Analysis of differentially expressed genes in fetal skin of scarless and scar-forming periods of gestational rats

Objective: To study the differences of gene expression between earlier gestational skin and later gestational skin of rats with the aids of single primer amplification (SPA) and high-density oligonucleotide DNA array to understand the molecular mechanism of scarless healing. Methods: Total RNAs were isolated from fetal rat skin of the scarless (E15) and scar-forming (E18) periods of gestation (term =21.5 days). The RNAs from earlier gestational skin (EGS) and later gestational skin (LGS) were both reversely transcribed to cDNAs, then labeled with the incorporation of fluorescent dCTP for preparing the hybridization probes by SPA method. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the oligonucleotide DNA arrays which contained 5 705 probes representing 5 705 rat genes. After highly stringent washing, these DNA arrays were scanned for fluorescent signals to display the differentially expressed genes between the 2 groups of skin. Results: Among 5 705 rat genes, there were 53 genes (0.93%) with differentially expressed levels between EGS and LGS groups, 27 genes, including fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF2 ) and follistatin were up-regulated (0.47%) and 26 genes were down-regulated (0.46%) in fetal skin during scarless period versus scar-forming period. Higher expressions of FGF2 and follistatin in EGS than those in LGS were also revealed by RT-PCR method. Conclusions: High-density oligonucleotide DNA array provided a powerful tool for investigating differential gene expression in earlier and later gestational fetal skins. This technology validates that the mechanism of fetal scarless healing is very complicate and the change of many gene expressions is associated with fetal scarless healing.     

Yucatan Pig: An Optimal Hairless Model for a True Random Cutaneous Flap

Porcine models have been used extensively for skin flap research because of the established similarity between the cutaneous blood supply of the swine and humans. The Yucatan minipig provides an excellent model for researching the properties of random cutaneous flaps, offering several advantages over other breeds of swine. In this study, a total of 67 random cutaneous dorsal flank flaps measuring 4 × 14 cm were raised on nine Yucatan minipigs. The mean survival length (10.03 ± 1.60 cm) of the nondelayed flaps was greater than others reported in the literature. The well-defined plane between the subcutaneous tissue and the panniculus carnosus facilitated flap elevation consistently above the level of the panniculus carnosus thereby ensuring the creation of a true random cutaneous flap. Furthermore, the hairless nature of the skin, particularly beneficial in studying chemical peels, permits easy visualization and monitoring of any external skin changes. These advantages make the Yucatan minipig a more desirable alternative to other breeds of swine for use in skin flap research.     

Surface movement errors in shank kinematics and knee kinetics during gait

The movement of surface mounted targets (SMT) on a shell at the mid-shank and of bone mounted targets attached to the distal shank using a Percutaneous Skeletal Tracker (PST) were simultaneously measured during free-speed walking of three adult subjects having different body types. Surface movement errors in shank kinematic estimates were determined by expressing the segmental motion derived from the SMT relative to the PST-based segment coordinate system (SCS) located at the segment center of gravity. The greatest errors were along and around the shank longitudinal axis, with peak magnitudes of 10 mm of translation and 8° of rotation in one subject. Estimates of knee joint center locations differed by less than 11 mm in each SCS direction. Differences in estimates of net knee joint forces and moments were most prominent during stance phase, with magnitudes up to 39 N in the shank mediolateral direction and 9 N.m about the mediolateral axis. The differences in kinetics were primarily related to the effect of segment position and orientation on the expression of joint forces and on the magnitude and expression of joint moments.     

Fine-needle cytology of an eccrine spiradenoma of the breast: diagnosis made by a holistic approach.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rather rare adnexal tumor of the skin. When the clinical presentation is that of a breast neoplasm, diagnosis can be difficult. As cytology was a new procedure for this tumor, the approach of choice appeared to be a holistic one. The cytologic picture showed bland groups of uniformly sized cuboid cells with scant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli, while in the groups rosettelike structures could be discerned. Only by integrating the data of clinical history, inspection, palpation, reaction on breast puncture, and immunologic findings could the diagnosis be made.     

吉林192Ir放射事故患者局部急性放射损伤病理改变

目的观察一例大剂量全身极不均匀照射急性放射损伤患者数处局部病理改变。方法病理常规切片染色，光镜检查。结果吸收剂量右下肢为３７３８Ｇｙ，左手掌为８３０Ｇｙ，于照射后第８天行右下肢、左前臂截肢术。右手、左膝照射剂量相对较小但难以准确估计，红斑、水肿、水疱、溃疡出现相对较晚，于第５５天行右手指、左膝清创植皮术。镜下：右小腿局部皮肤和皮肤附属器官、皮下组织和骨胳肌广泛地坏死和弥漫性出血，但真皮中的立毛肌尚存；左手指、手掌皮肤表皮细胞空泡变性、坏死，并形成大小不一的囊泡，致使表皮与真皮分离，真皮弥漫性出血、中性粒细胞浸润，汗腺上皮细胞变性、坏死，皮下组织内弥漫性出血，少数脂肪细胞坏死。胫骨、腓骨上端和股骨、桡骨、尺骨下端处骨髓腔内造血组织各系细胞均消失。左膝、右手拇指、食指、中指皮肤示急性放射性溃疡。结论大剂量照射导致的急性放射损伤造成大面积、深达肌肉的软组织坏死及骨髓造血细胞消失。     

西罗莫司与未成熟树突状细胞延长小鼠皮肤移植存活时间的协同作用

目的 研究西罗莫司（SRL）对小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞（DC）分化及成熟的影响，观察西罗莫司与未成熟树突状细胞在延长小鼠皮肤移植存活时间中的协同作用。方法 （1）在诱导C57BL／6小鼠骨髓细胞定向分化为DC时加入SRL，通过流式细胞仪检测CD11c、CD86及MHCⅡ类分子表达情况，经脂多糖（LPS）刺激后，再检测各分子表达的变化。（2）通过单向混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR）观察经SRL处理的DC刺激同种异基因小鼠T细胞增殖情况。（3）以C57BL／6小鼠为供者，BALB／c小鼠为受者建立皮肤移植模型。观察皮肤移植前7d经尾静脉注射供者未成熟DC及经胃管连续灌注SRL7d的受者移植皮片存活情况及组织学变化。结果 （1）经SRL处理的DC表面CD11c表达仅有轻度降低，但CD86和MHCⅡ类分子表达明显减少。（2）MLR显示经SRL处理的DC刺激同种异基因小鼠T细胞增殖的能力降低。（3）受者皮肤移植术前联合应用供者未成熟DC和SRL，可减轻移植皮片炎症反应并延长其存活时间。结论 SRL对DC分化的影响不明显，但可抑制DC发育成熟。受者术前应用SRL和未成熟DC可延长皮肤移植的存活时间。     

湿性皮肤再生技术在皮肤擦伤的应用

目的:探导湿性皮肤再生技术治疗皮肤擦伤的疗效。方法:自2000年1月-2005年10月,治疗头面部、躯干和四肢急性皮肤擦伤共353例,其中采用湿润烧伤膏和暴露疗法治疗(新法组)185例,按传统疗法清创治疗(传统组)168例。结果:新法组7天内痊愈116例,占62．7％;14天内痊愈59例,占3713％;总有效率100％。传统组7天内痊愈82例,占48．8％;14天内痊愈58例,占34．5％;另外28例,占16．7％,发生不同程度的创面感染,痂下积脓,需作再次清创,碘伏湿敷或改用MEBO治疗,创面延期愈合,愈后瘢痕增生明显。结论:湿润烧伤膏和暴露疗法治疗皮肤擦伤与传统疗法比较,具有缩短创面愈合时间,愈后不留瘢痕等优点。     

Epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type) exhibits ultrastructural derangement of tonofilaments and desmosomes

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of clinically intact skin obtained from three severe neonatal cases of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type) demonstrated disorders in the assembly of keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomes of the keratinocytes. During mitosis, K5- and K14-positive and K1- and K10-negative tonofilaments were disrupted and formed spherical bodies associated with intracytoplasmic desmosomes by invagination of the desmosomes and the adjacent plasma membrane. During the invagination process, destructive changes in the internalized membrane were noted. These were accompanied by gradual loss of reactivity with a monoclonal antibody ZK31, which detected plasma membrane adjacent to the attachment plaques of desmosomes. However, the reactivity of the attachment plaques of the internalized desmosomes for desmoplakins and desmoglein did not decline during the process of internalization. In the suprabasal layers of the epidermis, filamentous substructures and K1 and K10 appeared at the periphery of the spherical bodies. Simultaneously, the desmosomes that were sparsely located in the lower epidermis, increased in number as cell differentiation progressed. Thus, the keratinocytes attained an almost normal appearance with respect to tonofilaments and desmosomes by the time they reached the upper layer of the epidermis. These findings may be relevant to the mechanism responsible for the clinical appearance of the herpetiform blisters in epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis, which are also characterized by spontaneous involution during childhood or when exposed to high ambient temperatures.Part of this work was presented at the annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Ultrastructural Cutaneous Biology, 12 May 1990, Tokushima, Japan, at the joint meeting of the Society for Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research and the Japanese Society for Ultrastructural Cutaneous Biology, 23–25 May 1991, Vienna, Austria, and at the sixth Conference on Disorders of Keratinization, 6 July 1991, Tokyo, Japan     

正常人体多毛部位皮肤雌激素受体的比较研究

应用直接荧光组化法对１０例正常男性头皮、眉部、胡须、腋部、阴部皮肤作比较研究。结果显示皮肤和附属器均有雌激素受体（ＥＲ）存在，而部位不同，含量各异。阻断对照：阻断率５０％～９０％。进一步证实皮肤是雌激素靶器官之一。