Effects of Wei Chang An pill on enzyme activity and levels of vasoactive peptide and substance P in the small intestine of rats with compound diarrhea

Objective

To investigate the regulatory effects of Wei Chang An Pill (WCAP) on enzyme activity and gastrointestinal hormones in the small intestine of rats with compound diarrhea.

Methods

Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control, diarrhea model, and WCAP high, medium, and low dose groups. The control group was not treated, and the model group was administered intragastric distilled water. The WCAP groups were given WCAP suspension, 80, 60 or 40 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, for 4 days. Stool properties were observed. After the experiment, thymus and spleen indices were measured, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and disaccharidase (lactase) in the small intestinal mucous membrane, and levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive peptide (VIP) in the colon were determined.

Results

Compared with the control group, thymus and spleen indices were significantly decreased, LDH, MDH, and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine was decreased, and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly increased in the diarrhea model group. Compared with the model group, thymus and spleen indices were significantly increased, and LDH, MDH, and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly decreased in the WCAP medium dose group.

Conclusion

The diarrhea model rats exhibited pathological changes including atrophy of the thymus and spleen, decreased enzyme activity in the small intestine, and gastrointestinal hormone disturbance. WCAP can increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and regulate gastrointestinal hormones, thereby relieving diarrhea.     

Metabonomic analysis of the therapeutic effect of Zhibai Dihuang Pill in treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Zhibai Dihuang Pill (ZDP) is one of ancient traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which is usually used for the treatment of kidney deficiency for thousands of years in China.

Aim of the study

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) usually operate in vivo through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCMs remain unclear. In the present work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic analysis was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Zhibai Dihuang Pill (ZDP) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats induced by streptozotocin and to address the underlying molecular mechanism.

Materials and methods

Male rats were divided into three groups: control, DN and ZDP-treated DN (ZDP-DN), respectively. Based on ¹H NMR spectra of sera, urine and kidney extracts from the rats, principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify different metabolic profiles. Kidney portions and serum and urine samples were also subjected to histopathological or biochemical examination.

Results

PCA scores plots demonstrate that the cluster of DN rats is separated from that of control rats, while some of ZDP-DN rats are located close to control rats, indicating that metabolic profiles of these ZDP-DN rats are restored toward those of control rats. Our results illustrate that ZDP treatment could lower the levels of lipids and 3-hydrobutyrate, and raise the level of lactate in sera of DN rats. Moreover, ZDP treatment could also reduce the levels of glucose, 3-hydrobutyrate and lactate, enhance the level of betaine in kidney tissues.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that ZDP treatment can ameliorate DN symptoms by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as inhibiting glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing methylamine metabolism. Our work may be of benefit to both evaluation of the therapeutic effect of TCM and elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism.     

珍珠滴丸治疗大鼠口腔溃疡的组方模型化评价与验证

目的:基于正交设计,通过药效学相互作用定量分析方法和模拟技术,对珍珠滴丸进行组方定量评价,并用实验验证。方法:以大鼠口腔黏膜溃疡面积缩小50%作为有效性指标,采用正交模拟法通过非线性混合效应模型分析,探讨组方中各药味的重要程度和相互关系性质,寻找最优结果。结果:在复方中,羊耳菊为主要作用组分,甘草其次,珍珠和冰片作用不明显;各组分间表现为协同作用。最佳组方为羊耳菊∶甘草∶珍珠∶冰片=100∶20∶2∶1,其理论结果与验证性实验结果吻合。结论:通过早期实验结果结合计算机模拟方法,可获取大量合理组方信息,从而引导实际实验,快速优化组方。     

六味地黄丸、金匮肾气丸和健骨二仙丸对大鼠BMSCs向脂肪细胞分化相关基因表达的影响

目的:研究补肾益气功效的六味地黄丸、金匮肾气丸和健骨二仙丸对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成脂分化的影响。方法:采用全骨髓贴壁法培养BMSCs,补肾阴、补肾阳和补肾健骨方药(代表方分别为六味地黄丸、金匮肾气丸和健骨二仙丸)含药血清干预BMSCs成脂分化过程,采用反转录-实时荧光定量技术(RT-q real-time PCR),观察成脂分化相关基因Lpl、Fabp4和PparγmRNA表达水平的变化。结果:与10%正常大鼠血清相比较,Fabp4 mRNA在补肾阴组、补肾阳组(10%含药血清)表达水平均下降33%,但无统计学意义;Lpl mRNA在补肾阳组和补肾健骨组(10%含药血清)表达水平下降,其中补肾阳组具有统计学意义。PparγmRNA在其它各组表达无显著性变化。结论:六味地黄丸、金匮肾气丸和健骨二仙丸对转录因子表达水平无显著改变,但对其下游靶基因表达水平有显著下调作用,金匮肾气丸对成脂分化过程中成脂相关基因下调作用最为明显,推测其抑制骨髓间充质干细胞成脂分化能力较其它功效的方药更强。     

普胃丸对胃溃疡复发大鼠胃组织EGF和EGFR表达的影响

目的:观察普胃丸(PWP)对胃溃疡(GU)复发过程中大鼠胃组织中表皮生长因子(EGF)及表皮生长因子受体(EG-FR)表达的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、假手术组、模型未复发组、模型复发组、奥美拉唑组、PWP组。采用醋酸烧灼法建立大鼠慢性GU模型,并于造模第90 d,ip白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),诱导大鼠GU复发。在溃疡复发后48 h测定各组大鼠GU复发率,HE染色法观察胃组织形态改变,并分别采用免疫组化法和Western blot法检测胃组织中EGF和EGFR的表达。结果:普胃丸组溃疡复发率为12.5%,明显低于模型复发组(P<0.01);HE染色显示普胃丸组复发溃疡处再生黏膜较模型复发组厚;普胃丸组EGF和EGFR的平均阳性密度分别为107.65±18.47、91.66±4.27,平均光密度值分别为149.98±16.11、85.18±3.94,其值明显高于除奥美拉唑组外其他各组(P<0.01)。结论:普胃丸可通过增加胃组织中EGF和EGFR的表达来降低溃疡复发率。     

当归贝母苦参丸为主治疗男科疾病验案3则

当归贝母苦参丸出自《金匮要略》,由当归、贝母、苦参各四两组成,用于治疗妇人"妊娠小便难,饮食如故"。方中当归辛润补益,贝母散结通利,苦参清热燥湿。三药合用,补中有攻,清中有润,散以通利,正合     

一清滴丸与一清颗粒及一清胶囊的体外溶出度比较研究

目的对一清滴丸与一清颗粒及一清胶囊中主要有效成分大黄素、大黄酚、黄芩苷的溶出曲线、溶出度进行比较,找出三者在胃肠道中溶出吸收的差异。方法应用溶出度测定法,以水200mL为溶剂,转速为55r／min,依法操作,测定一清滴丸与一清颗粒、一清胶囊的溶出度并绘制曲线。结果三者中,一清滴丸体外溶出速率较快,且能达到的最大溶出百分率。结论3种制剂中一清滴丸在体内起效迅速,生物利用度最高,临床疗效更加突出。     

气相色谱法测定六神丸中麝香酮含量

目的建立测定六神丸中麝香酮含量的气相色谱法。方法样品用乙酸乙酯浸渍提取后进样,采用HP50＋石英毛细管色谱柱（30m×0.53mm,1μm）,以N2为载气,柱温165℃,进样口温度150℃,火焰离子化检测器温度190℃。结果麝香酮质量浓度在23.90～1195.00μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9997）,麝香酮的平均回收率为99.16%,RSD为1.04%（n=9）。结论气相色谱法简单、准确,可用于六神丸的质量控制。     

通络丸对大鼠心肌梗塞及内皮素的影响

目的：观察通络丸对心肌梗塞的治疗机制。方法：在大鼠心肌梗塞模型上观察通络丸的作用。结果：通络丸能显著减少心肌坏死面积，降低血浆内皮素水平。结论：通络丸对心肌梗塞的保护作用与降低血浆内皮素水平有关。     

HPLC测定八珍益母片中阿魏酸的含量

目的用高效液相色谱法测定八珍益母片中阿魏酸的含量。方法采用ODSC1 8柱( 5um ,4.6×2 0 0mm) ,流动相为甲醇—1 %冰醋酸( 4 6:5 4 ) ,检测波长为31 3nm ,流速为1 .0nL .min- 1 ,柱温:室温。结果阿魏酸在0 .0 6μg～0 .40 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0 .9995 ) ,方法的回收率为97.80 % ,RSD为1 .0 4 % (n=5 )。结论该方法能准确可靠地进行含量测定,能够有效地控制该制剂的含量。