盐酸多西环素片有关物质测定方法的讨论

目的:讨论中国药典盐酸多西环素片有关物质测定方法的合理性.方法:以一批盐酸多西环素片为例,通过改变色谱条件,分别测定盐酸多西环素片中有关物质的含量,比较结果的异同,并分析原因.结果:同一批样品,在中国药典允许的调整范围内改变色谱条件,可以得出截然不同的结论,通过HPLC-PDA分析,发现是由于样品中有一未知杂质,按现行中国药典方法未得到分离,而依据现行判定方法造成误判所致.结论:中国药典盐酸多西环素片有关物质测定方法有待完善.     

高效液相色谱法测定益肾健骨片中齐墩果酸的含量

目的：建立HPLC测定益肾健骨片中齐墩果酸含量的方法。方法：色谱条件为：C18柱，流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸(67：33)，UV检测波长为210am。结果：此方法线性关系良好，平均加样回收率为97．25％(n=6)。结论：该方法分离良好，结果准确可靠。     

Buccal midazolam for agitation on psychiatric intensive care wards

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine known to be effective as a treatment for status epilepticus and for rapid tranquillisation. Buccal midazolam has recently become available in the UK. We introduced it as a treatment option for rapid tranquillisation on our intensive care wards. Buccal midazolam was found to be effective and well tolerated. Target levels of sedation were achieved in nearly 70% of subjects within half an hour. Activity was evident within 15 minutes. Over-sedation occurred in only one patient at one time point. There were no cases of respiratory depression. Buccal midazolam deserves further investigation as a non-invasive treatment option in rapid tranquillisation.     

The sensitivity of biomarkers for genotoxicity and acute cytotoxicity in nasal and buccal cells of welders

Welders are inhalatively exposed to fumes which contain genotoxic carcinogens and it was found in epidemiological studies that they have increased cancer rates which may be causally related to DNA damage. In order to assess their health risks and to find out which chemicals cause the adverse effects, bioassays can be performed which enable the detection of genetic damage. The aim of the present study was a comparative investigation with exfoliated buccal and nasal cells in regard to induction of chromosomal alterations and acute cytotoxicity in welders and unexposed controls (n = 22 per group). To elucidate the factors which account for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, additional biochemical parameters were monitored reflecting the redox status as well as concentrations of different metals and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in body fluids. We found in the nasal cells significant induction of alterations which are indicative for DNA damage, i.e. of micronuclei (MNi) and nuclear buds, while elevated rates of nuclear anomalies reflecting cytotoxic effects (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, karyolylsis) were detected in cells from both organs. The levels of certain metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni), but not markers of oxidative damage were significantly higher in the body fluids of the welders. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses indicate that exposure to Mo (15% MNi increase by one standard deviation increase of Mo in serum), Ni (9% increase) and Mn (14% increase) are positively associated with the induction of MNi in nasal cells while Ni was associated with cytotoxic effects in both types of cells (12 and 16% increase). Taken together, our findings indicate that epithelial cells from the respiratory tract are suitable for the detection of DNA-damaging and cytotoxic effects in welders and can be used to assess health risks associated with genomic instability.     

颊颈连续曲线切口在颊癌联合根治术中的应用效果评价

目的 探讨并评估颊颈连续曲线切口在颊癌联合根治术中的应用效果。方法 收集2015年1月—2018年12月收治的颊癌患者87例,其中42例采用颊颈连续曲线切口（实验组）,45例采用传统颈部T形切口联合面颊切口（对照组）。评估术野暴露范围,对比2组切口长度、联合根治术所耗时长和术后颈部并发症发生率。随访时间7~43个月,采用改良温哥华瘢痕量表（Vancouver Scar Scale,VSS）及华盛顿大学生存质量问卷（University of Washington Quality of Life,UW-QOL）,对2组患者术后瘢痕及生存质量进行评估。采用SPSS 22.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 实验组切口长度为（36.40±5.08）cm,显著小于对照组的（39.93±5.22）cm（P<0.05）;实验组联合根治术所耗时长短于对照组,颈部并发症发生率低于对照组;术后瘢痕评估及生存质量优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组手术术野显露范围,术后复发、转移率无显著差异。结论 颊颈连续曲线切口与传统切口相比,能获得良好的视野,联合根治耗时短,并能实现原发灶与颈淋巴清扫术整体切除以保证手术彻底性。具有切口短且美观、并发症少、术后生存质量好等优点,是值得推荐的一种颊癌联合根治手术切口。     

粉末直接压片法制备诺氟沙星片的工艺研究

目的进行诺氟沙星片粉末直接压片法的工艺研究。方法采用正交实验筛选处方,以物料流动性、硬度、溶出度、脆碎度、片重差异限度范围为评价指标选择最佳处方并验证。通过稳定性试验对片子的外观、含量、溶出度、有关物质进行考察。结果所选处方物料流动性好,有效成分溶出快,各项指标符合规定,稳定性良好。结论本工艺简单、便捷,质量稳定,适合工业化生产。     

Formulation and optimization of potassium iodide tablets

The use of potassium iodide (KI) as a protective agent against accidental radioactive exposure is well established. In this study, we aimed to prepare a KI tablet formulation using a direct compression method. We utilized Design of Experiment (DoE)/mixture design to define the best formulation with predetermined physical qualities as to its dissolution, hardness, assay, disintegration, and angle of repose. Based on the results from the DoE, the formulation had the following components (%w/w): Avicel 48.70%, silicon dioxide 0.27%, stearic acid (1.00%), magnesium stearate 2.45%, and dicalcium phosphate 18.69%, in addition to potassium iodide 28.89% (130 mg/tablet). This formulation was scaled-up using two tablet presses, a single-punch press and a rotary mini tablet press. The final scaled-up formulation was subjected to a variety of quality control tests, including photo-stability testing. The results indicate that potassium iodide tablets prepared by a rotary mini tablet press had good pharmaceutical characteristics and a shelf-life of 25 days when stored at room temperature protected from light.     

芪苈强心胶囊联合托伐普坦治疗中度充血性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的研究芪苈强心胶囊联合托伐普坦片治疗中度充血性心力衰竭的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月—2018年1月安阳地区医院收治的中度充血性心力衰竭患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组口服托伐普坦片,起始剂量为15mg,服药24h后,根据血清钠浓度调整剂量,最大用药剂量为60mg,当血钠浓度145 mmol/L时停用。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上温水口服芪苈强心胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续服用7d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的血清Na~+、K~+浓度、体质量、心功能和炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为75.00%、92.50%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组Na+浓度显著提高,而体质量显著减轻,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组体质量显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组每搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)值均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组心功能指标水平均显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆一氧化氮(NO)和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组各炎性因子水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊联合托伐普坦片治疗中度充血性心力衰竭具有较好的临床疗效,能调节机体电解质平衡,改善心功能,安全性较好,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

伤科接骨片联合双氯芬酸钠治疗闭合性足踝部骨折早期肿胀的疗效观察

目的探讨伤科接骨片联合双氯芬酸钠注射液治疗闭合性足踝部骨折早期肿胀的临床疗效。方法选取2016年12月—2017年12月天全县中医医院收治的100例闭合性足踝部骨折患者,按随机数字法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者肌肉注射双氯芬酸钠注射液,50 mg/次,2～3次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上以温开水或温黄酒送服伤科接骨片,4片/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状改善情况和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为82.00%、90.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组踝关节背伸、踝关节屈曲均明显大于对照组,消肿止痛时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VAS评分均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组患者VAS评分均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伤科接骨片联合双氯芬酸钠注射液治疗闭合性足踝部骨折早期肿胀具有较好的临床疗效,可改善临床症状,缓解疼痛,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

瑞格列奈片有关物质的HPLC测定

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定瑞格列奈片中有关物质的方法。方法：色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq（150 mm×4.6mm，5μm），以磷酸盐缓冲液（取磷酸二氢钾4.0g，加水1000ml溶解后，用磷酸调节pH值至3.2）为流动相A，以流动相A-乙腈（30:70）为流动相B，进行梯度洗脱；流量为1.5mL?min-1，检测波长240nm，柱温为45℃。结果：各相邻杂质峰之间、杂质峰与主峰之间能有效分离且物料平衡。结论：该方法专属性好，灵敏度高，结果准确，可用于瑞格列奈片有关物质的测定。