利福霉素钠和利福平在治疗肺结核中的安全性比较

目的分析利福霉素钠和利福平在治疗肺结核中的安全性。方法选取2018年8月至2019年9月本院收治的50例肺结核患者为研究对象,采用随机分组法分为两组,每组25例。对照组采取利福平治疗,观察组采取利福霉素钠治疗。比较两组临床效果及不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.00%,明显高于对照组的60.00%(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为4.00%,明显低于对照组的40.00%(P<0.05);治疗3、6、12、18、24个月,观察组痰菌转阴率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利福霉素钠和利福平均可改善肺结核患者病情,但利福霉素钠临床效果更佳,不良反应发生率更低,痰菌转阴率更高,可作为临床治疗首要考虑方案。     

Tet-on诱导表达c-myc和SV40Tag的转基因小鼠肿瘤模型

目的 研究Tet-on诱导表达c-myc和SV40Tag小鼠肿瘤模型的肿瘤发生和基因表达情况,探讨c-myc基因的作用.方法 用pTRE2-c-myc单阳性转基因小鼠和Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag双阳性转基因小鼠交配,后代检测得到Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag、pTRE2-c-myc三阳性转基因小鼠,经强力霉素诱导一段时间以后,观察肿瘤的发生;通过RT-PCR、病理组织切片和磁共振等方法对肿瘤的发生部位和时相进行研究.结果 Tet-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag、pTRE2-c-myc三阳性转基因小鼠①经诱导后发生肿瘤,且发瘤率和发瘤时间高于和短于Tel-on、pTRE2-SV40Tag双阳性转基因小鼠;②c-myc和SV40Tag基因在表达部位上有所不同.结论 c-myc和SV40Tag基因同时表达与SV40Tag基因单独表达时相比,肿瘤发生明显增强,提示c-myc基因与肿瘤的发生有着密切关系.     

阿奇霉素联合利福霉素钠小剂量地塞米松对大叶肺炎患者血浆凝血酶调节蛋白和D-二聚体及降钙素原影响研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素联合利福霉素钠、小剂量地塞米松对大叶肺炎患者血浆凝血酶调节蛋白和D-二聚体及降钙素原的影响. 方法:选取我院收治的大叶肺炎患者137例,根据治疗方法的不同,分为两组,实验组予阿奇霉素、利福霉素钠、小剂量地塞米松治疗. 对照组予阿奇霉素治疗,7d为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程. 治疗后,观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效,咳嗽、呼吸不畅、啰音等症状,以及血浆凝血酶调节蛋白、D-二聚体、降钙素原的变化. 结果:与对照组相比较,实验组的临床疗效明显改善( P<0.05) ,临床症状缓解显著( P<0.05) ,血浆凝血酶调节蛋白、D-二聚体、降钙素原显著降低( P<0.05) ,差异均有统计学意义. 结论:阿奇霉素联合利福霉素钠、小剂量地塞米松能够降低大叶肺炎患者血浆凝血酶调节蛋白、D-二聚体及降钙素原的水平,改善临床症状,疗效可靠,值得临床推广使用.     

miR‐410 suppresses the expression of interleukin‐6 as well as renal fibrosis in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a highly complex autoimmune disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Previously, a total of 29 miRNAs were identified to be down‐regulated in SLE patients, in which miR‐410 was likely to be involved in the signalling transduction pathways in regulating the pathogenesis of SLE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miR‐410 in LN and to find out whether miR‐410 regulates the expression of interleukin (IL)‐6 and fibrosis in LN. It was found that the expression level of miR‐410 in kidney tissue of MRL/lpr mice was decreased compared to that in BALB/C mice, whereas the level of IL‐6 was overexpressed in MRL/lpr mice. Luciferase assay showed that miR‐410 binds directly to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of IL‐6, with the results showing that overexpression of miR‐410 significantly decreased the expression level of IL‐6 in SV40MES13 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐410 significantly reduced the expression levels of fibrosis factors such as transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and collagen I/III in SV40MES13 cells; Inhibition of the expression of miR‐410 with miR‐410 inhibitor resulted in increased levels of IL‐6 as well as fibrosis factors. The results identify that miR‐410, as a novel and critical factor in the pathogenesis of LN, decreases IL‐6 expression by binding directly to the 3′UTR and suppresses fibrosis through down‐regulation of TGF‐β1 in SV40MES13 cells. Our study brings new insight into understanding the complex mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of lupus disease.     

HBVM阳性肺结核病人用利福喷丁或利福平治疗肝功能损害观察

目的 观察利福喷丁?利福平对HBVM 阳性肺结核病人肝功能的影响?方法 对HBVM 阳性和阴性肺结核病人分别用利福喷丁和利福平治疗,观察治疗前后肝功能损害情况?结果 利福平组较利福喷丁组出现肝损害多( P< 0-01) ;HBVM 阳性较阴性病人易出现肝损害( P< 0-01) ;利福平组HBVM 阳性较阴性病人出现肝损害多( P< 0-01) ;利福喷丁组HBVM 阳性和阴性肝损害发生率无显著差异( P> 0-05) ?结论 抗结核治疗时HBVM 阳性比阴性病人更易发生肝损害,与其用药前即存在肝病理损害有关,治疗肺结核用利福喷丁比利福平疗效好且安全?     

SV40-like DNA sequences in pleural mesothelioma,bronchopulmonary carcinoma,and non-malignant pulmonary diseases

Pleural and pulmonary malignancies are usually associated with well-known carcinogen exposure. Recently, the presence of simian virus 40 (SV40)-like DNA sequences has been detected in brain and bone-related human cancers and in pleural mesothelioma. In order to determine whether SV40-like DNA sequences are also present in bronchopulmonary carcinoma and non-malignant lung samples, 125 frozen pleural and pulmonary samples (including 21 mesotheliomas, 63 bronchopulmonary carcinomas, 8 other tumours, and 33 non-malignant samples) and 38 additional samples distant from tumours were studied for the occurrence of SV40-like DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by hybridization with specific probes. Sequences related to SV40 large T antigen (Tag) were present in 28·6 per cent of bronchopulmonary carcinomas, 47·6 per cent of mesotheliomas, and 16·0 per cent of cases with non-neoplastic pleural and pulmonary disease. No statistically significant difference in the occurrence of these DNA sequences was found between malignant mesothelioma and bronchopulmonary carcinoma, but a significantly higher number of mesothelioma cases exhibited SV40-like DNA sequences in comparison with cases of non-malignant pleural or pulmonary disease (P<0·04). Among cases positive for SV40-like DNA sequences, a history of asbestos exposure was found in 3 out of 12 bronchopulmonary carcinomas and 8 out of 10 mesotheliomas. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies directed against Tag did not demonstrate nuclear staining. The DNA sequences were not related to BK virus sequences, but three samples were positive with probes hybridizing with JC virus DNA sequences. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the presence of SV40-like DNA sequences in pulmonary neoplasms and in non-malignant lung tissues. It appears that the presence of SV40-like DNA is not unique to cancer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rabphilin-3A is transported with fast anterograde axonal transport and associated with synaptic vesicles

Rab3a has been proposed to be involved in the process of exocytosis. It undergoes a membrane association/dissociation cycle which is dependent upon alteration in its GTP-GDP state. Rabphilin-3A is one of the most attractive candidates for a Rab3a effector molecule in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. It binds selectively to the GTP-bound form of Rab3a as well as of Rab3c. Fast axonal transport was studied by crushing spinal roots and sciatic nerves, resulting in accumulations of transported, organelle-bound substances. Rabphilin-3A was transported with fast anterograde transport, but <10% of the proximal accumulation was detected in the recycling vesicle population. The pattern for accumulation of rabphilin-3A was similar to that of Rab3a accumulation, including the poor recycling. However, synaptophysin and SV2, two transmembrane synaptic vesicle proteins, accumulated in large amounts in many axons distal to the crushes, and the amounts of recycling synaptophysin and SV2, in percentages of anterograde accumulations, were about 70% and 60%, respectively. Double-labelling showed a high degree of colocalization between Rab3a and rabphilin-3A in spinal roots and sciatic nerves. The two proteins essentially colocalized in the nerve terminals of the spinal cord and in motor endplates. Immuno-EM studies demonstrated that rabphilin-3A was present on clear small synaptic vesicles in the proximal segment, but was absent from vesicles in the distal segment. Rabphilin-3A also associated with the synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic compartment. Results indicate that rabphilin-3A is associated with the membrane of synaptic vesicles during anterograde transport. Furthermore, as it colocalized in most, but not all, structures with Rab3a, results support the hypothesis that rabphilin-3A is interacting with Rab3a. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

十全大补汤对SV40T抗原转基因小鼠晶状体自发肿瘤的抑制作用及其分子机制

目的：探讨十全大补汤对SV40 T抗原转基因（TG）小鼠晶状体自发肿瘤的抑制作用,阐明其抑癌的分子机制。方法：SV40 T抗原TG小鼠随机分为对照组（n=39）和药物处理组（n=25）,对照组小鼠正常喂食,药物处理组小鼠出生3周后开始喂食添加十全大补汤的饲料,记录每只小鼠生存时间。在喂食十全大补汤8周和15周时,随机抽取各组小鼠（n=3）尾静脉血,检测血清氨基酸水平。取血后小鼠麻醉致死并取出肝脏,利用基因芯片杂交检测小鼠肝脏组织中与核糖体功能相关的基因表达差异。结果：生存分析,与对照组比较,药物处理组TG小鼠生存率明显升高（P<0.05）。氨基酸检测,与对照组比较,喂食十全大补汤8周时,药物处理组TG小鼠血清中丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、肌氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸和羟赖氨酸水平升高（P<0.05）,胱硫醚、牛磺酸、甲基组氨酸、肌肽和乙醇胺水平降低（P<0.05）;15周时,与对照组比较,药物处理组TG小鼠血清中苏氨酸和瓜氨酸水平升高（P<0.05）,其他氨基酸水平无明显变化（P>0.05）。基因芯片杂交检测,与对照组比较,药物处理组TG小鼠肝组织表达的9 083个基因中与核糖体功能相关的13个基因发生改变（P<0.05）。结论：十全大补汤能改善TG小鼠血清氨基酸水平,增强肝脏核糖体蛋白合成,通过改善肝脏功能明显延长TG小鼠生存期。     

Effects of calorie restriction on cardioprotection and cardiovascular health

Multiple health benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and alternate day fasting (ADF) regimens are widely recognized. Experimental data concerning the effects of calorie restriction on cardiac health are more controversial, ranging from evidence that ADF protects heart from ischemic damage but results in developing of diastolic dysfunction, to reports that CR ameliorates the age-associated diastolic dysfunction. Here we investigated the effects of chronic CR on morphology and function of the cardiovascular system of aged rats and cardioprotective effect of CR against ischemic damage in the experimental rat model of MI. Cardiovascular fitness of 24-month old Fisher 344 rats maintained through life on ad libitum (AL) or CR diets was extensively evaluated via echocardiography, dobutamine stress test, pressure-volume loop analyses, pulse wave velocity measurements, and histology. Groups of 2-month old AL and 29-month old CR rats were studied for comparison. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by a permanent ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in 5-month old rats maintained for 3 months on CR or AL. MI size was evaluated histologically 24 hrs following coronary ligation. Cardiac remodeling was followed-up via echocardiography. Age-associated changes in 24-month old rats consisted of 33% increase of fibrosis in the myocardium and more than 2 fold increase of the collagen in the tunica media of the aorta. There was a significant decrease in the density and total number of cardiomyocytes, while their size was increased. These morphological changes were manifested in a decline of systolic and diastolic cardiac function, increase of left ventricular and aortic stiffness, and arterio-ventricular uncoupling. Tachycardic response to dobutamine challenge was absent in the old rats. Compared to AL rats, 24-month old CR rats had reduced levels of cardiac and aortic fibrosis, increased density of cardiomyocytes that were smaller in size, attenuated diastolic dysfunction, normal systolic function and arterio-ventricular coupling. Tachycardic response to dobutamine was also intact in CR 24-month old rats and aortic stiffness was reduced. Adjustment for body weight differences through ratiometric or allometric scaling did not affect the overall pattern of differences between AL and CR rats. Attenuation of morphological and functional age-associated changes in 24-month old CR rats either was not observed at all or was smaller in 29-month old CR rats. Size of MI induced by a permanent coronary ligation as well as post-MI cardiac remodeling and function were similar in CR and AL rats. CR does not increase tolerance of myocardium to ischemic damage, but attenuates the age-associated changes in the heart and major vessels. The attenuation of age-associated changes by CR cannot be explained by the effect of lower body weight but are attributable to more intimate cellular mechanisms of CR itself. Attenuation of age-associated changes by CR waned with advancing age, and is consistent with the idea that CR postponed senescence.