Increased IgE antibody responses in rats exposed to tobacco smoke

Raised serum IgE levels were found in a high proportion of rats that had been exposed to tobacco smoke twice daily 5 days a week for 8 wk in a Dontenville-type smoking machine. Levels above 1 ng/ml of IgE were found in nine of 20 animals exposed to cigarette smoke and in five of 20 rats exposed to smoke from cigarettes with 1.45% phenylmethyloxidiazole added for possible protection against the effects of the smoke. None of the 20 control rats exhibited similarly increased serum IgE. Exposure to tobacco smoke did not significantly affect the serum concentrations of IgM and IgG. The development of specific IgE and IgG antibodies was also influenced by tobacco smoke exposure. Rats exposed to ovalbumin aerosol developed increased levels of IgG and IgE antibodies, whereas no effect on the development of antibody titers was found in rats immunized by the subcutaneous route. This study demonstrates that exposure to tobacco smoke increases serum IgE levels and enhances sensitization via the airways by a local effect, thus supporting the "mucosal theory of atopy."     

Quantitative changes in cytological molecular markers during primary medical treatment of breast cancer: A pilot study

Aim: To quantify the changes in biological molecular markers during primary medical treatment in patients with operable breast cancer and to assess their possible relationship with response to treatment.Methods: The treatment group consisted of 31 patients with operable breast carcinomas, median age 57 years (range 41–67), treated with four 3weekly cycles of chemotherapy with Mitoxantrone, methotrexate (± mitomycin C), and tamoxifen before surgery. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was used to obtain samples from patients prior to and at 10 or 21 days posttreatment. The following molecular markers were assessed: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), p53, Bcl2, and Ki67 measured by immunocytochemistry, and ploidy and Sphase fraction (SPF) by flow cytometry. To evaluate the reproducibility of the technique, repeat FNA was performed in a separate nontreatment control group of 20 patients and the same molecular markers assessed, two weeks after the first sample with no intervening treatment.Results: The nontreatment control group showed a high reproducibility for the measurement of molecular markers from repeat FNA. In the treatment group there was a nonsignificant reduction in SPF and a significant reduction (p = 0.005) in Ki67. Patients who responded to neoadjuvant therapy were more likely to have a reduction in these two markers than those who failed to respond. Similarly, a reduction in ER scores was observed between the first and second samples (p = 0.04). For PgR, the change between the first and second samples was not significant although there was a significant difference between responders and nonresponders (p = 0.03). All nine patients with an increase in PgR were responders. No significant changes in p53 or Bcl2 were observed during treatment.Conclusion: Molecular markers can be adequately measured from FNA samples prior to and during neoadjuvant therapy. Changes in cellular proliferation and hormone receptors have been shown that may be related to tumour response. These relationships should be assessed in a larger cohort of patients.     

卵巢癌DNA水平、S期比例、雌孕激素受体与临床病理组织学的关系

测定了２４例卵巢癌标本的ＤＮＡ水平、Ｓ期比例（ＳＰＦ）及雌、孕激素受体（ＥＲ、ＰＲ），分析了它们之间以及与临床病理组织学之间的关系。结果表明，卵巢癌ＤＮＡ水平、ＳＰＦ与有无腹水及病理分级有明显的关系；二倍体组的ＰＲ阳性率明显高于异倍体组；二倍体组的ＳＰＦ明显低于异倍体组；ＥＲ（－）ＰＲ（－）组的ＳＰＦ明显高于ＥＲ（＋）ＰＲ（＋）组。提示卵巢癌ＤＮＡ水平和ＳＰＦ可作为一个相对独立的反映卵巢癌生物学行为的客观指标，对估计卵巢癌的预后和选择治疗方案有较大的价值。     

Attenuation of porcine circovirus 2 in SPF piglets by abrogation of ORF3 function

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), open reading frame 3 (ORF3) codes a 105 amino acid protein that causes apoptosis of PCV2 infected cells. In infected cells, the ORF3 causes the accumulation of p53 by interacting with pPirh2 and possibly by disrupting the association of p53 and pPirh2 (J.Virol.81(2007)9560). Mutant PCV2 lacking the expression of ORF3 are infectious and replicate in cells in vitro, but do not cause apoptosis of the infected cells. The ORF3 of PCV2 has been shown to be involved in pathogenesis of the virus in mice model (J. Virol. 80(2006)5065). Here we report the experimental inoculation of ORF3 deficient PCV2 in its natural host, the piglets. The pathogenicity of the ORF3 deficient virus is attenuated in the piglets. The mutant virus did not cause any observable disease or perturbation of the lymphocyte count in the inoculated piglets and elicited an efficient immune response. When compared with the wildtype virus infection, the mutant virus infection was characterized by mild viremia and absence of pathological lesions. The findings highlight the role of ORF3 in the pathogenesis of PCV2 infection in its host.     

影响SPF-290分析仪测定结果的因素研究

[目的 ]　研究SPF - 2 90防晒系数分析仪测定SPF值过程中的影响因素。 [方法 ]　选择防晒化妆品乳液和膏霜共 1 0个作为测定样本 ,研究SPF - 2 90防晒系数分析仪测定过程中的影响因素。　 [结果 ]　涂样用膜的孔径与测得的SPF值成反向关系 ;SPF值随放置时间的延长而增大 ,至 2 0min左右 ,变化幅度减小 ;温度与测得的SPF值成正向关系 ;湿度与SPF值成反向关系 ;所有样品的SPF值都随涂布量的增加而增加 ,涂布量的微小变化可能会引起SPF值的较大变化。　 [结论 ]　要使测定结果具有可比性 ,应在用膜孔径、放置时间、测定时环境温度、湿度、加样量等测试条件上加以规范     

Carcinogenicity studies of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate in F-344 rats

The carcinogenicity of sodium nitrite and of sodium nitrate was examined in F-344 rats. Sodium nitrite was administered in the drinking-water for 2 yr at levels of 0·125 or 0·25%. Sodium nitrate was given in the diet at levels of 2·5 or 5%. A variety of tumours occurred in all groups including the controls. The only significant difference between treated and control groups in the total number of tumours detected in either of the studies was a significant decrease in tumour incidence in the high-dose females given nitrite compared with controls. There was no positive dose-response relationship either in the incidence or in the induction time of tumours in either of the studies. The only significant result was a reduction in the incidence of mononuclear cell leukaemias in the experimental groups in both studies. It is concluded that sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate did not exert a carcinogenic effect that could be detected under the conditions of this study in which the animals showed a high incidence of spontaneous tumours.     

肾母细胞瘤中MMP-7、DNA倍体、SPF的表达

目的检测肾母细胞瘤组织中MMP-7的表达和DNA倍体、SPF、PI的表达率及其与临床分期、病理分级间的关系。方法应用流式细胞仪测定35例肾母细胞瘤标本的DNA倍体、SPF、PI值；应用免疫组化S-P法检测35例肾母细胞瘤标本中MMP-7的表达，并分析两者间的关系。结果与正常肾组织相比，Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期与Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期肿瘤的异倍体率、SPF、PI值均显著升高（P〈0．05），但肿瘤各临床分期（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期与Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期）之间，及病理FH型与uH型之间差异无统计学意义。MMP-7在肾母细胞瘤阳性率（65．7％），显著高于正常对照组中阳性表达率（10．0％）（P〈0．05）；肾母细胞瘤组织中MMP-7阳性表达率和DNA异倍体率呈正相关。结论测定肾母细胞瘤的DNA倍体、SPF、PI值并联合检测MMP-7的表达可以了解肾母细胞瘤的某些分子生物学特性，从分子水平上了解其增殖活性，对肾母细胞瘤的诊断及评估预后有一定的意义。     

性别、年龄对SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠血常规值的影响

目的研究SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠性别和年龄因素对其血常规值的影响。方法用MEK-7222K全自动血液分析仪检测SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠血常规值。结果SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠周龄对其体重、白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板、血小板压积、血小板分布宽度有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,周龄对中性粒细胞、血小板平均体积有显著影响（P〈0.05）,周龄对嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞、红细胞、红细胞平均体积、平均红细胞血色素量无显著影响（P〉0.05）。SPF级Wistar大鼠性别对体重、白细胞、血小板分布宽度有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,性别对嗜碱性细胞有显著影响（P〈0.05）,性别对中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、平均红细胞血色素量、血小板、血小板压积、血小板平均体积无显著影响（P〉0.05）。结论SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠的年龄、性别因素对其血常规值有显著的影响。     

人体法测定医院制剂防晒乳膏SPF值

目的:测定防晒乳膏的SPF值.方法:用人体SPF值测定法对防晒乳膏进行测定.结果:医院自制防晒乳膏的SPF值为15.参考样品SPF实测值是(4.29±0.10),和FDA提供的数值(4.47±1.29)相比,没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:该法结果准确可靠.