Hallazgos iniciales en la radiografía de tórax como predictores de empeoramiento en la infección pulmonar por SARS-CoV-2. Correlación en 265 pacientes

Background and aimsWe aimed to analyze the relationship between the initial chest X-ray findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and eventual clinical worsening and to compare three systems of quantifying these findings.Material and methodsThis retrospective study reviewed the clinical and radiological evolution of 265 adult patients with COVID-19 attended at our center between March 2020 and April 2020. We recorded data related to patients’ comorbidities, hospital stay, and clinical worsening (admission to the ICU, intubation, and death). We used three scoring systems taking into consideration 6 or 8 lung fields (designated 6 A, 6 B, and 8) to quantify lung involvement in each patient's initial abnormal chest X-ray and to classify its severity as mild, moderate, or severe, and we compared these three systems. We also recorded the presence of alveolar opacities and linear opacities (fundamentally linear atelectasis) in the first chest X-ray with pathologic findings.ResultsIn the χ2 analysis, moderate or severe involvement in the three classification systems correlated with hospital admission (p = 0.009 in 6 A, p = 0.001 in 6 B, and p = 0.001 in 8) and with death (p = 0.02 in 6 A, p = 0.01 in 6 B, and p = 0.006 in 8). In the regression analysis, the most significant associations were 6 B with alveolar involvement (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.1.–4.7; p = 0.025;) and 8 with alveolar involvement (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.01.–4.25; p = 0.046). No differences were observed in the ability of the three systems to predict clinical worsening by classifications of involvement in chest X-rays as moderate or severe.ConclusionModerate/severe extension in the three chest X-ray scoring systems evaluating the extent of involvement over 6 or 8 lung fields and the finding of alveolar opacities in the first abnormal X-ray correlated with mortality and the rate of hospitalization in the patients studied. No significant difference was found in the predictive ability of the three classification systems proposed.     

Indicadores bibliométricos para evaluar la actividad científica

Bibliometric indicators have been devised to quantify scientific production and to try to evaluate its impact in the community. In general, bibliometric indicators can be classified according to whether the unit of analysis is the author (individual or group) or journal. The most widely used indicators for authors are those that measure an individual author's production, such as the Crown index or the h-index and its derivatives (e-index, h5-index, and the absolute or Ab-index, among others). The bibliometric indicators devised to try to evaluate journal quality are associated with Journal Citation Reports (e.g., impact factor, field-weighted citation impact, Eigenfactor, and article influence) or with Scopus (Scimago Journal Rank (SJR), source normalized impact per paper (SNIP), and CiteScore). This article describes the main bibliometric indicators, explains how they are calculated, and discusses their advantages and limitations.     

The way we were (and how we got here): fifty years of technology changes in dental and maxillofacial radiology

The history of the last 50 years (1970–2020) of technological changes and progresses for equipment and procedures in dental and maxillofacial radiology is related from the insider perspective of an industrial physicist and technologist who has been instrumental at innovating and developing medical equipment in different parts of the world. The onset and improvement of all major categories of dental and maxillofacial radiographic equipment is presented, from the standpoint of their practical acceptance and impact among common dentists and maxillofacial radiologists: X-ray sources and detectors for intraoral radiography, and panoramic systems, both film-based and digital (including photo-stimulated phosphor plates); and cone beam CT.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现

目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现。方法：46例行乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术的患者,术后使用GE Senographe DS全数字化乳腺摄影机进行检查。结果：46例中于重建术后第一年内进行X线检查者12例,主要表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者9例,小于一半者2例,大于一半者仅1例;重建术后第二年内进行X线检查者21例,表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者有2例,小于一半者18例,大于一半者1例;重建术后第三年内进行X线检查者13例,均表现为背阔肌影明显小于乳房的一半。乳房重建术后其它表现：出现钙化影3例,小结节影2例。结论：乳腺癌根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后,随着时间延长而表现为背阔肌逐渐萎缩、局部脂肪逐渐增多。     

北美放射学会：百年历史百年发展

北美放射学会(Radiological Society of North America,RSNA)是一个由放射学医师、医学物理学专家和其他医疗专业人员组成的国际性学术团体,会员来自全球136个国家和地区,超过54000人。RSNA每年举办世界首屈一指的放射医学论坛,大约55000人参与,是全球放射学界规模最大、最能代表行业未来发展方向的医学盛会,堪称世界学术会议之冠。RSNA主办的Radiolog和Radio Graphics两本顶级学术期刊是放射学领域影响巨大的科学杂志。RSNA成立100年来,对放射学的发展起到了巨大推动作用。本文介绍RSNA的百年历史及其在放射学科发展中的重要作用,以期对我国的放射影像同仁以启迪。     

肝移植术后缺血性胆道病变的介入治疗探讨

目的探讨肝移植术后缺血性胆道病变(ITBL)患者接受介入治疗的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年2月在中山大学附属第三医院介入血管科接受介入治疗的76例肝移植术后ITBL患者的影像及临床资料。按胆道造影表现分为3组:肝门区狭窄组(28例),肝内多发狭窄组(42例),胆汁瘤组(6例)。治疗方式包括单纯经皮经肝胆管引流术(PTBD)、PTBD配合球囊扩张、PTBD配合球囊扩张及胆道内支架术。引流方式包括胆道外引流及胆道内外引流。术后随访并观察疗效及胆道并发症。结果 76例患者的PTBD首次成功率为97%(74/76)。介入治疗的总体治愈率、好转率及无效率分别为21%(16/76)、51%(39/76)、28%(21/76)。其中,肝门区狭窄组治愈10例(36%),好转16例(57%),无效2例(7%),治疗有效22例(93%);多发性狭窄组治愈6例(14%),好转21例(50%),无效15例(36%),治疗有效27例(64%);胆汁瘤组好转2例(2/6),无效4例(4/6)。肝门区狭窄患者的疗效优于多发性狭窄患者(P0.05),多发性狭窄患者的疗效优于胆汁瘤患者(P0.001)。引流管期间主要并发症为胆道感染,其中外引流及内外引流胆道感染发生率分别为20%(13/64)及67%(8/12),比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论 PTBD是治疗肝移植术后ITBL的安全、有效手段之一。结合球囊扩张及内支架置入可有效改善患者症状,提高生存质量。采用胆道外引流可显著降低胆道感染发生率。     

新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间放射科应急防控管理方案的探讨

自2019年12月以来,我国多省市持续发生2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)流行病例。放射科作为主要影像筛查与辅助诊断的一线科室,应急防控工作尤为重要。本文通过总结并探讨了我科为应对新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间的应急防控方案,拟为放射科抗击烈性传染病的管理工作提供参考意见。     

C臂锥形束CT的基本理论及其在介入放射学中的应用

C臂锥形束CT以C臂旋转运动、平板探测器采集和计算机重建技术进行血管造影和软组织成像,实现了二维摄影、透视与三维CT影像的有效结合,在头颈部、腹部血管及肿瘤介入治疗和非血管介入治疗领域具有独特优势。本文对C臂锥形柬CT的基本理论及在介入放射学中的应用进行综述。     

胆肠吻合术后良性吻合口狭窄的影像学诊断与介入治疗

目的评价经皮胆管穿刺引流术(PTCD)+球囊扩张术治疗胆肠吻合术后良性吻合口狭窄的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用PTCD+球囊扩张术治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口良性狭窄的患者13例,评估胆管通畅情况、黄疸指数、肝功能及引流管放置时间。结果对所有患者均成功完成PTCD+球囊扩张术,对其中2例植入金属支架;术后未发生再狭窄,吻合口近期、远期均通畅(13/13,100%);术后黄疸指数、肝功能均明显改善;引流管放置时间为7～98天,平均(57.3±29.9)天。胆管出血3例,无严重并发症发生。结论 PTCD+球囊扩张术可有效治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口良性狭窄;应根据具体情况选择不同治疗方式。