患者均有多器官损害,累及两个器官3例,3个及以上器官损害4例;皮肤损害主要为面部血管纤维瘤6例,皮肤色素脱失斑7例,鲨鱼皮斑3例,趾甲下纤维瘤1例;癫痫发作6例,智力低下4例,颅脑CT或MRI检查提示室管膜下结节4例,皮质结节2例;4例合并双侧肾脏多发错构瘤,1例合并肝脏错构瘤。结论特殊的皮肤损害、癫痫发作、智力低下,脑CT或MRI检查提示室管膜下结节或皮质结节或内脏多发性错构瘤为本病的主要临床特征,提高本病的认识有助于早期诊断和治疗。     

A review of the effects of external pressure on skin blood flow

The human foot is a complex mechanical structure consisting of bones, ligaments and joints. They act together to provide a robust system capable of absorbing and dissipating the intermitted pressure that is subjected to its plantar surface during walking to prevent soft tissue breakdown. Current studies suggest that plantar foot pressure may lead to soft tissue breakdown (e.g. neuropathic ulceration) and hence research has so far concentrated on investigating the mechanical effects of plantar foot pressure on the foot’s integrity. This has been possible through the widely available pressure and force platforms as well as in-shoe pressure systems. However, to understand how plantar foot pressure causes soft tissue breakdown it is vital to investigate both the physiological–mechanical interactions between the skin and plantar foot pressure. This review suggests that with the current advances in technology, the physiological response of skin blood flow to mechanical plantar foot pressure should be investigated and correlated further, both during static and dynamic loading, by developing a new system capable of either measuring both variables simultaneously or by synchronising two systems in real time.     

In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging of human skin tumours

The feasibility of using in vivo autofluorescence for the diagnosis of skin cancer was evaluated. In vivo fluorescence measurements were performed on healthy human volunteers, and patients with different types of benign and malignant skin tumours. Fluorescence spectra as well as fluorescence images were acquired. The excitation-emission matrix of normal skin (n=3) showed a broad peak at the shortest excitation wavelength (365 nm) and at 440 nm fluorescence wavelength, smoothly decreasing towards longer excitation and fluorescence wavelengths. Non-melanoma skin tumours (n=31) and control skin excited with 375 nm showed a broad fluorescence band from 400 to 700 nm, peaking around 436 nm. No significant differences in measurements between tumours and the corresponding control sites were found. A large spatial variation in the fluorescence intensity was observed both in the tumours and in the control sites. Standard deviations found ranged from 0.15 to 1.5 times the mean fluorescence. Fluorescence images, excited with 375 nm and taken with an image intensified CCD camera, on eight malignant melanomas and eight benign pigmented lesions did not indicate any fluorescence intensity distribution specific to the malignancy of the lesion. Neither the shape of the fluorescence spectra, nor the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity showed any signature specific to the histopathological nature of the lesions investigated. Optical diagnostics of skin tumours using the autofluorescence does not seem to be feasible at the present time.     

Surgical treatment of acne scarring by using skin grating knife

Summary A method of dermaplaning for acne scarring using a skin graft knife is described. This surgical technique cannot be considered as a form of dermabrasion. Its advantages are reported.     

深低温储皮后其抗原性改变的免疫学研究

以人皮和豚鼠皮新鲜及－１９６℃冷冻皮片匀浆做为抗原，研制出兔抗人和豚鼠的新鲜及－１９６℃冷冻皮片匀浆的可溶性蛋白高效价的免疫血清，并通过免疫电泳、火箭免疫电泳、免疫火箭扩散电泳及单相免疫扩散电泳等不同免疫学电泳的检测，分别对新鲜皮片及－１９６℃冷冻皮片抗原性改变的这一现象进行探讨与研究。结果表明：人皮、豚鼠皮其新鲜皮片的抗原成份、抗原决定簇及抗原量均显著高于相应的－１９６℃冷冻组皮片，因而证实了通过深低温冷冻的皮片其抗原性低于新鲜皮片的论断。     

抗结核药物所致皮疹临床特点及停药指征的探讨

目的 探讨抗结核药物所致皮疹的临床特点及停药指征.方法 对1998-2005年收治的3 082例住院结核病人中,因抗结核药物所致皮疹296例病人进行分析.结果 变态反应总发生率为10.3%,皮疹发生率为9.6%（296例）,其中单纯皮疹88例,占2.9%,皮疹伴其他系统表现一种或一种以上者208例,占6.7%;无皮疹者22例,占0.7%.皮疹病例总停药率为61.5%.结论 抗结核药物所致过敏反应多为全身性,发生过敏反应后,绝大多数单纯皮疹病人经过抗过敏处理后仍可维持原方案继续治疗,而皮疹伴有明显肝功能异常、心律失常、关节痛和过敏性休克者均需立即停用抗结核药物,并且避免再次使用.     

应用胶原凝胶构建组织工程化皮肤的研究

目的探讨以胶原凝胶为支架材料构建组织工程化皮肤的可行性。方法体外分离、培养人皮肤表皮细胞和成纤维细胞;利用自制的胶原蛋白制成胶原凝胶作为组织工程支架材料;在成功构建人工真皮的基础上种植表皮细胞,构建复合人工皮肤;采用HE染色与免疫组织化学的方法对复合人工皮肤进行组织学检测。结果HE染色可见,构建的复合人工皮肤具有表皮和真皮双层结构;免疫组织化学染色显示,Ⅳ型胶原、纤维连接蛋白和层粘连蛋白阳性,在形态结构上与正常皮肤相似。结论培养的人表皮细胞和成纤维细胞种植于胶原凝胶支架上,气-液界面培养可构建出具有类似正常皮肤结构的组织工程化皮肤。     

长脉冲Nd:YAG激光非侵入性治疗皮肤浅表静脉畸形

目的前瞻性研究长脉冲1064nm Nd:YAG激光非侵入性治疗皮肤浅表静脉畸形的疗效。方法22例不同部位皮肤浅表静脉畸形患者接受长脉冲1064nm Nd:YAG激光治疗,6mm直径光斑,7～8ms双脉宽,脉冲间隔20ms,140～150J/cm2能量,接触式冷却,治疗间隔3周至1个月,治疗后1、6个月随访,评价病灶清除率分为五级。结果22例患者完成治疗,最多治疗5次。随访6个月,96.3%浅表静脉畸形获得76%～100%的清除,37%获得病灶的完全清除,未见复发。治疗部位无一例发生紫癜,治疗后8例(38.1%)出现红斑,1d至1个月消退。无色素改变和形成。结论长脉冲1064nm Nd:YAG激光能有效安全地治疗皮肤浅表静脉畸形,选择性地清除浅表血管,并使用接触冷却系统保护表皮,减少紫癜发生及色素改变和瘢痕的形成,达到理想的美容效果。     

1.318 μm近红外激光对皮肤损伤效应的研究

目的 研究1．318μm近红外激光对皮肤的损伤效应，确定损伤阈值并观察损伤修复情况。方法 以普通白色仔猪为实验动物，以输出波长1．318μm的Nd：YAG激光照射猪躯干两侧皮肤。损伤阈值实验时以肉眼可见红斑反应为判定标准，于照后即刻观察皮肤红斑发生率，采用加权概率单位法计算红斑发生率为50％时所对应的激光剂量，即损伤阈值ED50。损伤修复观察实验所用激光剂量均高于损伤阈值，于照后即刻至49d观察皮肤损伤修复情况。结果 1．318μm激光致仔猪皮肤损伤的阈值剂量为9．2J／cm^2。随着激光剂量的提高，皮肤损伤反应依次表现为暂时性红斑反应、持续性红斑反应、白色凝固斑、淡褐色（炭化）凝固斑。损伤修复所需的时间依次为数分钟、数天、十余天、数十天。结论 1．318μm激光可致仔猪皮肤损伤的阈值剂量ED50为9．2J／cm^2。激光剂量越高，皮肤损伤越重，修复所需时间越长。