Health care reform and the transformation of nursing in Hong Kong

Health care reform in Hong Kong in the 1990s has brought about dramatic change to the nursing discipline. This paper reports an ethnographic study which aimed at exploring the transformation of nursing in a regional hospital in Hong Kong during this period of reform. In the study, the restructuring of nursing work, its associated dynamics and resulting impacts upon the nursing profession were examined. A methodological triangulation approach to data collection encompassing interviews, participant observation and review of documents was used. The findings in this study suggest that the majority of nurses working in the case study hospital continue to be subject to medical dominance and are under management control. The emphasis on cost-effective care has however, fostered qualified nurses to claim more ownership of their professional judgement and autonomy. The health care reform has confirmed the status of two newly established groups of nurses, the nurse specialists and nurse managers. The development of the nursing profession is found to be closely connected to its work development. The preparation of the new generation of nurses, as revealed in this study, needs to emphasize the cognitive dimension of the professional competence. Some nurses need to be further educated in specialist practice and clinical management to maximize the contribution of nursing in health care delivery.     

隧道反复高气压作业减压方案的研究

根据上海市延安东路越江隧道工程中反复高气压作业安全减压的需要,经研究确定减压方案所需残余氮当量时间△t的参数计算后,在工作压力80～300kPa(0.8～3.0kgf/cm~2)、两次作业时间之和为6h的条件下,通过8名锻炼员108人次模拟实验,制订了反复高气压作业减压方案的作业时间调整表;在该工程中进行反复高气压作业、减压1181人次的应用验证,结果无一例发病。     

坚持职业道德教育 促进行风建设的常态运行

医院为促进行风建设的常态运行,采取了开展经常性的教育活动;拓展职业道德建设途径;深化制度建设,强化内外监督约束机制等措施。经常性的教育活动包括抓重点人物,进行骨干核心教育;抓重点岗位,进行岗位规范和爱岗敬业教育;抓重点内容,进行特色理论教育。     

鼓励性语言在护理工作中的体现

目的探讨鼓励性语言在护理工作中的作用。方法自拟调查登记表，记录患者的一般情况，每日行一次鼓励性语言交流，连续七次，以护士观察量表评定效果。结果98.32％的患者感到满意，提高了患者的依从性。结论鼓励性语言对提高护理质量，使护理工作的顺利开展起到了重要作用。     

X线影像工作站在X线造影中的应用

目的　总结X线影像工作站在X线造影中的应用价值。方法　在透视下进行造影 ,用X线工作站采集和储存造影图像 ,打出图文一体的X线诊断报告。结果　全过程采集和储存各种造影图像 ,提供动态的造影图像。消除传统造影中的假阳性 ,减少了漏误诊 ,提高了诊断正确率。对图像进行后处理 ,打印图文一体的诊断报告 ,将X线造影图像传输或刻录到光盘 ,方便会诊、教学和学术交流。结论　X线影像工作站应用于X线造影中 ,实现了造影图像采集和储存 ,弥补了传统X线造影的不足。     

Mixed solvent exposure and cerebral symptoms among active and retired workers. An epidemiological investigation of 3387 men aged 53–75 years

In an epidemiological study comprising 3,387 men aged 53 to 75 years, 3303 men with valid questionnaire answers to questions on occupational organic solvents exposure, four cerebral symptoms and current work status were examined. Two-hundred and ninety-five men had been occupationally exposed to mixed organic solvents for a period of 5 years or more. Among them 178 were retired, while 117 were still gainfully employed. The exposed men in both groups had highly significantly more complaints of decreased concentration ability and of memory difficulties. Of the exposed retired men a higher prevalence of headache was found. Among the exposed still employed a trend towards a higher prevalence of dizziness was found. This study was conducted within a cardiovascular study with no focus on the relationship between organic solvent exposure and cerebral symptoms, a design reducing the risk of overreporting. If overreporting was responsible for the differences found between solvent-exposed and unexposed cases a similar pattern for reporting of acute and chronic symptoms should be expected. This was not the case. Our results support the hypothesis, that occupational exposure to organic solvents for a period of 5 years or more increases the risk of developing persistent memory difficulties and a decrease in concentration ability.     

我国七年制医学教育教学工作评估的实践与思考

评估表明，七年制医学教育经过十几年的实践已经取得重要成就和经验，主要有，建立了长学制的医学人才培养模式，培养了一批高质量医学人才，办学指导思想进一步明确，教学改革不断深入，教学投入持续增加等。评估也发现，七年制医学教育还存在着学生临床技能欠佳、综合性大学的优势尚未充分发挥、医学教育管理体制尚未理顺等问题，需要我们在今后的长学制医学教育改革实践中，进一步研究、探索，逐步加以解决。     

建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的几点体会

结合建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的实践，对软件的合理安装应用；设立多媒体素材库，按标准对各种素材进行加工组织以及对教师应用多媒体技术的业务培训等问题进行了探讨。