全胸膜混合射线照射治疗恶性胸水的初步报告

目的研究６０Ｃｏ和电子线匹配作全胸膜放射治疗胸膜转移伴恶性胸水。方法２５例恶性胸水患者接受治疗。其中肺癌伴恶性胸水２０例，乳腺癌术后胸膜转移伴胸水３例，恶性胸腺瘤术后胸膜转移伴胸水２例。６０Ｃｏ野包括全肺，中央铅块屏蔽，屏蔽处照射电子束，计算中平面胸膜受量，１００％等剂量线为２Ｇｙ，常规照射１５次。可见肿瘤局部加量２０Ｇｙ／１０ＦＸ。中平面约２／３肺组织受量＜５０％。同时接受３～６个疗程化疗。结果２５例恶性胸水完全控制１７例，部分控制７例，总有效率９６％。２２例可见肿瘤３例完全消退，１７例部分消退。经随访，１例无瘤生存１４个月，２例１２个月，１６例４～１１个月。６例死亡，中位生存期９个月。胸水复发４例，总控制率为８０．０％。照射后患者血象较前下降，急性放射性食管炎（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）１１例，２例胸膜明显增厚伴纤维化。结论６０Ｃｏ和电子线混合照射全胸膜临床上安全且具有较好的疗效     

睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的治疗

目的 本文报道我院自1971～1988年收治的10例原发睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤.全部病例均经术后病理证实,均为睾丸切除术后再行后腹膜淋巴结清扫.3例后腹膜淋巴结阴性.方法 全组中2例接受术后放疗,7例接受辅助化疗.结果 二年和五年生存率分别为50%和30%.结论 由于原发睾丸的胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤少见,本文结合文献报道探讨其疗效及影响预后的因素.本病的治疗为手术结合化疗和放疗,加强化疗可能提高疗效.本病成人预后较儿童差,后腹膜淋巴结转移也是影响预后的因素.在睾丸切除术后如CT等影像学诊断阴性,可不必行后腹膜淋巴结清扫术.     

Concomitant radiotherapy with mitomycin C and bleomycin compared with radiotherapy alone in inoperable head and neck cancer: final report

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of concomitant irradiation with mitomycin C and bleomycin in patients with inoperable head and neck carcinoma with radiotherapy alone.

Methods and materials: Between March 1991 and December 1993, 64 patients with inoperable head and neck carcinoma (41 with oropharyngeal site) were randomized to radiotherapy alone (group A) or radiotherapy combined with simultaneous application of mitomycin C and bleomycin (group B). In both groups patients were irradiated five times weekly with 2 Gy to a total dose of 66–70 Gy. The planned concomitant treatment in group B was: bleomycin 5 units twice a week IM, total dose 70 units, mitomycin C 15 mg/m² IV after delivery of 10 Gy, and 10 mg/m² IV on the last day of radiotherapy. To enhance the effect of these two drugs, patients received also nicotinamide, chlorpromazine, and dicoumarol.

Because significantly better results were achieved in arm B for patients with inoperable oropharyngeal carcinoma, the study was closed and such patients were after December 1993 routinely treated with the combined therapy (as in arm B). Until October 1996, we treated and followed up 48 such consecutive patients.

Results: Median follow-up of our study patients is 42 months. Complete remission (CR) rate in group A was 31% and in group B 59% (p = 0.04); disease-free survival (DFS) in group A was 8% and in group B 37% (P = 0.01); and overall survival (OS) was 7% in group A and 26% in group B (p = 0.08). CR rate for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma was 29% in group A (N = 21) and 75% in group B (N = 20) (p = 0.007); DFS in group A was 10% and in group B 48% (p = 0.001); and the OS was 10% in group A and 38% in group B (p = 0.019). In patients with inoperable oropharyngeal carcinoma treated after December 1993, complete remission was achieved in 32/48 (67%, 95% CI: 52%–80%). DFS at the median follow-up of 14 months was 60% (95% CI 43–77%) and OS 58% (95% CI 42–74%).

Conclusion: From the results of our study it seems that the concomitant treatment significantly improves CR rate, DFS, and OS in patients with inoperable oropharyngeal carcinoma in comparison with radiotherapy alone.     

放疗联合化疗治疗复发直肠癌的临床研究

目的探讨放疗联合化疗治疗复发直肠癌的临床效果。方法对２９例根治术后复发的直肠癌进行了放射治疗，其中１６例同时给予大剂量醛氢叶酸（ＣＦ），氟脲嘧啶（５ＦＵ）的全身化疗（观察组），１３例为单纯放疗（对照组）。结果观察组中局部症状缓解率较对照组高，两组有效率分别为８１．２５％、４６．１６％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），完全缓解分别为１８．７５％、７．６９％。两组放疗引起的局部毒性反应相似。结论ＣＦ／５Ｆｕ配合放射治疗复发直肠癌可提高近期疗效，尤其对于伴远外转移患者为理想、安全的治疗手段。     

骨转移瘤的放射治疗

目的探讨关于骨转移瘤常规分割放疗组与低分割放疗组的止痛效果。方法４８例病人，２８例采用常规分割，ＤＴ２００ＣＧＹ／次，每周５次，ＤＴ３０００～５０００ＣＧＹ；２０例采用低分割照射，ＤＴ４００～５００ＣＧＹ／次，每周２～３次，ＤＴ２５００～３０００ＣＧＹ。结果放疗起到了明显的止痛作用，常规分割放疗组与低分割放疗组止痛效果大致相同，无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论放疗原则应根据病情及预计生存期长短来决定。对一般情况好，预计生存期长的病人应采取积极的治疗，给予大剂量长疗程的常规分割，而对于那些病情相对较重，行动又不方便，无望长期生存的病人，应采取低分割照射，且见效快，同样起到止痛作用     

联合化疗和单纯放射治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效分析

目的:探讨单纯放射治疗和放射治疗联合化疗在鼻咽癌治疗中的作用.方法:80例经病理证实的鼻咽癌随机分为单纯放疗组(对照组)以及化疗和放射治疗组(综合组)各40例,观察临床疗效.结果:对照组和综合治疗组的总缓解率(CR PR)相近,分别为95.0%、97.5%.综合组的完全缓解率为45.0%,明显高于单放组的32.5%(P<0.05).综合治疗组与单纯放疗组的1年生存率分别为90%、81%(P<0.05),二者生活质量也有明显差异.结论:采用综合治疗晚期鼻咽癌的方法能够提高完全缓解率,并能提高患者近期生存率和改善生活质量.     

^60Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌疗效分析

目的　分析 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗治疗鼻咽癌的疗效 ,局部控制率及放射并发症。方法 :回顾性分析 1989年 5月～ 1996年 3月采用 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 30例。结果　本组病例总的近期局部控制率为 73.33% (2 2 / 30 ) ,无瘤生存率为 6 0 %转移11例 ,无一例发生晚期放射并发症。结论　腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 ,可提高局部控制率 ,适应于鼻咽癌早期及鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内残留病灶。     

SYNOVIAL SARCOMA IN CHILDHOOD:CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS

ＳＹＮＯＶＩＡＬＳＡＲＣＯＭＡＩＮＣＨＩＬＤＨＯＯＤ：ＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＡＮＤＲＡＤＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＦＩＮＤＩＮＧＳＸｕＤｅｙｏｎｇ，徐德永ＺｈａｎＡｌａｉ占阿来ＬｕａｎＨｏｎｇｍｅｉ栾红梅ＦｅｎｇＷｅｉｈｕａ冯卫华ＳｕｎＸｉｈｅ孙锡和Ｙａｎｇ...     

超长食管癌215例临床分析

目的回顾性分析超长食管癌不同方法治疗后的疗效，探讨超长食管癌的治疗对策。方法对１９８７年３月至１９９２年８月间２１５例超长食管癌单纯外放射治疗、外放射＋腔内放疗、单纯手术治疗、术后放疗和术前放疗患者的生存率采用ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ分析、ｌｏｇ－ｒａｎｋ检验，其它结果采用卡方检验，探讨不同治疗方法的疗效及失败的原因。结果超长食管癌术后放疗和术前放疗疗效较好，术前放疗不增加手术并发症，能明显降低“Ｔ”分期（Ｐ＜０．０５）；姑息术后放疗能明显提高５年生存率（Ｐ＜０．０５），根治术后放疗组５年生存率比单纯手术组提高１５．１％，术后放疗能明显降低淋巴结转移率（Ｐ＜０．０５）；超长食管癌失败的主要原因为局部未控或复发和远处转移，外放射＋腔内放疗有降低局部未控或复发率的趋势。结论对超长食管癌应采用手术＋放疗进行综合治疗，不能手术治疗者应采用非常规分割外放射配合腔内放疗和全身化疗。     

265例鼻咽癌疗效分析

目的分析鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因并探讨提高生存率的方法。方法１９８８年４月至１９９１年１２月，共收治鼻咽癌２６５例，其中Ⅰ期５例，Ⅱ期７３例，Ⅲ期１１３例，Ⅳ期７４例，年龄１３～７８岁。采取６０Ｃｏ及深部Ｘ线照射。原发灶剂量６０～８０Ｇｙ／６～８ＷＫｓ，颈转移灶５５～７４Ｇｙ／５～７ＷＫｓ。对Ｎ２和Ｎ３中分单放与放疗前ＤＤＰ，５－Ｆｕ诱导化疗。随机分组各５０例。结果总５年生存率３８．５％。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为８０．０％、６１．６％、３６．３％、１６．２％。局部复发和远处转移是治疗失败的主要原因。结论早期诊治是提高生存率的关键，减少原发灶复发应以ＣＴ为准。合理设计照射野，建议将常规耳前野的后界延至外耳孔后缘１～２厘米；对超腔、累及口咽、咽旁间隙、茎突后间隙及伴颈深上淋巴结转移者尽量使用面颈联合野，放疗前诱导化疗对Ｎ２和Ｎ３病例近期疗效满意。