Second harmonic generation imaging of the pig lamina cribrosa using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope-based microscope

We describe a novel scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO)-based on a video-rate second harmonic generation imaging microscope. A titanium:sapphire femtosecond laser was coupled to a modified SLO. The laser beam was scanned over the sample, and the light produced by second harmonic generation (SHG) was collected for imaging at video-speed. The device was used for imaging the lamina cribrosa (LC) of enucleated pig eyes. A resolution comparable to that of commercial multiphoton microscopes was reached. The SHG images were used for determining the average pore size of the LC determined from the images; the pressure dependence of the pore size was studied by the artificial increasing of the hydrostatic pressure in the eye. A pressure increase of 44.3 mmHg enlarged the average pore size of 62 analyzed pores by a statistically significant amount. The relative pore growth was measured at four different pressure levels in 25 pores. The pressure was increased in 15 mmHg steps. A general tendency for monothonic growth was observed, although single pores grew by no means linearly.     

Idiopathic Calcinosis of the Scrotum: Scanning Electron Microscopic Study with X-Ray Microanalysis

In a 31-year-old man 12 nodules up to 1 cm in diameter were observed in the scrotum; these had developed over 3 years. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of the dermal foci showed a high content of calcium and phosphorus even in nodules smaller than 1 mm in diameter. No increased mineral deposition was observed in the surrounding connective tissue, however. Scanning electron microscopy revealed finely granulated crystals, and cellular remnants giving rise to development of calcified nodules were disclosed. The results support the hypothesis of a degenerative origin of scrotal calcinosis.     

膝关节软组织的影像检查新方法

膝关节软组织由于解剖关系复杂一直是影像检查的难点,普通CT因成像角度的限制难以前交叉韧带全程显示;我们发现膝关节MRI片令少数病例能显示前交叉韧带全程,诊断符合率很低(2例)而后交叉韧带显示较容易,关节镜术前也需确定前交叉韧带的情况以决定术式。我们认为必须研究一种新的检查方法,以提高前交叉韧带的完整显示率。材料与方法:MRI对软组织的分辨率很高,用来检查前交叉韧带应该没有问题,只是需要对扫描角度调整,我们应用中场强MRI设备,常规线圈,下肢固定,选用新的扫描方式和序列。我们又用普通CT探索出两种方法进行前交叉韧带CT扫描。结果:几种方法均对前交叉韧带显示清晰,诊断肯定。结论:新的检查方法能提高前交叉韧带的完整显示率,提高诊断准确程度。     

改进的光镜检查尿红细胞形态在血尿诊断中的价值

目的探讨普通光镜检查尿红细胞形态在血尿诊断中的准确性。方法用双盲法研究９２例血尿病人，其中５２例经肾活检证实为肾小球疾病，非肾小球疾病４０例。应用普通光镜，降低其聚光镜强度，在暗视野中观察尿畸型红细胞形态，使能获得与位相显微镜检查相似的清晰效果。结果用这种方法统计尿红细胞中畸型红细胞百分率，当尿畸型红细胞≥７０％时，诊断为肾小球性血尿，敏感性达９２％，特异性１００％。结论经改良后的光镜检查操作简便，准确性高，有较大的临床实用意义。     

PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞超微结构的影响

目的:探讨罗格列酮对链尿佐菌类(STZ)糖尿病大鼠心肌超微结构改变的影响。方法:将48只雄性W istar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组)、糖尿病组(T组)利罗格列酮干预组(R组),分别于实验8周和12周检测血糖、血清C肽水平、心重指数和心肌细胞表面积,留取大鼠的左心室组织块行透射电镜扫描,观察心肌超微结构的改变。结果:与同期正常对照组相比,T组和R组心肌细胞中线粒体肿胀、变性,肌原纤维灶性溶解、变性,心肌纤维排列不整齐、断裂及收缩带形成;T组随时间进展病情加重,而R组心肌病变较R组轻,且随疗程进展病变明显减轻。讨论:罗格列酮作为PPARγ激动剂,具有抗炎、保护心肌的降糖外作用。     

孤立性脉络膜血管瘤共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影影像分析

目的探讨孤立性脉络膜血管瘤共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影的影像学特征及其临床意义。方法采用海德堡HRA2共焦激光扫描血管造影系统对21例21只眼孤立性脉络膜血管瘤进行眼底血管造影检查，其中12例行荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）检查，9例行FFA和吲哚菁绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography，ICGA）同步检查，分析比较孤立性脉络膜血管瘤2种检查的影像学特征。结果FFA检查动脉前期或动脉早期血管丛状或斑状强荧光，静脉期强荧光灶明显渗漏融合，晚期瘤体呈弥漫性强荧光。6例瘤体表面有明显的不规则点片状弱荧光，13例瘤体表面及周围视网膜毛细血管扩张。10例可见与视网膜色素上皮带状萎缩相应的透见荧光。ICGA检查影像特征为早期瘤体由不规则网状血管团样强荧光，中期瘤体呈强荧光团，晚期所有病例均有特征性的“冲洗现象”。FFA和ICGA同步检查同屏显示，成像清晰，有可比性，ICGA比FFA更清晰显示瘤体范围。结论孤立性脉络膜血管瘤ICGA影像比FFA更具有特征性，并能清晰显示肿瘤大小边界；FFA则可清晰显示视网膜血管及视网膜色素上皮的继发性损伤。激光扫描FFA和ICGA同步检查可为孤立性脉络膜血管瘤诊断、治疗及疗效监测提供更多的临床信息。     

SURFACE DEGRADATION OF COMPOSITE RESINS BY ACIDIC MEDICINES AND pH-CYCLING

This study evaluated the effects of acidic medicines (Dimetapp® and Claritin®), under pH-cycling conditions, on the surface degradation of four composite resins (microhybrid: TPH, Concept, Opallis and Nanofilled: Supreme). Thirty disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 5.0 mm / thickness = 2.0 mm) of each composite were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): a control and two experimental groups, according to the acidic medicines evaluated. The specimens were finished and polished with aluminum oxide discs, and the surface roughness was measured by using a profilometer. After the specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen and immersion in acidic medicines for 12 days, the surface roughness was measured again. Two specimens for each material and group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pH-cycling. Data were analyzed by the Student''s-t test, ANOVA, Duncan''s multiple range test and paired t-test (α=0.05). Significant increase in roughness was found only for TPH in the control group and TPH and Supreme immersed in Claritin® (p<0.05). SEM analyses showed that the 4 composite resins underwent erosion and surface degradation after being subjected to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, although the roughness was slightly affected, the pH-cycling and acidic medicines caused surface degradation of the composite resins evaluated. Titratable acidity seemed to play a more crucial role on surface degradation of composite resins than pH.     

Uncombable Hair (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli et canaliculi) Syndrome: Brief Review and Role of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Diagnosis

Uncombable hair syndrome was first described some 3 decades ago as "cheveux incoiffables" and is also known as spun-glass hair and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Both inherited (autosomal dominant and recessive with variable levels of penetrance) and sporadic forms of uncombable hair syndrome have been described, both being characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature of hair in this syndrome is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair in at least 50%of hairs examined by scanning electron microscopy. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takeson a spun-glassappearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. Only the scalp hair is affected. Several conditions are associated with uncombable hair, such as ectodermal dysplasia, retinal dysplasia/ pigmentary dystrophy, juvenile cataract, digit abnormalities, tooth enamel anomalies, oligodontia, and phalangoepiphyseal dysplasia. Other syndromes with hair abnormalities may also mimic uncombable hair syndrome clinically and these include, Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia; loose anagen hair syndrome; ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodatyly, cleft lip/ palate (EEC) syndrome; and familial tricho-odonto-onchyial ectodermal dysplasia with syndactyly. Unlike other conditions with an uncombable hair component, uncombable hair syndrome alone (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli etcanaliculi) is not associated with physical, neurologic, or mental abnormalities. In most cases of uncombable hair syndrome, the hair is grossly abnormal in infancy and early childhood, but may have improved manageability later in life. Scanning electron microscopy of hair samples provides definitive evidence for diagnosis of clinically suspected uncombable hair syndrome and eliminates other hair abnormalities from the differential diagnosis.     

补中益气颗粒对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型大鼠甲状腺超微结构的影响

目的通过观察补中益气颗粒对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)模型大鼠甲状腺超微结构的影响,探讨其改善桥本氏甲状腺炎的机制。方法50只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、补中益气组、优甲乐组和补中益气+优甲乐组,每组10只。除空白组外,其余各组运用猪甲状腺球蛋白和弗氏佐剂混合免疫注射法,联合高碘喂养法复制EAT大鼠模型。补中益气组予补中益气颗粒,优甲乐组予西药优甲乐,补中益气+优甲乐组予补中益气颗粒和优甲乐两种药物。用药干预2个月后,检测各组甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)水平;分离大鼠甲状腺,观察大鼠甲状腺组织病理变化并在透射电镜下观察大鼠甲状腺超微结构改变。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清TPOAb、TGAb水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,补中益气组、优甲乐组和补中益气+优甲乐组大鼠血清TPOAb、TGAb水平明显下降(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠光镜下甲状腺滤泡受损,淋巴细胞浸润,电镜下甲状腺滤泡细胞呈高柱状,胞浆内见大小不等的空泡,细胞核多形性,线粒体肿胀明显,嵴消失,粗面内质网扩张,微绒毛变短变粗,细胞器超微结构明显受损;与模型组比较,补中益气组大鼠甲状腺滤泡及细胞器超微结构受损减轻。结论补中益气颗粒能减轻EAT大鼠甲状腺超微结构的病理损害。