Association between human papillomavirus infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using two methods: PCR‐DNA enzyme immunoassay (PCR/DEIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of HPV in specimens of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate the presence of HPV with the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of recurrence and survival. HPV DNA was amplified from 93 paraffin‐embedded laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens by the short PCR fragment (SPF 10) primer set using PCR/DNA method. HPV detection using monoclonal anti‐human papilloma virus antibodies Clone K1H8 for IHC reaction was performed on 130 specimens. HPV was identified in 35.5% of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using PCR/DEIA and 27.7% using IHC. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of HPV and the epidemiological and clinicopathological features and recurrence. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of HPV and overall survival nor disease specific survival. Statistically significant correlation between HPV detection using PCR/DEIA technique and IHC technique was found. The presence of HPV infection in 27.7% and 38.9% of the patients suggests a possible role in the etiology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The SPF₁₀ PCR/DEIA technique is the most accurate method for detection of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 82:1017–1023, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

SPF级新西兰兔脏器参数、血液指标、心率、颈动脉血压、心室压的测定与比较

目的 准确测定SPF新西兰兔生物学特性尤其是疾病相关的指标, 并进行性别间比较。方法 取70~80日龄左右SPF新西兰兔30只, 饲养1周后, 精确称量体重及主要脏器重量;采集动脉血测定血液生理、生化、血气指标;颈动脉插管测定动脉压, 呼吸支持情况下进行开胸测定心室压。结果 雄性与雌性新西兰兔比较: 甲状腺、肾上腺、肝的质量差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);脑、脑垂体、甲状腺的脏器系数差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);甲状腺、肾上腺、肝的脏脑比系数差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白量的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);谷氨酰转肽酶、淀粉酶的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);血气分析、心率、颈动脉收缩/舒张压, 左心室收缩/舒张压, 右心室收缩/舒张压不存在性别间差异。结论 性别对新西兰兔脏器重量及血液生理生化指标有一定影响, 而血气、血压、心率及心室压指标不存在性别间差异。     

Skin absorption and human exposure estimation of three widely discussed UV filters in sunscreens – In vitro study mimicking real-life consumer habits

Due to health concerns about safety, three UV-filters (Benzophenone-3, BP3, 10%; Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, EHMC, 10%; Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, BMDBM; 5%) were examined in vitro for absorption on full-thickness pig-ear skin, mimicking human in-use conditions. Kinetic profiles confirmed the rapid permeation of BP3; after the first hour of skin (frozen-stored) exposure to 2 mg/cm² (W/O sunscreen; recommended but unrealistic amount), about 0.5% of the applied dose passed into the receptor fluid. The absorption rate of filters was higher from W/O than from O/W emulsions. The fresh/frozen-stored skin permeability coefficient (0.83–0.54) for each UV filter was taken into account. Systemic Exposure Dosage of BP3, EHMC, BMDBM for humans as a consequence of (i) whole-body and (ii) face treatment with 0.5 mg/cm² of W/O sunscreen for 6-h skin exposure followed by washing and subsequent 18-h permeation (a realistic scenario) were estimated to be (i) 4744, 1032 and 1036 μg/kg-bw/day, and (ii) 153, 33 and 34 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. From Margin of Safety for BP3, EHMC and BMDBM (i) 42, 485 and 192 as well as (ii) 1307; 15,151 and 5882, respectively, only the value of 42 (<100) for BP3 indicated a possible health risk. Escalation of a phobia towards all organic UV filters is undesirable.     

防晒化妆品的SPF测定

为制订我国防晒化妆品防晒功能评价标准提供理论依据，笔者参照美国ＦＤＡ推荐的标准试验方法，制订了６种市售防晒化妆品和标准参考配方的ＳＰＦ值，结果显示，用笔者建立的测试方法所测定的参考配方ＳＰＦ值是４．１２±１．１６和ＦＤＡ提供的数值４．４７±１．１４相比较差别没有显著性（Ｕ＝１．３７，Ｐ〉０．０５），说明我们建立的方法是可靠的，另外６种防晒化妆品的ＳＰＦ值从２．１６～９．６６不等，２０名正常人的ＵＢ     

抗水性防晒化妆品仪器测试的研究

[目的 ]研究SPF 2 90防晒系数分析仪用于评价抗水性防晒化妆品的可能性。 [方法 ]选择 4个标有抗水或防水功能宣传的防晒化妆品和 1个一般的防晒化妆品 ,用SPF 2 90防晒系数分析仪和振荡水槽测定。 [结果 ]SPF 2 90防晒系数分析仪的测定结果与防晒化妆品的宣传基本一致 ;长波紫外辐射 /中波紫外辐射 (UVA/UVB)比值的变化可推断水带走的产品中两类防晒剂的情况 ;水槽温度在 2 0～ 3 0℃、振荡频率在 5 0～ 2 0 0次 /min之间对样品的抗水性测试结果无明显影响。 [结论 ]SPF 2 90防晒系数分析仪可用于分析抗水性产品的防晒功能 ,并可判断配方中哪种吸收剂的疏水能力更强 ;在上述条件下抗水性测试结果稳定     

子宫内膜癌患者TSGF表达与细胞增殖的关系

目的:探讨血清TSGF检测对子宫内膜癌的应用价值及其与细胞增殖的关系。方法:对30例子宫内膜癌患者术前外周血TSGF进行检测,同时对肿瘤组织DNA含量进行分析。结果:①子宫内膜癌患者血清TSGF含量及阳性率明显升高,敏感性为64.9%,特异性为62.5%,阳性预测值61.5%,阴性预测值65.8%,正确诊断率63.6%;②TSGF阳性者肿瘤细胞SPF明显升高,显著高于TSGF阴性者(P<0.05),PI指数略有上升,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),三者呈平行关系。结论:血清TSGF检测对子宫内膜癌具有一定的诊断价值,并与肿瘤细胞的增殖有关。     

Formulation and evaluation of UV protective synbiotic skin care topical formulation

Objective: The objective of current study to investigate the photo protective potential of synbiotic formulation comprising of prebiotic and probiotic.

Methods: Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method and investigated for physical-chemical properties including morphology, physical state, and free radical scavenging potential. Selection of probiotic biomass was made on the free radical scavenging potential by using NO assay. A topical w/o emulsion-based cream was prepared with screened ingredients to achieve a stable product with optimum free radical scavenging potential. The finished product was investigated for various mechanical, physiochemical, and viscoelastic characteristics. The SPF of optimized formulation was determined in UV-stimulated Wistar rat model.

Results: Results indicated that the finished product shows nanoscale feature of elemental selenium. Cream comprising of potential free radical reagent (Selenium nanoparticles with IC₅₀ 50.097 µg/ml and biomass of Lactobacillus rhamnosus have IC₅₀ 61.63 µg/ml) exhibits a SPF of 29.77. Optimized skin care formulation has desirable physiochemical and viscoelastic properties required for topical application. Histopathology and Draize test indicated the finished product does not show any sign of skin toxicity.

Conclusion: Results inferred that topical formulation combining the features of selenium and probiotic biomass offer an effective alternative for the treatment of sunburn complications.     

CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induced by TGF-β, IL-2 and all-trans retinoic acid attenuate obliterative bronchiolitis in rat trachea transplantation

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the major obstacle for long-term allograft survival in lung transplantation, and the underlying mechanism is still not well understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be essential in the maintenance of immune tolerance. In this study we investigated the role of Tregs in protecting OB in rat. We show that the combination of TGF-β, Interleukin (IL)-2, and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) could induce naïve rat CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells to differentiate into CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells in vitro, and they acquired suppressive function. In a rat orthotopic tracheal transplantation OB model, the adoptive transfer of the induced Tregs reduced symptoms of airway obliteration and fibrication of grafts when compared with adoptive transfer of control cells without suppressive property. Moreover, recipients treated with the induced Tregs secreted high level of immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β and IL-10, and low level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6, and MCP-1, and had fewer effector T cells including Th17 cells and Th1 cells in the graft. Taken together, these findings suggest that in vitro induced Tregs by the combination of TGF-β, IL-2, and atRA are effective in protecting rat trachea allograft rejection through the inhibition of effector T cells and their function. These datas implicate new therapies to prevent OB and allograft rejection in human lung transplantation.     

Sun protection factor persistence on human skin during a day without physical activity or ultraviolet exposure

Background/purpose: Recently, we showed that the sun protection factor (SPF) decreases by a constant factor to reach 55% during a day with activities. Organic sunscreens but not inorganic ones are absorbed through the skin. We wished to determine the SPF decrease caused by absorption by investigating the difference in SPF decreases between an organic and an inorganic sunscreen, assuming that the sunscreens are stable, and that the SPF decrease is time dependent if caused by absorption.
Methods: Sunscreens were used on the backs of 22 participants, who were physically inactive at 22 °C. SPF testing was performed 30 min, 4, and 8 h after application of 2 mg/cm² sunscreen. Whether cream evaporation changed the ultraviolet (UV) transmission was studied in vitro .
Results: The SPFs of the organic and inorganic sunscreens were reduced by about 25% after 8 h. Evaporation of the cream did not cause a change in UV transmission in vitro .
Conclusion: A similar decrease in SPF of the organic and inorganic sunscreen was seen during 8 h without activities, and is thus not likely to be caused by absorption or evaporation from the skin. The SPF decrease after 8 h is about 55% when the participants perform activities and 25% without activities.
Trial registration: Registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Register name: 'Sunscreen: Persistence of Sun Protection Factor and the Influence on Vitamin D'. Register number H-B-2007-120.