山羊肝精口服液的研制与早中期白内障的防治

山羊肝精口服液是经多年临床经验及反复研究所得的成果,剂型恰当,工艺合理,质量可控,稳定性好。药效学试验说明,本制剂具有健壮身体,抗疲劳的功能。毒理学试验与临床观察说明山羊肝精口服液具有安全性。     

槲皮素对培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞增生及DNA合成的影响

目的研究槲皮素(quercetin, QUE)对培养人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)细胞增生和DNA合成以及对表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)促RPE细胞增生和DNA合成作用的影响。方法用细胞计数和3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-thymidine, 3H-TdR)掺入方法,观察不同浓度(200、100、50、1μmol/L)的QUE和最大浓度的QUE(200μmol/L)在不同作用时间（24-168小时）,分别单独或与EGF共同作用时,对RPE细胞增生及DNA合成的影响,排除着色的死细胞,用活细胞计数法判断药物的细胞毒性作用。结果QUE 200μmol/L具有最强的抑制效应,48小时时抑制效应已明显出现,96小时时抑制达到高峰。与QUE单独作用相比,QUE对EGF的促RPE细胞增生效应能产生更强的抑制。QUE无细胞毒性作用,各实验组细胞活力均在85.00%以上。结论QUE以剂量依赖和时间依赖的方式抑制RPE细胞的增生,尤其是由EGF刺激的增生,并且对培养的RPE细胞无细胞毒作用。(中华眼底病杂志,1999,15:27-29)     

Growth and growth hormone in children during and after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Growth impairment and growth hormone (GH) deficiency have been reported in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We have studied growth and GH secretion in a group of 50 patients, affected by ALL, during a 2- to 5-year period after diagnosis, and in 12 long-term-survivors. We observed a significant decrease in growth velocity during the 1st year (in particular during the first 6 months) of therapy and a catch-up growth after the end of therapy. Longterm survivors did not exhibit a significant reduction of height standard deviation score (SDS), as compared to height SDS at diagnosis. None of the patients showed GH deficiency. Our data indicate that chemotherapy significantly affects growth of patients treated for ALL, whereas radiotherapy-at the doses used in this study-does not induce GH deficiency, at least not within 9 years after diagnosis.     

Ependymomas of the filum terminale in childhood: report of four cases and review of the literature

Four cases of ependymoma of the filum terminale occurring in childhood are reported. The clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features seen at this age and in adults were compared.     

Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Morphological studies in relation to time intervals with astrocytomas

Summary We report 137 recurrent supratentorial astrocytomas. The primary tumours diagnosed on the basis of a grading system with three stages were 72 astrocytomas I and 65 astrocytomas II. In the first group 14% of the recurrences were not changed, 55.5% became astrocytomas II, and 30.5% became glioblastomas. In the second group 55.4% were unchanged, and 44.6% became glioblastomas. The postoperative intervals until reintervention or death were statistically examined. It seems that the recurrence time chiefly depends on the nature of the primary tumour. The transformation of an astrocytoma I to a glioblastoma takes longer than the transformation of an astrocytoma II into a glioblastoma. In about two thirds of all astrocytomas an increase of malignancy is to be expected. From the histological picture it is not possible in an individual case to predict the likelihood or speed of malignant change. With regard to the effect of irradiation the authors conclude that radiotherapy most probably does not produce malignancy.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the founder and organizer of the Institute of Neurosurgery in Budapest, Prof. Dr. L. Zoltán (), for his promotion of these investigations.     

Flexure dose: the low-dose limit of effective fractionation

Total radiation dose often can be increased without subsequent increases in the severity of tissue injury by using reduced doses per fraction. The flexure dose, df, is defined as the largest fractional dose for which further fractionation produces no significant change in the total dose required to reach a specified effect level. Thus, df is clinically relevant in that it represents the limit of effective dose fractionation. For those tissues in which injury reflects depletion of a critical proportion of target cells, the flexure dose is a measure of the extent of the initial, nearly linear portion of the dose-survival curve. More generally, the flexure dose is a measure of the extent of the initial, nearly linear portion of a dose-response curve in organized tissue, whatever its relationship to clonogenic target cells might be. Several quantitative expressions for df are derived. The characteristic common to these is that each defines the flexure dose as a multiple of the ratio alpha/beta of the parameters of the linear-quadratic model of cell survival or dose response, where the multiple is a measure of experimental or statistical resolution. These multiples tend to fall within a limited range, thereby defining the "region of flexure" via the inequality 0.05 (alpha/beta) less than or equal to df less than or equal to 0.15 (alpha/beta). Estimates of the region of flexure are presented for a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues.     

Effect of intra-arterial cisplatin and 1,3-bis(2chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) dosage on radiographic response and regional toxicity in malignant glioma patients: proposal of a new method of intra-arterial dosage calculation

Summary The frequency of both neurologic toxicity and therapeutic response due to intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy is decreased by dose reduction. A method to individualize IA drug dosage is needed to provide each patient with the safest, most effective dose. Most trials of IA chemotherapy for malignant glioma have used body surface area (BSA) to calculate dosage; but brain size and arterial distribution do not correlate well with BSA. Fixed doses of cisplatin and BCNU were used in combination to perform 35 IA infusions in 20 malignant gliomas patients. Doses modified by the number of major intracranial vessels supplied by the infused artery were used in 34 infusions in 19 patients. Patients receiving 150 to 200 mg CP and 300 mg BCNU had an incidence of neurologic deficit of 5.6% if 3 vessels were supplied by the infused artery compared to 42% for those with only 2 vessels. This crude dose modification maintained efficacy while reducing neurologic toxicity. Further refinement is possible using well established intra-arterial pharmacokinetic principles. Intra-arterial dosing based on volume flow at the site of infusion would yield a more reproducible exposure of the infused capillary bed to a drug than methods currently in use. More consistent drug exposure should reduce toxicity due to over dosing and treatment failure due to under dosing. Address for offprints: 1151 N. State St., Suite 504, Jackson, MS 39202-2407, USA     

Biological bases for high RBE values for late effects of neutron irradiation

The late effects of fractionated irradiation with neutrons have been relatively more severe than after x-irradiation. Reasons for the RBEn/x being higher for late than for acute effects may include: (1) Late effects are reduced more by fractionation of X ray doses than are acute effects, whereas, with neutrons, the fractionation response is the same in rapidly-and slowly-responding tissues; (2) Late-responding tissues are less "sensitized" (and are, therefore, relatively protected) by redistribution throughout the division cycle during a fractionated regimen than are acutely-responding tissues: since neutron responses are less affected by cell-cycle distribution than are X ray responses, the relative protection of slowly-responding tissues is less; (3) The target cells for late, but not acute injury, may repair potentially lethal damage after X ray, but not after neutron exposure. Thus, the dissociation of RBE values for acute and late injury reflects mainly the dissociation between acute and late responses to conventional fractionated X ray regimens and, from the point of view of complications of radiotherapy, we should not condemn neutrons but praise X rays. Since fractionation of neutron doses into increments equivalent to those used in X ray therapy does not provide a preferential sparing of slowly-responding tissues, it is reasonable to shorten the overall duration of neutron treatment to deliver the total dose tolerated by the relevant "late-effects" tissue(s) in the shortest time consistent with acceptable acute responses.     

中药和天然药靶向制剂的研究进展

靶向制剂可以提高靶组织的药理作用强度和降低全身的不良反应 ,是一种比较理想的给药方式 ,为第四代的药物剂型。采用脂质体作为药物载体是研究的重点 ,磁靶向 ,酶靶向制剂也是研究热点。此外 ,口服结肠靶向给药系统 (OCDDS)也是靶向制剂的一个重要部分 ,其是经口服将药物运送到回盲肠后释放并发挥局部或全身的治疗作用。中药靶向制剂的研究在我国还仅处于试探阶段 ,目前中药和天然药物的靶向制剂的研究大多数是以天然单一有效成分为原料药物 ,而用中药有效部位研制的靶向制剂屈指可数 ,这与制定中药有效部位的质量标准及制剂工艺难度大有关。中药新剂型和新技术的开展是中药国际化的关键 ,需要有组织地开展多学科合作 ,靶向制剂是中药今后发展的一个重要课题。     

胰岛素基础--大剂量方案治疗青春期1型糖尿病儿童的疗效观察

目的：观察胰岛素基础—大剂量注射方案治疗青春期1型糖尿病儿童的临床疗效。方法：采用胰岛素基础—大剂量治疗方案4次／d(睡前注射中效，三餐前注射短效)治疗4例青春期糖尿病患儿6月。结果：4例患儿慢性高血糖症得以控制，空腹及餐后血糖水平接近正常，糖化血红蛋白(HbA1α)基本恢复正常，酮症酸中毒发生减少。结论：胰岛素基础—大剂量方案治疗能够控制青春期糖尿病血糖水平。