父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表的汉化与信效度检验

目的 对父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行汉化,并检验其信效度。方法 通过Brislin翻译模型汉化量表,经过文化调试,选取34名产妇配偶进行预测试修改部分条目,在210名产妇及其配偶中测试,检验该量表的信效度。 结果 中文版父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表共有14个条目,探索性因子分析提取出1个公因子,累积方差贡献率为55.038%。验证性因子分析显示,修正后的模型各项指标均达到标准,模型拟合度良好。总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.935,折半信度为0.930,重测信度为0.881。该量表各条目水平的内容效度指数为0.83~1.00,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.976,各条目间相关系数为0.389~0.643,各条目与量表总分间的相关系数为0.633~0.798,具有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。 结论 中文版父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表是评估新生儿父亲对母乳喂养信心的有效工具,量表得分可以预测产妇喂养方式,有助于临床护理人员通过干预新生儿父亲态度来改善产妇喂养信心。     

肝移植受者症状体验量表的构建及信效度检验

目的 构建肝移植受者症状体验量表,并进行信效度检验,为开展有效的症状评估及症状管理提供依据。方法 以症状体验模型为理论框架,对肝移植受者症状体验的相关研究进行系统的文献分析,结合患者访谈结果,全面构建初步条目池,并通过专家咨询的方式对条目进行评定和补充,使条目具有最佳的适宜性。通过项目分析和探索性因子分析,找出量表最佳潜在结构。结果 构建的正式量表包括20个条目,并提取了活动耐力下降相关症状、心理症状、神经系统症状、消化系统症状、睡眠相关症状、胆管阻塞相关症状6个维度,累计方差贡献率为61.619%。量表内部一致性Cronbach’s α系数为0.791,Spearman-Brown分半信度系数为0.746,平均内容效度指数为0.917。结论 本研究构建的肝移植受者症状体验量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估肝移植受者症状体验的有效工具。     

炎症性肠病患者症状群评估量表的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制科学、规范的炎症性肠病患者症状群评估量表,并进行信效度检验。 方法 以症状经历模型为指导,通过文献回顾、德尔菲专家函询形成量表初稿;对条目进行描述性定义后进行小样本预调查,根据患者反馈完善量表。便利选取2019年6月—9月在江苏省4所三级甲等综合医院消化科门诊就诊或住院的150例炎症性肠病患者进行问卷调查。运用SPSS 20.0对数据进行项目分析,测定量表的信效度。 结果 最终形成的炎症性肠病患者症状群评估量表包括18个条目,量表的内容效度指数为0.850,各条目的内容效度指数为0.941~1.000。探索性因子分析提取出5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为77.390%。各因子与总量表间呈正相关,相关系数为0.580~0.857,总量表与炎症性肠病生活质量问卷的相关系数为0.925。总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.900,重测信度为0.856。 结论 炎症性肠病患者症状群评估量表具有良好的信效度,可引导医护人员精准、针对性地评估患者,为患者制订个性化的症状管理措施提供依据。     

情绪性量表在公务员中的信效度评价

目的评价中国成年人情绪性量表在我国公务员中的信效度。方法用情绪性量表在我国公务员群体中进行施测,通过项目分析、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对量表的信效度进行检验。结果经项目分析和探索性因子分析,情绪性量表表达性因子的7个项目被删除,量表保留了愉悦性和乐观性2个因子20个项目。20个项目的题总相关系数均大于0.4,因子载荷大于0.4,共同性大于0.16。2个因子可累积解释量表总变异量的57.821%。20项量表的建构效度、收敛效度、区别效度和效标效度也都符合心理测量学的要求。量表的内部一致性信度Cronbach'sα系数为0.902,愉悦性和镇定性2个因子的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.918、0.919;愉悦性和镇定性2个因子的组合信度分别为0.919、0.848。结论情绪性量表(20项)具有良好的信效度,可以作为测量和评估我国公务员情绪性的工具。     

大学生学校适应量表的编制

目的编制适合测量我国大学生学校适应的量表。方法在查阅文献和开放式问卷的基础上,通过项目分析、鉴别度、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析确定大学生学校适应量表题目,并检验了该量表的信度和效度。结果探索性因素分析得到大学生学校适应量表包括7个因子:学习适应、师生关系适应、集体适应、同学关系适应、自主性、生活适应和学校环境适应,这7个因子可解释总变异的47.540%;验证性因素分析表明,7个因子的模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.959,REMA=0.048,TLI=0.851,CFI=0.863,GFI=0.844),大学生学校适应量表全部题目以及各因子的内部一致性信度(Cronbach's)分别为0.926、0.880、0.886、0.889、0.717、0.762、0.701、0.645,该量表全部题目的再测信度为0.854。效标关联效度的分析表明,大学生学校适应量表与幸福感指数量表呈显著正相关(r=0.615,P0.01)。结论本研究编制的大学生学校适应量表提出大学生的学校适应包括7个方面的适应:学习适应、师生关系适应、集体适应、同学关系适应、自主性、生活适应和学校环境适应,该量表具有较好的信度和效度,适合于评定我国大学生的学校适应状况。     

初中生“基本认知能力测验”信效度分析

目的初中生"基本认知能力测验"信效度分析。方法以中国社会科学院心理研究所基本认知能力测验系统(2.0版)为工具,对分层随机抽取的300名初中生进行认知能力测试。结果①各分量表重测信度比较高,其相关系数分别是:数字拷贝0.90,汉字比较0.73,心算0.75,汉字旋转0.62,数字工作0.91,双字词再认0.59,无意义图形再认0.56,均达到显著水平(P0.05);②因素分析发现基本认知能力测验有6个纬度,分别是:数字拷贝、双字词再认、数字加工、数字工作、汉字比较、心算。结论基本认知能力测验信效度较好,能很好的反映初中生的认知状况。     

A new posture measurement method for measuring intrinsic standing posture

Aims: Although body posture in relation to the dental condition has been of great interest in the dental profession, rumination bias has been a substantial obstacle to achieving a reliable objective evaluation of the intrinsic body posture. The aim of this study was to establish a posture control protocol that would minimize the effect of bias.

Methodology: Fifteen healthy male volunteers (23–33 years of age) participated in this study. The posture movement was recorded for 10 seconds by a three-dimensional motion capture system. The experiment was performed on four different days.

Results: The posture was most stable at 4–5 seconds after the start of the front bulb gaze (the mean coefficient of variation ranged from 0·1 to 44·1). The intraclass correlation coefficients for four days were 0·871–0·975 (P≤0·001).

Conclusions: It was concluded that the use of this measurement method helped in producing a reliable intrinsic standing posture where unbiased evaluation of the effect of any intervention on the body posture is researched.     

The accuracy of diagnostic tests for adenoid hypertrophy: A systematic review

BackgroundAdenoid hypertrophy may cause sleep-disordered breathing and altered craniofacial growth. The authors conducted a study to gauge the accuracy of alternative tests compared with nasoendoscopy (reference standard) for screening adenoid hypertrophy.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review that included searches of electronic databases, hand searches of bibliographies of relevant articles and gray literature searches. They included all articles in which an alternative test was compared with nasoendoscopy in children with suspected nasal or nasopharyngeal airway obstruction.ResultsThe authors identified seven articles that were of poor to good quality. They identified the following alternative tests: multirow detector computed tomography (sensitivity, 92 percent; specificity, 97 percent), videofluoroscopy (sensitivity, 100 percent; specificity, 90 percent), rhinomanometry with decongestant (sensitivity, 83 percent; specificity, 83 percent) and clinical examination (sensitivity, 22 percent; specificity, 88 percent). Lateral cephalograms tended to have good to fair sensitivity (typically 61-75 percent) and poor specificity (41-55 percent) when adenoid size was evaluated but excellent to good specificity when airway patency was evaluated (68-96 percent).ConclusionsNo ideal tool exists for dentists to screen adenoid hypertrophy, owing to access constraints, radiation concerns and suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Research is needed to identify a low-risk, easily acceptable, highly valid diagnostic screening tool.Practical ImplicationsAlthough lateral cephalograms (which have good to fair sensitivity) and a thorough medical history (which has good specificity) are imperfect individually, when they are used together, they can compensate for each other's weaknesses. This combined approach is the best tool available to dentists for screening adenoid hypertrophy.     

Test-retest reliability and responsiveness of isokinetic dynamometry to assess wrist flexor muscle spasticity in subacute post-stroke hemiparesis

IntroductionTo overcome the limitations of clinical scales, objective measurement methods are becoming prominent in spasticity assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability and responsiveness of isokinetic dynamometry to evaluate wrist flexor spasticity in patients with subacute stroke.MethodsTwenty six patients with hemiparetic stroke (13 men, 13 women, mean age 51.38 ± 12.64 years) volunteered to take part in this study. Resistive torque in the wrist flexor muscles was measured twice, 1 day apart, with an isokinetic dynamometer. Wrist extension was tested at four speeds (5, 60, 120 and 180°/s). Torque response at the lowest speed (5°/s) was attributed to the non-neural component of the wrist flexor muscles, and was subtracted from the torque response at the higher speeds to calculate reflex torque (spasticity). The reliability of reflex torque measurements at 60, 120 and 180°/s was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_2,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%), which reflect reproducibility and measurement error, respectively. Responsiveness was calculated as the smallest real difference (SRD and SRD%).ResultsReproducibility was excellent at different movement speeds (ICC_{2, 1} 0.76–0.85). SEM% ranged from 11% to 21%, and SRD% ranged from 30% to 58%. ICC values increased, and SEM% and SRD% decreased, as test speed increased.ConclusionOur results support the reliability and responsiveness of isokinetic dynamometry to quantify spasticity in wrist flexor muscles in patients with subacute stroke. Reliability and responsiveness increased as the speed of wrist movement increased.