A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study

A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients was carried out during 6 months. Depot neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate) were compared with placebo to evaluate clinical and neurological effects during continued therapy and during withdrawal. The drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and rehospitalization. In the placebo group 62% relapsed compared to 27% in the drug group. There was a weak and nonsignificant tendency to a higher relapse frequency in the flupenthixol group compared to the fluphenazine group. After withdrawal for 6 months, plasma levels for fluphenazine were detectable. Plasma levels for flupenthixol were not detectable after 9 weeks of withdrawal. The differences in the plasma levels may possibly explain the difference in relapse rate between the two depot neuroleptics. Furthermore, it was found that the patients who relapsed during fluphenazine treatment had a significantly lower plasma level of the drug than patients who did not relapse during treatment. The results from this study provide some information on the therapeutic levels of fluphenazine and flupenthixol in schizophrenic patients.     

Role of Intraoperative Ultrasound to Extend the Application of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Treatment of Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer

Study Objective

To describe the potential role of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in the detection and localization of recurrent disease in gynecologic cancer patients during minimally invasive surgery (MIS).

紫杉醇联合铂类治疗持续耐药及复发性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效分析

目的:评价紫杉醇联合铂类药物化疗方案治疗持续耐药及复发性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(GTN)患者的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年1月,在北京协和医院接受紫杉醇联合铂类化疗方案治疗的25例持续耐药及复发性GTN患者的治疗情况及最终治疗结局。结果:25例持续耐药及复发性GTN患者共接受了115疗程的紫杉醇联合铂类的化疗方案,平均每例4.6±2.2(2~10)疗程,具体包括紫杉醇+顺铂(TP)方案52疗程、紫杉醇+卡铂(TC)方案56疗程及紫杉醇+依托泊苷/紫杉醇+顺铂(TE/TP)方案7疗程。在停止化疗时,血清学完全缓解14例,部分缓解4例,治疗无效7例,完全缓解率为56.0%(14/25),总缓解率为72.0%(18/25),血清学完全缓解后的复发率为35.7%(5/14),平均复发时间为95.4±18.4天(约3.2个月)。紫杉醇联合铂类方案的毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、肝肾损伤及过敏等,发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度骨髓抑制患者比例为48.0%,未发生致死性副反应。结论:紫杉醇联合铂类对持续耐药及复发性GTN患者是可供选择的化疗方案。     

急慢性迷走神经刺激对大鼠海洛因复吸行为的影响及作用机制

目的:探讨急慢性迷走神经刺激(VNS)对大鼠海洛因复吸行为可能的干预作用及机制。方法:SD大鼠每天进行4h的海洛因自身给药训练,持续14d,建立具有强迫性觅药和给药特征的自身给药模型。随后所有大鼠植入VNS电极,恢复后进行10d的海洛因觅药行为消退训练,期间分组给予急性VNS、慢性VNS或假刺激。消退结束后测定各组大鼠条件性线索诱导下的海洛因觅药行为的恢复(即海洛因复吸行为)。免疫荧光法检测中枢核团c-Fos的表达水平。结果:海洛因复吸行为测定结果显示,与假刺激对照组比较,急性VNS组和慢性VNS组的有效鼻触数均明显降低(P<0.01)。免疫荧光的结果显示,与对照组比较,急性VNS组(P<0.05)和慢性VNS组(P<0.01)中央杏仁核(Ce)的c-Fos表达水平均明显降低,而边缘下区(IL)的c-Fos表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:急慢性VNS均能够显著抑制大鼠的海洛因复吸行为,其机制可能与Ce和IL脑区神经元激活的改变有关。     

Intrathecal Central Nervous System Prophylaxis in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma at an Academic Healthcare System

Introduction

Intrathecal chemoprophylaxis is often administered to patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to lower the rates of central nervous system (CNS) relapse, although its benefit has not been well-described. Prognostic models, including the CNS-International Prognostic Index (IPI), have been developed to aid in identifying patients at highest risk for CNS relapse.

幽门螺杆菌阳性胃溃疡除菌治疗的临床研究

目的研究根除幽门螺杆菌（Hp）治疗对Hp阳性的胃溃疡愈合率、愈合质量及复发的影响。方法将68例Hp阳性的胃溃疡患者随机分为除菌组和非除菌组，除菌组给予奥美拉唑20mg＋阿莫西林0．5g＋呋喃唑酮0．1g口服，2次／d，1周后奥美拉唑改为20mg，1次／d，共治疗4周。非除菌组单独给予奥美拉唑，剂量方法同上。分别于4周及1年后复查胃镜。结果除菌组和非除菌组比较，4周后溃疡愈合率差异无统计学意义（分别为97．4％和90％，P〉0．05），但两组溃疡愈合质量比较差异有统计学意义。1年后两组溃疡复发率比较，除菌组低于非除菌组，差异有统计学意义（分别为6．7％和59．3％，P〈0．01），Hp根除率除菌组高于非除菌组，差异有统计学意义（分别为86．7％和3．7％，P〈0．01）。结论Hp感染与胃溃疡存在相关性，根除Hp治疗不仅可以提高溃疡的愈合质量，而且还可以减少溃疡的复发。     

Which Relapse Criteria Best Predict the Mortality Risk of Treated Alcoholics?

We examined which relapse criteria best predict the mortality risk of treated male alcoholics. The subjects were 172 male alcoholics who had previously been hospitalized. Using three criteria which defined relapse as failure to maintain abstinence from alcohol, alcohol abuse, or dependence, the relapse of each subject had been evaluated during a previous 3-year outcome study. Relative mortality risks in the next 3 years classified by the three relapse criteria were compared. The follow-up rate was 93.6% and 31 subjects died. The age-corrected relative mortality risk for subjects failing to maintain abstinence compared with abstainers was 5.32, while the relative mortality risks for the group abusing alcohol and for the group suffering alcohol dependence were 2.23 and 2.56, respectively. These results suggest that relapse defined as failure to maintain abstinence predicts a higher relative mortality risk than do criteria defining in terms of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.     

The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire as a predictor of relapse in detoxified alcohol dependents. The European Fluvoxamine in Alcoholism Study Group

Personality traits have been found as strong predictors for treatment response in different psychiatric disorders. We administered the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, which measures the three personality dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance (HA), and reward dependence, as introduced by Cloninger in a multicenter study (11 centers in the United Kingdom, Eire, Switzerland, and Austria) with detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (n = 521). The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible predictive value of these three dimensions on relapse over 1 -year follow up. A logistic regression analysis showed that novelty seeking is a strong predictor for relapse in detoxified male alcoholics (p = 0.0007; p values adjusted for treatment), but not in females. In both sexes, HA and reward dependence were of no predictive value. However, we found a trend for significance of HA for predicting "early" relapse (4 weeks) in females (p = 0.074). Our results show that Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire personality traits have direct clinical applications for prediction of relapse in detoxified alcohol dependents and indicate the necessity of additional therapeutic treatment in risk groups.     

Combined Efficacy of Acamprosate and Disulfiram in the Treatment of Alcoholism: A Controlled Study

This study presents the results of a multicenter investigation of the efficacy of acamprosate in the treatment of patients with chronic or episodic alcohol dependence. One hundred eighteen patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or acamprosate, and both groups were stratified for concomitant voluntary use of disulfiram. Treatment lasted for 380 days, with an additional 360-day follow-up period. The primary efficacy parameters evaluated were: relapse rate and cumulative abstinence duration (CAD). Results were analyzed according to Intention-To-Treat principles using χ², t , and multiple regression analyses where appropriate. After 30 days on study medication, 40 of 55 (73%) acamprosate-treated patients were abstinent, compared with 26 of 55 (43%) placebo-treated patients ( p = 0.019). The treatment advantage remained throughout the study medication period and was statistically significant until day 270 ( p = 0.028). Twenty-seven percent of patients on acamprosate and 53% of patients on placebo had a first drink within the first 30 days of the study. The mean CAD was 137 days (40% abstinent days) for the patients treated with acamprosate and 75 days (21% abstinent days) for the placebo group ( p = 0.013). No adverse interaction between acamprosate and disulfiram occurred, and the subgroup who received both medications had a better outcome on CAD than the those on only one or no medication. Acamprosate was well tolerated. Diarrhea was the only significant treatment-induced effect. It was concluded that acamprosate was a useful and safe pharmacotherapy in the long-term treatment of alcoholism. Concomitant administration of disulfiram improved the effectiveness of acamprosate.