Excessive daytime somnolence in Japanese patients with Parkinson''s disease

To investigate the prevalence and severity of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to examine the main cause of EDS. Fifty-three Japanese patients with PD (PDs: 32 females and 21 males) and 17 controls (10 females and seven males) were evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The severity of the disease was evaluated by Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and information about quality and quantity of medications was collected. The correlations amongst EDS and age, severity of PD, duration of illness and medications were analyzed. The mean ESS score was significantly higher in advanced PDs than in controls, and correlated with the UPDRS score (r(s) = 0.743, P < 0.0001). Age, duration of illness and the dose of levodopa weakly correlated with ESS score. The intake of dopamine agonists did not affect the severity of EDS. The mean ESS score in PDs was lower than that reported in PD in European and American studies. EDS in Japanese patients with PD was milder compared with Caucasian patients, which might be due to the lower doses of the medications used in Japan. The results suggest that EDS in PD is mainly because of neuropathological changes of the disease itself.     

颅内生殖细胞瘤综合治疗

报告５０例颅内生殖细胞瘤，手术治疗１９例，放射治疗４３例。综合治疗后临床症状改善４１例，无效２例。随访３２例，其中恢复正常工作或学习者１４例，生活能自理１２例，生活部分需人帮助４例，死亡２例。５年生存率为５０％。推荐放疗为首选治疗手段，并对合并颅内压增高及多发性、复发性肿瘤的治疗作了讨论。     

冻干水痘减毒活疫苗最小免疫剂量的研究

通过临床研究确定冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的最小免疫剂量 ,为制定规程中的免疫剂量提供科学依据。观察对象接种不同免疫剂量的冻干水痘减毒活疫苗后 ,于接种前和接种后 6周采血 ,采用荧光抗膜抗体 (FAMA)法检测其抗体阳转率和几何平均滴度 (GMT)。接种不同免疫剂量的疫苗 ,抗体阳转率差异无显著的统计学意义。疫苗中抗原含量在 2 5 0 0 0PFU/ml和 2 0 0 0PFU/ml之间 ,GMT差异无显著的统计学意义 ,但 2 5 0 0 0PFU/ml、2 0 0 0PFU/ml与 2 0 0PFU/ml之间抗体GMT的差异有极显著的统计学意义。研究结果表明 ,2 0 0 0PFU/ml为冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的最小免疫剂量。     

复方卡托普利片中氢氯噻嗪的含量及均匀度测定

用紫外分光度法直接溯定复方卡托普利片中氢氯噻嗪的含量及均匀度。测定波长为272±1nm,平均回收率100.2%,变异系数0.3%,吸收度与氢氯噻嗪的浓度在1～10μg/ml 范围内具有线性关系。     

放疗同期卡莫氟化疗治疗局部中晚期鼻咽癌的Ⅲ期临床观察

目的:探讨患者对联合应用诱导化疗和放疗同期口服卡莫氟治疗局部中晚期鼻咽癌疗效和不良反应.方法:收治66例局部中晚期鼻咽癌患者,随机分为两组,诱导化疗随后放疗组简称为对照纽,诱导化疗随后放疗同期卡莫氟治疗组简称为治疗组.两组患者数均为33例.进行根治性放疗前两组患者均接受两个疗程诱导化疗.治疗组在放疗期间同时口服卡莫氟.结果:诱导化疗有效率高,平均有效率高达87%,其中平均完全缓解率(CR)为8.7%、不完全缓解率(PR)为78.4%.对照组鼻咽肿瘤、颈部转移淋巴结全消平均剂量均高于治疗组,统计学有差异.放疗后3个月治疗组鼻咽、颈部转移淋巴结CR均高于对照组(p=0.016,P=0.042).随访期内治疗组患者局部复发率和远处转移率有降低趋势.临床治疗中出现的主要毒副反应为白细胞下降、口腔粘膜炎、急性放射性皮炎及由卡莫氟引起的热感、尿频、头昏等.结论:放疗同期口服卡莫氟治疗局部中晚期鼻咽癌,降低了鼻咽和颈部肿瘤完全消退的照射剂量,提高了鼻咽肿瘤和颈部转移灶的完全缓解率,局部复发率和远处转移率有下降趋势.尽管加卡莫氟患者毒的副作用加重,但可以耐受,经对症处理绝大部分患者能按计划完成治疗.在鼻咽癌同步化放疗方案中卡莫氟的推荐剂量为600mg/d,分3次口服.放疗同期口服卡莫氟治疗的远期疗效有待于进一步观察.     

颌面颈部恶性淋巴瘤临床分析

目的：总结口腔颌面颈部恶性淋巴瘤(ML)的诊断方法及治疗措施。方法：回顾性分析收治的ML患者38例的临床资料。结果：霍奇金病(HD)5例，非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)33例，31例采用综合治疗，7例采用单纯化疗，38例1，3，5a生存者分别为5，14，12例，存活患者中以临床Ⅰ，Ⅱ期者占绝大多数，死亡患者中以Ⅳ期为多。结论：早期明确ML的诊断并早期治疗效果较好，综合治疗是最有效的治疗手段，临床分期对预后有重要参考价值。     

关于放射治疗科室的组建

论述了医院组建放射治疗科室进行可行性分析时应考虑的因素,从技术设施、诊疗室与住院病房等方面介绍了放射治疗科的基本组建要求。     

肛管鳞癌的诊断与治疗(附15例分析)

目的探讨肛管癌诊断、治疗和预后的相关因素。方法北京医院1984-1998年间收治15例肛管鳞癌,首次诊断为肛管癌者仅5例。15例中行放疗化疗11例,8例行Miles手术。结果病理均证实为鳞癌。根据NCCN(2003年)分期,Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期4例,ⅢA期2例,ⅢB期3例。免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤组织间质纤维化(+++)者4例,(++)者7例,(+)者4例。随诊最长10年,平均生存期(47±27.6)个月。结论肛门指诊是发现和诊断肛管癌的重要手段。放疗以及以放疗为主,化疗、手术为辅的综合治疗是肛管癌的主要治疗方法。肿瘤分期、腹股沟淋巴结转移、治疗方法以及肿瘤组织间质纤维化对病人的预后均有影响。     

Postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer

Background: The role of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer is not well documented. Methods: Seventy-eight patients who underwent a complete resection of B2-C colon cancer received postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-eight patients received ⩽45 Gy; 50 patients received 50–55 Gy. Twenty-seven patients received adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. All patients were followed for a minimum of 3 years; no patients were lost to follow-up. Results: The overall local control rate was 88%. The 5-year actuarial rate of local control was 96% after 50–55 Gy postoperative radiotherapy compared with 76% after <50 Gy (p=0.0095). Multivariate analysis of local control showed that only radiotherapy dose significantly influenced this end point. Cause-specific survival rates at 5 years were B2, 67%; B3, 90%; C1, 100%; C2, 61%; C3, 36%; and overall, 63%. Multivariate analysis of cause-specific survival showed that only stage significantly influenced this end point. Bowel obstruction caused by adhesions developed in three patients and required a laparotomy; radiation-induced sarcoma developed in one additional patient. Conclusions: Postoperative radiotherapy appears to reduce the risk of local recurrence in patients with locally advanced colon cancer. The optimal dose is probably 50–55 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction. Postoperative radiotherapy may improve cause-specific survival for patients with stages B3 and C2 cancers.     

Dosage guidelines for the use of vancomycin based on its pharmacokinetics in infants

Summary The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and to develop optimal dosage guidelines in infants. Thirteen infants between the ages of 13 to 183 days were enrolled. All had been born prematurely, and average gestational age, postconceptional age, and actual body weight were 29.8 weeks, 38.2 weeks, and 2.1 kg respectively. Multiple blood samples were obtained from each patient after 72 h of therapy. Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titres were determined for peak and trough samples.There were good correlations between total body clearance of vancomycin and both postconceptional age (r=0.86) and actual body weight (r=0.87). This information was used to develop vancomycin dosage guidelines in premature infants. The regression line for vancomycin daily dosage requirements vs postconceptional age may be useful for determining initial dosage recommendations.There were also good correlations between vancomycin serum concentrations and serum inhibitory and cidal titres. Peak and trough concentrations in the therapeutic range (peak, 25–35 µg/ml; trough, 5–10 µg/ml) corresponded to titres of 1:8 and 1:2 to 1:8 respectively.Based on these data we suggest the following dosage guidelines for vancomycin: 10 mg/kg 12 hourly for 30–34 weeks postconceptional age and <1.2 kg actual body weight; 10 mg/kg 8 hourly for 30–42 weeks postconceptional age and >1.2 kg actual body weight; 10 mg/kg 6 hourly for >42 weeks postconceptional age and >2.0 kg actual body weight.Thus, doses which are lower than currently recommended are needed for infants born prematurely. Furthermore, the initial dose of vancomycin can easily be determined using an infant's postconceptional age.SML was a Fellow at Children's Hospital at the time of study and is now at Rutgers University, College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA