Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 activates platelets and supports platelet adhesion under flow conditions, which involves glycoprotein Ibα and αIIbβ3

Summary.  Objectives:  Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 (SSL5) is an exoprotein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus that has been shown to inhibit neutrophil rolling over activated endothelial cells via a direct interaction with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Methods and Results:  When purified recombinant SSL5 was added to washed platelets in an aggregometry set-up, complete and irreversible aggregation was observed. Proteolysis of the extracellular part of GPIbα or the addition of dRGDW abrogated platelet aggregation. When a mixture of isolated platelets and red cells was perfused over immobilized SSL5 at a shear rate of 300 s⁻¹, stable platelet aggregates were observed, and platelet deposition was substantially reduced after proteolysis of GPIb or after addition of dRGDW. SSL5 was shown to interact with glycocalicin, a soluble GPIbα fragment, and binding of SSL5 to platelets resulted in GPIb-mediated signal transduction as evidenced by translocation of 14-3-3ζ. In addition, SSL5 was shown to interact with endothelial cell matrix (ECM) and this interaction enhanced aggregation of platelets from whole blood to this ECM. Conclusions:  SSL5 activates and aggregates platelets in a GPIbα-dependent manner, which could be important in colonization of the vascular bed and evasion of the immune system by S. aureus .     

SSL方案治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血40例疗效观察

应用 SSL 方案治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)40例。总有效率64%,经证实,采用此方案治疗(CAA)疗效显著,副作用小,可推广使用。     

SSL在B/S架构HIS中的应用

目的：通过使用SSL实现HIS的安全通信。方法：通过对服务器Apache和CGI的配置,使服务器具备支持HTTPS连接的能力。结果：医院工作人员在访问HIS重要页面时,Apache自动切换到加密页面。结论：使用SSL可以有效地保护医院数据的安全。     

SSL教学法对学生学习主动性的培养

目的探索SSL教学法（Scene Simulated Learning）大学实践性较强的学科中的应用。方法以中药炮制学教学为例，通过模拟相关知识牵涉的“情境”来展开教学（SSL教学），并将PBL教学法引入其中，让学生“据实发挥”，训练其发散思维，提高学习主动性。结果调查问卷反映学生普遍欢迎该教学法，与传统教学法相比，改进后的SSL教学法体现出与时俱进的优势。结论将SSL教学法与PBL教学法相结合，可很好地激发学生对所学学科的学习兴趣。     

Sterically stable liposomes improve the therapeutic effect of hepatic stimulator substance on fulminant hepatic failure in rats

Background and aims

Few drugs have been confirmed to be effective for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The purpose of this study was to prepare sterically stable liposomes (SSL) encapsulating hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) and determine their therapeutic effect on FHF.

Methods

HSS were encapsulated into SSL (HSS-SSL). FHF was induced in rats by thioacetamide (TAA) injection (400 mg/kg, three times with a 24-h interval). The agents, including HSS-SSL, SSL, HSS, and sodium chloride (NS), were each injected intravenously 2 h after the second and the third TAA injection.

Results

Freshly prepared HSS-SSL had a mean size of 93.59 nm and the average encapsulation efficiency was 37.20%. HSS encapsulated in SSL showed a longer half life and more potent target to injured livers than free HSS. Twenty-four hours after the third TAA-injection, the survival rate of HSS-SSL-treated rats (80%) was significantly higher than that of rats treated with NS (20%), SSL (25%), or HSS (50%). Histopathologic examination showed that there was the least necrosis and inflammation in the livers of HSS-SSL-treated rats. The incidence of stage 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy in HSS-SSL-treated rats was significantly lower than that in rats treated with other agents. The serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and hepatic lipid peroxidation levels were both markedly reduced, while hepatocyte proliferative rate was markedly increased after HSS-SSL treatment.

Conclusion

Encapsulation by SSL markedly improved the therapeutic effect of HSS on FHF in rats. Encapsulation by SSL may be an effective approach to enhance the therapeutic potency of drugs for FHF.     

SSL—PBL教学法在中药制药技术专业实训的应用

实训是中药制药技术专业教学的重要环节,教学法对实训有着重要的影响。比较情境模拟教学法（SSL）、以问题为基础的教学法（PBL）与传统教学法的不同,探索了SSL与PBL相结合教学法在中药制药技术专业实训中的应用,阐述相关的设计方案、实施过程及效果意义。     

“水三仙”口服液对小鼠免疫性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:探讨“水三仙”口服液(SSL)对卡介苗(BCG)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:静脉注射BCG和LPS诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤。在注射LPS前,小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的SSL(10、15、20mL/kg),连续10d后,取血清,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性,测定肝组织匀浆中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:不同剂量的SSL治疗组小鼠血清ALT、AST、LDH活性及肝组织匀浆MDA含量均低于模型组,且肝组织损伤不同程度地减轻。结论:“水三仙”口服液对BCG和LPS诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

模糊控制在电子商务中的应用

随着网上商务的发展，安全已变得越来越重要，网景（Netscape）公司开发出的安全套接字协议（Secure Sockets Layer protocol,SSL）很好地实现了这一点，同时它也是电子商务中使用最为广泛的安全协议。然而，SSL协议本身还有一些不足和待改进的地方，本文深入研究分析了SSL协议的原理和存在的问题，给出了相应改进方案，并用模糊控制算法将这些改进方案应用于SSL协议中，模拟实验表明，改进的SSL协议具有明显的优点。