Ablación de taquicardia ventricular asistida con ECMO. Primera experiencia en nuestra institución

Catheter ablation is useful for reducing drug refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes and can be life-saving when VT is incessant or arrhythmic storm. Left ventricular hemodynamic support may be required in patients with VT and hemodynamic instability. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is an alternative to achieve ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation over long periods of time. We present a case of successful catheter ablation of substrate in a patient with ischemic heart disease and ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic instability performed using venous- arterial ECMO support. There were not episodes of ventricular tachycardia after 2 years of follow-up.     

二尖瓣手术同时行射频消融迷宫术对心房颤动患者血流动力学的影响

目的评价二尖瓣手术同时行射频(RF)消融迷宫(Maze)术对心房颤动(af)患者血流动力学的影响。方法将2003年1月至2004年10月在复旦大学附属中山医院接受二尖瓣手术同时行RF消融MazeⅢ手术的66例患者作为研究组,选择同期合并术前af但仅行二尖瓣手术的66例作为对照组,两组一般情况、基础疾病的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。通过回顾性分析和随访比较两组左房收缩功能、左房室大小、纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级和血栓栓塞事件发生率的差异。结果研究组平均随访(14.3±6.5)个月,对照组为(15.7±6.8)个月。两组术后最近一次随访时(>6个月)的左房、左室横径均较术前明显缩小(P值均<0.05),研究组术后左房横径明显小于对照组(P<0.01)。最后一次随访中,研究组NYHA心功能分级≥Ⅱ级者的构成比明显少于对照组(P<0.05),血栓栓塞事件发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论二尖瓣手术手术同时行af消融Maze手术可有效改善af患者术后的血流动力学,并使患者从中受益。     

特发性室性心动过速的导管射频消融治疗效果

目的 评价导管射频消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)对特发性室速(idiopathic ventricular tachy-cardia,IVT)的治疗效果以及心电图对消融靶点的定位价值.方法 对126例特发性室速患者的电生理资料及RFCA治疗效果进行回顾性分析.多数患者采用激动顺序标测,射频能量采用温控法(60～65℃).结果 126例患者中右室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)IVT 62例、左后间隔IVT 43例,其他部位IVT 21例.本组RFCA的总成功率为87.3%,RVOT-IVT和左后间隔IVT的成功率显著高于其他部位IVT(96.8%和90.7% vs 52.4%,P<0.05).本组8例患者存在发作性晕厥(发作的R-R间期230～260 ms),其中4例合并房室结双径路、2例合并隐匿性房室旁道、2例合并多形性室速.随访6个月至10年,复发9例(复发率为8.2%),均再次RFCA成功.合并心动过速性心肌病者6例,术后3个月心脏大小与心功能均恢复正常.结论 采用激动顺序标测法RFCA治疗IVT成功率高;室速发作时体表心电图对绝大多数室速起源具有定位价值;部分室速可能合并房室旁道或房室结双径路.     

Copper Biology in Health and Disease: Recent advances in copper analyses by inorganic mass spectrometry

Copper (Cu) participates in the biological redox reaction in the body, and its deficiency is fatal to the body. At the same time, Cu is extremely toxic when it exists in excess. Thus, the body has to tightly and spatiotemporally regulate the concentration of Cu within a physiological range by several groups of Cu-regulating proteins. However, entire mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Cu homeostasis in body and cells have not fully understood. It is necessary to analyze Cu itself in a body and in a cell to reveal the Cu homeostasis. In this review, recent advances in the analytical techniques to understand the Cu metabolism such as speciation, imaging and single-cell analysis of Cu were highlighted.     

经左室流出道消融治疗疑似右室流出道起源室性早搏1例并文献复习

心室流出道(ventricular outflow tract,VOT)起源室性早搏(premature ventricular contraction,PVC)因临床常见,具有典型的心电图(ECG)特征,诊断并不困难,射频消融术是该病非药物治疗的主要手段。文中报道1例初步诊断右心室流出道起源(RVOT)的PVC的患者,于左心室流出道(LVOT)获得成功消融的诊治经过。文献复习了PVC定位的方法、VOT局部独特的解剖特点对定位的影响,以及三维标测新技术对PVC消融手术的帮助。     

射频导管消融术对凝血激活程度的影响

目的观察射频导管消融术（RFCA）对患者血中凝血激活程度的影响,以及术后恢复时间。方法对56例接受RFCA术的患者,在RFCA术前,心内电生理检查后,成功消融后即刻、术后第2天和第7天,抽取静脉血,测定D-二聚体（D-Dimer）、血管内血友病因子（Vonwillebrandfactor,vWF）,血浆组织纤溶酶原（Tissue Plasminogen Activator,t-pa）和组织纤溶酶原抑制剂（Plas-minogen Activator Inhibitor,PAI-1）含量。结果与术前比较,血清D-二聚体、vWF浓度以及血浆PAI-1含量在心内电生理检查后、消融成功后即刻和术后第2天均显著上升（P〈0.01）,并于第7天降至术前水平,而t-PA含量在心内电生理检查后,消融成功后即刻和术后第2天显著下降（P〈0.01）,并于第7天降至术前水平。结论 RFCA术可引起血中凝血物质水平的显著增加。术后、术后对其监测有利于指导抗凝药物应用和预防血栓栓塞的发生。     

EnSite指引下心房纤颤消融治疗的临床应用

目的：评价EnSite三维立体电标测系统对心房纤颤（AF）消融的临床效果。方法：阵发性或持续性AF患者8例,男5例,女3例,年龄55～72岁。所有患者连接EnSite三维立体电标测系统,在X线和EnSite指引下构建左心房立体电标测结构图。在EnSite Navix指引下,行右肺上、下静脉和（或）左肺上、下静脉的环形隔离后,进行前庭部线性隔离。结果：所有患者均获得成功,平均随访时间为（203.29±86.52）d,无AF发作。无任何临床并发症。结论：EnSite三维立体电标测指导下的肺静脉口外环形消融是安全有效的非药物治疗AF的手段。     

前组筛窦开放联合下鼻甲激光消融术对变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、ECP水平的影响

目的观察比较前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗前后变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平的变化，探讨该疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的机制。方法20例变应性鼻炎患者，经鼻内镜行前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术；术前、术后1、2、4周分别检测患者血清总IgE（tIgE）、IgG、ECP水平，并以20例健康者作为对照组。结果与健康对照组相比较，手术治疗前变应性鼻炎患者的tIgE和ECP水平均明显升高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与患者本身术前水平相比较，手术治疗后1、2周时，其tIgE、IgG和ECP水平变化差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；至手术治疗后4周时，其tIgE和ECP水平均低于术前，IgG又高于术前，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。直线相关分析显示，tIgE与ECP水平存在高度正相关（r=0.943，P=0.001）。结论前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗变应性鼻炎的机制，可能是破坏筛前神经和部分副交感神经末梢，阻断神经反射，减少神经肽的释放，进而调节血清IgE、IgG、ECP的水平而发挥治疗作用。     

Germanium Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Low Pressure Helium and Nitrogen Atmosphere for Biophotonic Applications

Due to particular physico-chemical characteristics and prominent optical properties, nanostructured germanium (Ge) appears as a promising material for biomedical applications, but its use in biological systems has been limited so far due to the difficulty of preparation of Ge nanostructures in a pure, uncontaminated state. Here, we explored the fabrication of Ge nanoparticles (NPs) using methods of pulsed laser ablation in ambient gas (He or He-N₂ mixtures) maintained at low residual pressures (1–5 Torr). We show that the ablated material can be deposited on a substrate (silicon wafer in our case) to form a nanostructured thin film, which can then be ground in ethanol by ultrasound to form a stable suspension of Ge NPs. It was found that these formed NPs have a wide size dispersion, with sizes between a few nm and hundreds of nm, while a subsequent centrifugation step renders possible the selection of one or another NP size fraction. Structural characterization of NPs showed that they are composed of aggregations of Ge crystals, covered by an oxide shell. Solutions of the prepared NPs exhibited largely dominating photoluminescence (PL) around 450 nm, attributed to defects in the germanium oxide shell, while a separated fraction of relatively small (5–10 nm) NPs exhibited a red-shifted PL band around 725 nm under 633 nm excitation, which could be attributed to quantum confinement effects. It was also found that the formed NPs exhibit high absorption in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges and can be strongly heated under photoexcitation in the region of relative tissue transparency, which opens access to phototherapy functionality. Combining imaging and therapy functionalities in the biological transparency window, laser-synthesized Ge NPs present a novel promising object for cancer theranostics.     

TOSCA治疗复杂屈光不正患者术中切削厚度的临床分析

目的:分析角膜地形图引导的准分子激光角膜切削术(TOSCA)治疗复杂屈光不正患者术中切削厚度。方法:选取在我院接受TOSCA治疗的复杂屈光不正患者23例42眼,等效球镜为-2.50～-13.50(平均-7.51±2.23)D。将其在实际工作中按TOSCA模式中计算出的切削厚度与按照其相同的切削直径的LASIK/LASEK模式计算的切削厚度进行对比。结果:术前平均裸眼视力0.11±0.19,最佳矫正视力0.98±0.16,术后6mo裸眼视力1.03±0.30,与术前裸眼视力比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),达到并保持在术前最佳矫正视力。术前平均等效球镜-7.51±2.23D,术后6mo的平均等效球镜-0.42±0.67D,控制在±0.50D以内,达到矫正近视的目的。按照TOSCA模式计算术中实际切削厚度为92.43±21.28μm,剩余厚度为409.17±25.47μm,而按照相同的切削直径和屈光度的传统的LASIK/LASEK模式中计算的切削厚度和剩余厚度分别为123.26±28.73,378.69±32.65μm,两种模式的切削厚度相差约30.83±21.86μm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗复杂屈光不正患者时,TOSCA手术模式的术中预测角膜切削厚度明显小于LASIK/LASEK手术模式,理论上提高了手术的安全性。