实用型射野照相用标尺板的研制与应用

介绍一种实用型标尺板的研制方法,并将其应用在放疗射野照相工作中,从而得到了摆位误差的真实测量数据,有效地提高了放疗摆位中体位验证的精度,是加强放疗质量管理和质量控制的有效手段。     

基因定量检测方法研究进展

基因定量检测已经成为研究基因组变异以及由于基因重组所引起的相关疾病的重要手段。大片段的基因组的重复和缺失可以引起致病突变。使用PCR和测序等定性检测方法很难探测到杂合状态的缺失和重复,因此探寻高效、可靠、灵敏的基因定量检测方法是当务之急。在过去的几年中已经相继出现了一些自动高效的技术方法。现在可用的基因定量方法大致可以分成3类:DNA印迹技术,细胞遗传学方法和以PCR扩增为基础的定量。本文对基因定量的最新进展作一综述,探讨其优缺点以期对定量研究方法的选择有所帮助。     

131Ⅰ治疗Graves病剂量探讨

目的　探讨1 31 Ⅰ治疗Graves病时 ,不同的剂量计算方法与治愈率以及治疗后并发症的关系。方法　在计算治疗Graves病所需1 31 Ⅰ时 ,分别采取不同的两种计算方法 ,观察两者治愈率及并发症的发生情况 ,并做多因素对比分析。结果　治疗组较对照组 1次治愈率提高约 12 % ,近期甲状腺功能减退延续为永久性甲状腺功能减退者亦明显减少 ,治疗效果明显优于后者。结论　1 31 Ⅰ治疗剂量计算时 ,既要有公式的规范性 ,又要有根据具体情况调节的灵活性 ,即可明显提高治疗效果     

子宫内膜癌术前放疗对Bcl-2,bax表达的影响

目的探讨Bcl-2，bax与子宫内膜癌的相关性及术前放疗对其表达影响。方法从2002年10月-2006年10月在我科住院的子宫内膜癌患者中筛选符合纳入标准的病例50倒。取其刮宫内膜癌组织标本、放疗且术后内膜癌标本。分为放疗前组、放疗后组，采用免疫组织化学方法检测Bcl-2，bax的表达，并观察表达的变化。结果BcL-2表达放疗后（64．0％）较放疗前（82．0％）减弱，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；bax蛋白表达放疗后（76．0％）较放疗前（62．0％）增强，差异有显著性（P〈0．01），结论①子宫内膜癌的发生过程中与癌基因及抑癌基因Bcl-2,bax有密切的关系。②子宫内膜癌患者放疗前后癌组织中Bcl-2，bax表达水平发生了明显的改变，放射治疗可能是通过诱导细胞凋亡起到抗肿瘤作用的。③子宫内膜癌为放射敏感性肿瘤。     

超声热疗临床应用的研究

目的：通过超声热疗配合常规放疗治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的临床研究，评价超声热疗的疗效及与疗效有关的加热参数。材料和方法： 对１７ 例晚期恶性肿瘤的１７ 个病灶用常规放疗加超声热疗。放疗用直线加速器外照射，每次２ Ｇｙ、周５ 次， 总剂量４０～７０ Ｇｙ。热疗在放疗后３０ ｍ ｉｎ 内进行，每周加热１～２ 次，每次加温时间 ６０ ｍ ｉｎ，６～８ 次一疗程。全例病人每次加温时实测肿瘤内温度。结果：在可评价的１３例中，ＣＲ ２３．１％ （３／１３）、ＰＲ ４６．２％ （６／１３）、ＮＣ ２３．１％ （３／１３）、ＰＤ ７．７％ （ １／１３） ， 有效率（ＣＲ＋ ＰＲ）为６９．３％ 。肿瘤中心部温度达到４２．５℃以上的累积时间和总加热次数是决定疗效的重要参数。在１７ 例患者的 ８９ 次加温中，副作用的发生率相对较低。结论：使用超声热疗配合放疗，只要实现满负荷加温，进一步提高肿瘤的局部控制率是完全可能的     

52例肺癌患者放疗前肺功能和放疗疗效关系分析

为了探讨放疗前肺功能与放疗疗效的关系，作者于１９８７年１月至１９９０年１２月对５２例无急、慢性呼吸衰竭的肺癌患者在放疗前做了肺功能检测和血气分析，结果表明，放疗前肺功能不能反映肿瘤乏氧程度，也不能作为肿瘤对放疗敏感性的指标，只有直接测量肿瘤原发灶内的乏氧程度才能了解肿瘤对放疗的敏感性，预测放疗的疗效。     

Bromodeoxyuridine Labeling Index as an Indicator of Early Tumor Response to Preoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer

Purpose Assessment of tumor proliferation rate using Bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdUrdLI) as a possible predictor of rectal cancer response to preoperative radiotherapy (RT). Methods and material Ninety-two patients were qualified either to short RT (5 Gy/fraction/5 days) and surgery about 1 week after RT (schedule I), or to short RT and 4–5 weeks interval before surgery (schedule II). Tumor samples were taken twice from each patient: before RT and at the time of surgery. The samples were incubated with BrdUrd for 1 h at 37°C, and the BrdUrdLI was calculated as a percentage of BrdUrd-labeled cells. Results Thirty-eight patients were treated according to schedule I and 54 patients according to schedule II. Mean BrdUrdLI before RT was 8.5% and its value did not differ between the patients in the two compared groups. After RT tumors showed statistically significant growth inhibition (reduction of BrdUrdLI). As the pretreatment BrdUrd LI was not predictive for early clinical and pathologic tumor response, prognostic role of the ratio of BrdUrdLI after to BrdUrdLI before RT was considered. The ratios were calculated separately for fast (BrdUrd LI > 8.5%) and slowly (BrdUrd LI ≤ 8.5%) proliferating tumors and correlated with overall treatment time (OTT, i.e., time from the first day of RT to surgery). One month after RT, accelerated proliferation was observed only in slowly proliferating tumors. Conclusions Pretreatment BrdUrdLI was not predictive for early clinical and pathologic tumor response. The ratio after/before RT BrdUrdLI was correlated to inhibition of proliferation in responsive tumors. The paper was presented at ECCO 13, October 30 to November 03, 2005 in Paris, France     

Dosimetric Characteristics of the Siemens IGRT Carbon Fiber Tabletop

In this work, the dosimetric characteristics of a new commercial carbon fiber treatment table are investigated. The photon beam attenuation properties of the Siemens image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) tabletop were studied in detail. Two sets of dosimetric measurements were performed. In the first experiment a polystyrene slab phantom was used: the central axis attenuation and the skin-sparing detriment were investigated. In the second experiment, the off-axis treatment table transmission was investigated using a polystyrene cylindrical phantom. Measurements were taken at the isocenter for a 360° rotation of the radiation beam. Our results show that the photon beam attenuation of the Siemens IGRT carbon fiber tabletop varies from a minimum of 2.1% (central axis) to a maximum of 4.6% (120° and 240° beam incidence). The beam entrance dose increases from 82% to 97% of the dose at the depth of maximum for a clinical 6-MV radiation field. The depth of maximum also decreases by 0.4 cm. Despite the wedge cross section of the table the beam attenuation properties of the IGRT tabletop remain constant along the longitudinal direction. American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.     

鼻咽癌放疗后咽部菌群的变化

目的:了解鼻咽癌放疗后患者咽部菌群的变化,为临床防治继发感染提供实验依据。方法:32例鼻咽癌放疗患者,于放疗前后分别在照射区域粘膜采集唾液标本,进行细菌的分离培养鉴定,测量可培养细菌的检出率、检出量和构成比。结果:与放疗前相比,放疗后照射区域的链球菌属、葡萄球菌属、白色念珠菌和绿脓杆菌检出增加;而放线菌属和奈瑟菌属检出减少(P<0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌放疗可影响咽部的微生态平衡,是导致鼻咽癌放疗后患者发生感染的重要原因之一。