封闭负压引流技术在整形外科中的应用

目的：探讨封闭负压引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）在整形外科多种常规手术中的辅助治疗效果。方法：自2009年10月,对36例整形外科患者术后部位应用VSD,其中瘢痕切除植皮术后15例,感染创面清创术后9例,轴型皮瓣移植术后8例,肢体脱套伤2例,压疮2例。根据病情特点,分别于皮片表面、皮瓣表面或皮瓣下及创腔内放置VSD,根据引流情况于3～5天后更换或撤除该装置。结果：经持续负压引流并根据创面情况更换VSD敷料后,伤口愈合均达到理想效果。结论：持续负压封闭引流不仅具有引流通畅、不易堵塞管腔的优点,而且还能及时清除引流区渗出物和坏死组织,改善局部微循环和促进组织水肿消退,刺激肉芽组织生长,加速创面愈合。     

ACE在皮肤组织损伤修复与再生中作用的研究

血管紧张素转化酶（angiot ensin-converting enzyme,ACE）是肾素-血管紧张素系统（renin-angiotensin system,RAS）激活过程中的关键性限速酶之一,可催化血管紧张素Ⅰ水解生成RAS最重要的活性产物血管紧张素Ⅱ。ACE也可使具有扩张血管反应的缓激肽生成苯丙-精二肽,还可直接作用于肾上腺皮质促进醛固酮分泌。近年来发现ACE除了降解血管紧张素I和缓激肽外,还能降解其它产物如：β-内啡肽、P物质、Ac-SDPK等。同时,ACE和中性内肽酶（neutral endopeptidase,NEP）作为终止皮肤神经-内分泌介质作用的关键酶可调控皮肤细胞的存活、创伤愈合和组织再生。本文主要阐述近年来有关ACE及其底物在皮肤组织损伤修复与再生中作用的相关研究。     

负压封闭引流术在脊柱后路内固定术后深部感染治疗中的应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）在治疗脊柱后路内固定术术后感染中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2009年12月应用VSD治疗11例脊柱内固定术术后深部感染患者的治疗经过,以总结出合理的诊疗方法。结果11例患者应用VSD技术处理创面1～3次,每次引流7—10d。10例患者保留椎间植骨融合器、椎弓根钉、连接棒,仅取出横连。1例患者术中发现内固定已松动,取出所有内固定。随访6～36个月,所有患者均获得临床治愈。结论VSD技术可以充分引流脊柱后路内固定术术后深部感染伤口的脓液并消灭其死腔;同时增加了取出横连保留其他内固定的安全性,有利于切口早习愈合及尽早进行功能锻炼。     

保留内置物清创联合真空负压封闭引流治疗早发性腰椎融合术后感染

目的回顾分析保留内置物清创联合真空负压封闭引流治疗早发性腰椎融合术后感染的疗效。方法785例腰椎后路融合病例中术后早发性深部伤口感染6例,均为术后30d内出现发热、疼痛加重等症状,并伴有炎性指标升高,均采用保留内置物,彻底清创后持续冲洗负压引流,抗炎治疗。结果清创术后腰痛即明显缓解,体温下降,2周左右伤口渗液停止,疼痛消失,血常规和C反应蛋白检查结果正常,血沉明显下降。随访平均35．3个月,末次随访时X线片提示腰椎植骨融合。JOA评分改善率为82．2％。结论对于早发性腰椎融合术后感染病例,进行积极清创手术,保留内置物联合真空负压封闭引流能够及时控制感染,是一种较为有效的处理。日服抗生素抑菌治疗可以降低清创术术后感染复发。     

经胸骨正中手术切口感染创面的修复

目的对比观察不同方法修复经胸骨正中手术切口感染创面的治疗效果。方法1997年12月～2006年12月,分别用胸大肌内侧头肌瓣、胸大肌瓣、上蒂腹直肌瓣及大网膜移位修复经胸骨手术切口感染创面13例。男8例,女5例;年龄28～72岁,平均52岁。合并糖尿病8例,肺炎及心力衰竭4例,脓胸3例,慢性肺功能不全4例,恶性肿瘤1例,严重肥胖6例。11例为较新鲜裂开创面,2例为慢性创面。创面范围10cm×5cm～22cm×10cm。结果3例分别于术后3d因血管吻合处破裂大出血、肺炎及癌转移死亡。其余10例伤口期愈合6例,随访6个月～5年,均无复发;2例切口皮肤拉拢缝合处部分皮肤坏死,经再次手术扩创植皮后愈合;2例创口引流处感染,经换药愈合。结论创面较小且位于手术切口上端者适合用胸大肌内侧头肌瓣修复;创面较大且位于切口上端者适合用全胸大肌瓣修复;创面较小且位于切口下端的适合用上蒂腹直肌瓣修复;创面较长可联合应用胸大肌瓣、上蒂腹直肌瓣修复创面;创面巨大合并重要脏器外露时,可用大网膜移位修复创面。残余创面可经植皮及换药愈合。     

第一、二鳃弓综合征颜面不对称的整形外科矫治

目的探讨第一、二鳃弓综合征面部不对称畸形的整形外科矫治方法。方法根据第一、二鳃弓综合征患者临床及X线所示面部双侧不对称情况,采用健侧下颌骨外板去除、颧骨截骨降低;患侧下颌体、颧骨应用健侧下颌骨外板贴附植骨或高密度多孔聚乙烯(Medpor)假体置入等术式,配合颏部水平截骨颏成形术,以缩小面部双侧宽度的差异,矫治颜面不对称畸形。结果共矫治23例,经6个月至3年的术后随访观察,双侧面部宽度差异明显缩小,正面观面部不对称明显改善。结论第一、二鳃弓综合征面部骨骼发育畸形是三维方向的,双侧面骨宽度的差异,是造成正面观面部不对称的重要因素,根据受术者的具体情况,采用以上术式的组合,扩充患侧或同时缩窄健侧骨骼,进行面部骨性支架重建,可以取得良好的矫治效果。     

生物可降解性尿道内支架修复战伤性尿道狭窄的研究

目的建立战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,探讨生物可降解性尿道内支架对其进行重建修复的可行性。方法将新西兰雄兔28只分为两组,实验组(n=20):以定位爆炸法建立尿道狭窄模型。一月后行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查,并切除狭窄段尿道,行病理组织学观察证实。后置入人工合成生物可降解尿道内支架,置入术后2、4、8、12周分别行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查以及尿流动力学检测。并在以上各时间点处死5只动物,取狭窄处尿道组织,观察组织学修复重建情况。对照组(n=8):于实验组爆炸处理后4周和支架置入12周,分别取对照组4只动物与实验组对比观察。结果实验组所有动物爆炸后4周在尿道球部狭窄形成稳定狭窄模型(狭窄段长5～10 mm,尿道腔缩窄50%以上)。尿道内支架置入后2周,组织学观察见黏膜上皮新生迹象,并有炎性细胞浸润;4周时上皮新生明显,炎性细胞消失;8周时出现尿道平滑肌细胞再生,12周时见损伤后尿道组织结构完全修复,与正常尿道组织比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。同时间点尿道镜检查证实尿道腔隙、黏膜形态结构无异于正常对照组。尿流动力学检测显示两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。结论应用成功建立的战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,证实生物可降解性尿道内支架能作为修复战伤性尿道狭窄的理想材料,具有损伤小,易操作,功能恢复快的特点。     

Does long‐course radiotherapy influence postoperative perineal morbidity after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for cancer?

Aim The aim of the study was to define risk factors for perineal wound complications after abdominoperineal resection (APR), with particular reference to preoperative radiotherapy. Method Patients undergoing APR at our institution between 1985 and 2009 were reviewed. Wound complications were classified according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention classification of surgical site infection (SSI). Perineal complications were identified in patients who had preoperative long‐course radiotherapy (Group 1) and those who had surgery alone (Group 2). Results One hundred and fifty‐seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Preoperative radiotherapy was performed in 68 (44.7%) patients (Group 1), and 89 (65.3%) patients (Group 2) underwent surgery alone. The overall rate of perineal wound complications was 14.8%. The wound infection rate was similar in each group (Group 1, 10/68, 14.7%; Group 2, 13/89, 14.9%; P = 0.9). An elevated BMI (>30) was the only factor correlated with perineal morbidity on univariate analysis (P = 0.01). Conclusion Preoperative radiotherapy does not influence perineal healing other than in patients with obesity.     

Treatment of the open abdomen with topical negative pressure therapy: a retrospective study of 46 cases

The open abdomen is an ongoing challenge for professionals engaged in its treatment. The change in the integrity of the abdominal wall, the loss of fluids, heat and proteins and contamination of the wound are the main problems. The objective of this article is to describe our experience using the abdominal dressing vacuum‐assisted closure therapy in treatment of the open abdomen. Since December 2006, all patients requiring treatment with the open abdomen technique have been treated with the abdominal dressing system and vacuum‐assisted closure therapy (VAC^® KCI, San Antonio, USA). The results obtained with this technique in non traumatic patients are analysed herein. The abdominal dressing system was used on 46 patients in the period between January 2006 and December 2009, with a mean 63 years old (29–80), with a gender distribution of 33 men (72%) and 13 women (28%). Closure of the abdominal wall was possible in 24 patients, 5 of which were primary in the recent postoperative phase, 5 had primary suture of the fascia and application of the supra‐aponeurotic prosthesis and 14 had closure of the abdominal wall with a composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polypropylene mesh. Second intention closure took place in the remaining 22 patients (48%), as their conditions did not allow primary closure. The mean treatment time with abdominal dressing was 26 days (6–92) with an average of eight changes per patient. The abdominal dressing topical negative pressure system is a useful option for consideration in the event of needing to leaves the abdomen open. It stabilises the abdominal wall and quantifies and collects exudate from the wound, protects the intra‐abdominal viscera and keeps the fascia intact and the cutaneous plane for subsequent closure of the wall.     

扁平化排班责任包干制在优质护理实践中的成效

目的 探讨在“优质护理服务示范工程活动”中实施扁平化排班模式结合责任护士包干制护理患者的成效.方法 对骨科病区30名护士按扁平化排班模式优化排班、责任包干制护理患者,分别于实施前后对患者、护士、医生进行满意度调查.结果 实施后患者对责任护士满意度、护士对自身工作满意度、医生对护士满意度显著高于实施前(P＜0.05,P＜...