Suppression of electroencephalogram Δ power density during non-rapid eye movement sleep as a result of a prolonged cognitive task prior to sleep onset

The effects of a prolonged cognitive task prior to sleep onset on subsequent sleep patterns were examined in 14 healthy subjects who were randomly assigned to two conditions. Those assigned to a working condition were asked to engage in a prolonged cognitive task until close to bedtime (0200 hours), whereas those assigned to a relaxing condition were instructed to perform the same task during the daytime and then to stay awake in a relaxed state until the same bedtime as the work group. Visual scoring of sleep stages showed no significant differences in the amounts of stage 4 and slow wave sleep (stage 3+4) between the two conditions. Power spectrum analysis of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed that the EEG (0.5–4.0 Hz) power density in the first non-rapid eye movement (REM)-REM sleep cycle was significantly lower following the prolonged cognitive task prior to sleep onset than following the relaxed wakefulness and that the decreased EEG power density in the first sleep cycle was not compensated for during the later part of the sleep. These findings would indicate that the prolonged cognitive task prior to sleep onset may suppress EEG power density during subsequent sleep, suggesting that such a task may interfere with the development of deep non-REM sleep.     

Changes of nursing organization in a surgical department: effects on work satisfaction and quality of care

• ? The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of an organizational change programme in a surgical department in Sweden (the introduction of modular nursing) on the nursing staffs perception of job satisfaction and quality of care, and to identify factors which promote or hinder this organizational change.
• ? Planning and implementation of the change programme took about 1 year and comprised structural changes and staff training.
• ? Assessments of job satisfaction and quality of care were made immediately before, and 1 year after, implementation of the change programme. Data were collected from the staff of two wards.
• ? Virtually no statistically significant changes were found when looking at the department as a whole. However, considerable differences were noted between the two wards, particularly in the following areas: relationships with colleagues, identification and commitment, and perceived quality of care.
• ? The quality of the interpersonal relationships, and the leadership of the wards' head nurses, appeared to be crucial determinants of the outcome.

     

红景天提取物的制备及其抗缺氧抗疲劳作用

目的 :探讨红景天对提高缺氧耐力和劳动能力的机理 ,为提高运动能力和在缺氧环境下的工作能力提出防护办法。方法 :对红景天提取物进行初步纯化 ,以小鼠常压缺氧和力竭游泳时间作为耐氧能力和劳动能力指标 ,对动物服药前后的体重变化进行考察。结果 :红景天可明显提高动物的缺氧耐力和劳动能力 ,减轻体重。提示服用红景天可以作为缺氧环境下提高工作能力的有效措施 ,并可作为舰艇长航人员防止体力耐力下降、肥胖人员减肥、轻量级运动员提高运动能力的保健药物。     

焦炉作业工人血清脂质过氧化物和抗氧化酶研究

目的为了探讨焦炉逸散物对作业工人血清脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法对焦炉作业工人４５９人和对照３５６人血清ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨＰｘ、ＭＤＡ进行了测定分析。结果焦化作业组血清ＳＯＤ活性与对照相比轻度增高,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ＧＳＨＰｘ活性较对照组明显增高,有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而ＭＤＡ与对照组比较无明显变化。结论提示在一定程度上接触焦炉逸散物,可能诱导了机体的氧化适应反应,使得焦炉作业工人抗氧化功能有所增强。     

Redefining community care social work: needs or risks led?

This reflective paper assesses whether the focus of community care social work is shifting from responding to needs to reducing or containing risks. Whilst public response to unacceptable risk has instigated major developments in health and welfare services and an overt concern with risk management is a key feature in elder abuse and mental health work, notions of risk have featured less explicitly in the community care literature. This paper suggests that community care assessment is increasingly concerned with risk management, as containing risks becomes a means of rationing scarce resources, when situations of high risk attract more resources than those where the risk is less. In addition, this emphasis on only the negative connotations of risk and the need for protection may constrain empowering service users to define their own positive risks.     

以落实“一法两纲”为核心 推动妇幼卫生工作的改革与发展

去年７～８月,卫生部机关机构改革,压缩内设机构,功能重组,精减人员,成立了基层卫生与妇幼保健司。其主要工作包括城乡基层卫生、妇幼保健和健康教育。在机构精减、人员不多的情况下,卫生部党组决定基妇司设立６个处,妇女卫生和儿童卫生分设为两个处。这说明卫生部...     

计算机2000年问题对医院的影响及对策

计算机２０００年问题对医院最明显的影响是计算机系统届时交病的信息丢失,财务系统不能正常工作,网络瘫痪等。此外,由于嵌入式问题将造成医疗设备运行混乱,从而危及病人的生命和健康。医院应采取的对策是：认知计算机２０００年问题,产品清查,确定问题范围,对问题进行评估,制定应急计划,制定解决方案,具有体实施和检验验证。     

The diluting effect of medical work groups on feedback efficacy in changing physician's practice

Feedback intervention has been advocated as a successful method to modify the way that physicians practice medicine. However, most studies concerned with modifying physician profiles have focused on interns and residents. The results presented here concern regular staff and therefore provide a better basis for generalization. Over a 2.5-year period, we analyzed the use of clinical resoucces by physicians practicing in four medical specialties in two hospitals. Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to control case mix in order to identify the specific effects attributable to feedback. The information failed to modify the physicians' practice profiles. Our results suggest that this failure is related to the organization of inpatient medical practice as a group effort. This mode of practice has a negative effect on feedback efficacy. First, it weakens one of the main feedback mechanisms, that is personal identification with the data. Second, it probably generates mutual adjustment among physicians, thus eliminating practice variations at the source.     

The impact of anticipation of job loss on psychological distress and worksite blood pressure.

The impact of occupational stressful life events on psychological distress and blood pressure was examined among employees of a major New York City brokerage firm undergoing massive layoffs. One hundred thirty-nine employees of the firm, who had participated in a blood pressure screening in 1986, were rescreened during the period of layoffs within their company in 1989. About two-thirds of the 139 employees reported being "somewhat" or "very" anxious or upset in 1989 during the period of layoffs, and psychological distress was significantly elevated among those employees reporting possible or definite layoff or job change and/or difficulty in obtaining a comparable job. However, we found no increase in overall blood pressure level, and no effect of anticipation of job loss on 1989 blood pressure when controlling for 1986 blood pressure level, age, body mass index, work hours, and other demographic variables. On the other hand, employment in a department sold to another employer on the day of screening, as well as employment in a clerical job title, were both associated with significant increases in diastolic blood pressure of about 5 mm Hg.