腺病毒介导HSV-TK/GCV系统联合放射治疗口腔鳞癌的研究

目的 探讨单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（HSV－TK）／丙氧鸟苷（GCV）自杀基因系统对放射治疗的增敏作用。方法 口腔鳞癌细胞（Tca8113细胞系）经HSV－TK／GCV系统治疗后给予放射治疗，采用LQ和单击多靶（SHMT）模型分析细胞存活曲线参数。结果 细胞存活曲线分析显示：单纯放射治疗组其α为0.1074,β为0.0158,D0为2.2576,Dq为3.5413；与单纯放射治疗组比较，HSV－TK／GCV治疗组α（0.2127)和α：β（9.496)值大，D0（1.4526)和Dq(2.2257)值小，其放射增敏率（SER）为1.55。结论 HSV－TK／GCV系统具有放射增敏作用，可提高放射治疗对口腔鳞癌的治疗疗效。     

经典型Kaposi,s肉瘤放射治疗加生物治疗

 目的　分析了 8例Kaposi,s肉瘤 (KS)的临床特点和放疗加生物治疗的疗效。方法　采用6 0 钴或加速器 χ线和电子线混合射线常规分割照射 ,总量 36～ 6 1Gy。生物疗法包括LAK细胞和干扰素、免疫核糖核酸。结果　除例 1放疗后 2个月死于糖尿病、例 6失访外 ,其余均获长期生存。生存 1年以上 6 /8,3年以上 4 /8,5年以上 2 /8。结论　放射线治疗对KS有效 ,较晚期根治剂量以 5 0Gy左右为宜 ,同时加生物治疗可能可以提高疗效。     

组织相容性复合物DQ基因与胰岛素依赖型糖尿病易感相关性剂量效应规律的研究

为研究中国北方汉族人中组织相容性复合物ＤＱ（ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ）基因与胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）遗传易感性相关的剂量效应规律，采用聚合酶链反应和序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交技术，对５４例胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患儿和４０例正常成年供血员ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ基因进行了研究。结果：携带４个易感性基因的个体只见于患者，携带３个易感性基因的个体在患者中为３３．３％，正常对照中为１０％；携带２个或１个易感性或保护性基因的个体在正常对照中频率较患者为高，但差异无显著意义；携带３个保护性基因的个体只见于正常对照。提示：ＩＤＤＭ易感性基因具有部分隐性遗传的特点且具有累加效应。个体中１个或２个易感性基因的存在不能对ＩＤＤＭ构成显著的易感性，３个或３个以上易感性基因的存在方可对ＩＤＤＭ构成显著易感性。ＤＱ保护性基因具有部分显性遗传的特点并且也具有累加效应。携带１个或２个保护性基因的个体患ＩＤＤＭ的机会将大大减少，而携带３个保护性基因的个体则可以不发生ＩＤＤＭ。     

The significance of arytenoid edema following radiotherapy of laryngeal carcinoma with respect to residual and recurrent tumour

We sometimes experience patients with persistent or progressive arytenoid edema, among which residual or recurrent cancer is often accompanied. Because it is difficult to distinguish tumour rest or recurrence from normal tissue sequelae in the early period after irradiation, it is important to know both the contributing factors for arytenoid edema, and the incidence of residual or recurrent tumours in patients with postirradiation laryngeal edema. We therefore reviewed the charts of 67 patients with early laryngeal carcinoma who had received a curative dose of irradiation in the last 5 years. Fourteen patients (20.9%) had moderate or severe laryngeal edema persisting for or developing at more than 3 months after completion of a course of definitive radiotherapy. The incidence was highest in supraglottic T₂ disease, followed by glottic T₂ tumour. Of the 14 patients with edema, six (42.9%) had persistent or recurrent disease. The primary disease was uncontrolled in 18 patients, 17 of whom received successful salvage surgery. In patients without residual tumours, the edema was usually moderate and resolved within a year, although four patients had chronic edema lasting more than a year after treatment. All four had supraglottic T₂ lesions and received 70 Gy of X-ray. We also reviewed, for sake of comparison, the records of 38 patients treated with radiotherapy at doses of more than 40 Gy between l975 and 1980, when endoscopic microsurgery for laryngeal cancer was introduced as a primary part of treatment. The incidence of persistent or late developed edema over the period, though not significant, was 36.8%: nearly twice that of the last 5 years. Microscopic endolaryngeal surgical procedures seem to have been a causal factor for edema in this period.     

Accelerated fractionation in esophageal cancers: A multivariate analysis on 88 patients

: Accelerated fractionation was used to shorten overall treatment time to increase locoregional control and cause-specific survival.

: Eighty-eight patients with cancer of the esophagus ineligible for surgery were entered in the study between 1986 and 1993. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 64% of patients. Accelerated radiotherapy using the concomitant boost technique delivered a median dose of 65 Gy in a median overall treatment time of 32 days.

: The 3-year acturial local control rate in patients with T1, T2, and T3 tumors was 71%, 42%,and 33%, respectively. The 3-year cause-specific survival rates were 40%, 22%, and 6%, respectively. Sixteen percent of patients experienced Grafe 3 esophagitis. Late toxicity included esophageal stenosis and pulmonary fibrosis in 8% and 9% of the patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that T stage and overall treatment time were prognostic factors for cause-specific survival. T stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for locoregional control.

: These findings suggest that accelerated giben in an overall treatment time of <35 days might be beneficial for easy-stage cancer of the esophagus. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended, as it was a significant adverse prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis for local control. Accelerated fractionation can be carried out with modeate acure and late toxicity.     

30例晚期食管癌放疗和化疗的综合治疗

３０例晚期食管癌患者用大剂量顺铂为主（ＤＤＰ＋ＭＴＸ＋ＰＹＭ）的联合化疗和放射治疗。并采用“化－放－化”的治疗方式。结果有效率６３％，其中完全缓解１３％，部分缓解５０％。１年生存率７０％，２年生存率５３％，３年生存率１６．７％。症状改善率８０％。作者认为对晚期食管癌采用大剂量ＤＤＰ化疗－放疗－化疗的治疗方式是可行的。     

Radiation therapy for histologically confirmed primary central nervous system germinoma

: To evaluate survival and patterns of recurrence in patients with primary central nervous system germinoma treated with radiation therapy.

: Data regarding 48 patients with histologically confirmed, primary central nervous system germinoma were reviewed. All had been operated on at the Mayo Clinic between the years 1935 and 1993. Thirty-two patients (67%) were treated since 1973. The study group included 39 males and 9 females, with a median age at diagnosis of 17 years (range, 6–42 years). Twelwe patients (25%) were treated with craniospinal axis irradiation, 11 (23%) received whole-brain irradiation without spinal axis irradiation, and 24 (50%) underwent partial-brain irradiation. Treatment volumes were unknown in one patient. The median dose to the primary tumor was 44.00 Gy (range, 7.44–59.40 Gy). The median follow-up was 5.5 years (range, 4 months to 37 years).

: Actuarial 5-year and 10-year survival for the entire study group of patients was 80%. There was a trend toward improved survival in patients treated after 1973 (introduction of computed tomography) with 5-year and 10-year survival of 91% vs. 63% in prior years (p = 0.07). For the group of 31 patients treated since 1973 with known treatment volumes, the spinal axis failure rate at 5 years was 49% for patients treated with partial brain fields (11 patients) vs. 0% for those having undergone whole brain (10 patients) or craniospinal axis (10 patients) irradiation (p = 0.007). The rate of brain failure was also significantly higher in patients receiving less than whole-brain irradiation; at 5 years, 45% of the patients treated with partial-brain fields had intracranial recurrence of disease compared to 6% of patients treated with craniospinal axis or whole-brain irradiation (p = 0.01). Among the 32 modern era patients, the rate of brain failure was higher in patients who received doses less than 40 Gy (median dose, 48.55 Gy; range, 30.60-59.40 Gy) to the primary tumor (5-year brain failure rate 52% vs. 11%, p = 0.002).

: The long-term survival of patients with histologically proven CNS germinoma treated with radiation is excellent. Whole-brain or craniospinal axis irradiation appears to result in fewer spine and brain failures than does partial-brain irradiation. Furthermore, the administration of doses greater than 40 Gy to the primary tumor is associated with better local control.     

Synovial sarcoma in childhood: Clinical and radiological findings

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics andradiological features of synovial sarcoma in childhood and its relation to the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical radiological features of 15 children with synovial sarcoma proved surgically and pathologically were analyzed. Results: In children, the tumor boundaries are poorly defined due to paucity of fat, and metastasis usually occurs early. Eight patients in this series had bone involvement, including: direct erosion by tumor causing cortical destruction, indirect pressure defect with sharp margin and reactive bone sclerosis and bone destruction of the primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma. Conclusion: The tumor is often misdiagnosed, the final confirmed diagnosis must be made by histological examination with imaging findings. It is emphasized that the patients should be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively.     

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤11例临床分析

目的 回顾分析鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的放疗疗效.方法 1974～1994年鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤11例,其中B期6例,C期5例.单纯放疗6例,术后放疗5例.3例术后无肿瘤肉眼残留者照射剂量D_T45Gy～55Gy/23～28次共4.5～5.5周.其余8例照射剂量D_T均在60Gy/30次共6周以上.3例颈淋巴结转移者照射剂量D_T60Gy～65Gy/30～33次共6～7周.结果 本组病例三、五年生存率分别为55%、36%,单纯放疗组分别为33%、17%,术后放疗组分别为80%、60%.P值0.2727,二组在统计学上无显著差异.全组病例中3例局部复发,2例血行转移.结论 B、C期患者根治性手术加术后放疗为局部控制的较好治疗方案.     

全胸膜混合射线照射治疗恶性胸水的初步报告

目的研究６０Ｃｏ和电子线匹配作全胸膜放射治疗胸膜转移伴恶性胸水。方法２５例恶性胸水患者接受治疗。其中肺癌伴恶性胸水２０例，乳腺癌术后胸膜转移伴胸水３例，恶性胸腺瘤术后胸膜转移伴胸水２例。６０Ｃｏ野包括全肺，中央铅块屏蔽，屏蔽处照射电子束，计算中平面胸膜受量，１００％等剂量线为２Ｇｙ，常规照射１５次。可见肿瘤局部加量２０Ｇｙ／１０ＦＸ。中平面约２／３肺组织受量＜５０％。同时接受３～６个疗程化疗。结果２５例恶性胸水完全控制１７例，部分控制７例，总有效率９６％。２２例可见肿瘤３例完全消退，１７例部分消退。经随访，１例无瘤生存１４个月，２例１２个月，１６例４～１１个月。６例死亡，中位生存期９个月。胸水复发４例，总控制率为８０．０％。照射后患者血象较前下降，急性放射性食管炎（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）１１例，２例胸膜明显增厚伴纤维化。结论６０Ｃｏ和电子线混合照射全胸膜临床上安全且具有较好的疗效