精液分析中精子密度室内质量控制方法研究

目的建立一种可行的精液密度测定的质量控制方法.方法采用血细胞计数板和计算机辅助精液分析(CASA)两种方法,对所选取的与精子头部直径相近的质控珠进行高、中、低三种密度测定,分别于日内及日间测试12次.结果采用血细胞计数板方法测试高、中、低三种密度结果的日内变异系数分别为12.09%、8.86%、4.72%,日间变异系数分别为16.71%、10.65%、10.22%.CASA法日内变异系数分别为6.65%、5.93%、3.80%,日间变异系数分别为7.90%、6.84%、6.14%.结论质控珠可用于以上两种测试精子密度方法的室内质量控制,从而达到保证实验室测试精子密度质量的目的.     

信息系统审计--备份与灾难恢复方案

信息系统有着与生俱来的风险,这种风险以不同的方式冲击着信息系统。就医院行业来讲,HIS已成为医院业务处理的核心,如何控制和规避风险,就需要在建设实施HIS的同时,按照信息系统审计要求,对HIS的安全、风险管理与控制制定方案与审计,目的是保障系统的正常运行。本文也是本院HIS实施过程中制定的审计文档。     

监狱警察工作倦怠与控制点、心理健康的关系

目的 探讨监狱警察工作倦怠与控制点、心理健康的关系。方法 采用李超平、时勘修订的Maslach倦怠量表一通用版（MBI-GS）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、成人Nowicki-Strickland内外控量表（ANSIE）对506名监狱警察进行调查。结果 ①监狱警察的情绪衰竭、玩世不恭与SCL-90各因子分数存在显著的正相关（r=0．081～0.226P〈0．05），②监狱警察的情绪衰竭、玩世不恭与控制点之间存在显著正相关（r=0．467～0．422P〈0．01），降低的职业效能典控制点之间存在显著负相关（r=-0．281P〈0．01）。结论 监狱警察的控制点对于工作倦怠具有显著的预测作用，提高心理健康水平可以减轻他们的工作倦怠。     

脑-机接口:大脑对外信息交流的新途径

基于脑电(EEG)的脑-机接口(BCI)是在人脑和计算机或其它电子设备之间建立不依赖于常规大脑信息输出通路(外周神经和肌肉组织)的全新对外信息交流和控制技术,概述了基于EEG的BCI技术的科学意义与应用前景,并介绍了BCI主要研究方法和类型。     

L-[S-^11C-甲基]-蛋氨酸的快速制备和质量控制

利用回旋加速器轰击产生的^11C-C02为合成原料，甲醇化后获得反应活性很强的甲基化前体^11C-CH3I、该前体再与L-高胱氨酸硫内酯在常温下反应，快速制备后获得^11C标记的蛋氨酸(^11C-MET)．实验同时对30批次产品进行质量控制指标检测．结果表明从^11C-CH3I到^11C-MET合成时间为2min，合成效率为85％，产品放射化学纯度大于99％；质量控制指标合格。     

Deceleration affects anticipatory and reactive components of triggered postural responses

Understanding the physiological and psychological factors that contribute to healthy and pathological balance control in man has been made difficult by the confounding effects of the perturbations used to test balance reactions. The present study examined how postural responses were influenced by the acceleration–deceleration interval of an unexpected horizontal translation. Twelve adult males maintained balance during unexpected forward and backward surface translations with two different acceleration–deceleration intervals and presentation orders (serial or random). “SHORT” perturbations consisted of an initial acceleration (peak acceleration 1.3 m s⁻²; duration 300 ms) followed 100 ms later by a deceleration. “LONG” perturbations had the same acceleration as SHORT perturbations, followed by a 2-s interval of constant velocity before deceleration. Surface and intra-muscular electromyography (EMG) from the leg, trunk, and shoulder muscles were recorded along with motion and force plate data. LONG perturbations induced larger trunk displacements compared to SHORT perturbations when presented randomly and larger EMG responses in proximal and distal muscles during later (500–800 ms) response intervals. During SHORT perturbations, activity in some antagonist muscles was found to be associated with deceleration and not the initial acceleration of the support surface. When predictable, SHORT perturbations facilitated the use of anticipatory mechanisms to attenuate early (100–400 ms) EMG response amplitudes, ankle torque change and trunk displacement. In contrast, LONG perturbations, without an early deceleration effect, did not facilitate anticipatory changes when presented in a predictable order. Therefore, perturbations with a short acceleration–deceleration interval can influence triggered postural responses through reactive effects and, when predictable with repeated exposure, through anticipatory mechanisms.     

Interference between velocity-dependent and position-dependent force-fields indicates that tasks depending on different kinematic parameters compete for motor working memory

Humans demonstrate motor learning when exposed to changes in the dynamics of movement or changes in the visuomotor map. However, when two opposing dynamic transformations are learned in succession, the memory of the first is overwritten by learning of the second; the same is true for two opposing visuomotor rotations. This retrograde interference is not seen for all combinations of transformations, however. When a dynamic transformation is learned subsequent to a visuomotor rotation, the presence or absence of interference appears to depend crucially on the structure of the dynamic task: a force-field dependent on the position of the hand produces interference, whereas an inertial load applied lateral to the hand does not. To explain these results, it has been hypothesized that two transformations can be learned without interference if they depend on two different kinematic parameters of movement (such as position and velocity of the hand). Here we demonstrate, contrary to this hypothesis, interference between a dynamic transformation that depends on the position of the hand and one that depends on its velocity. However, the interference was found to be incomplete, supporting the view that the ability to retain motor memories for different tasks depends on the degree to which their representations conflict in working memory.     

Humans use continuous visual feedback from the hand to control both the direction and distance of pointing movements

Vision of the hand during reaching provides dynamic feedback that can be used to control movement. We investigated the relative contributions of feedback about the direction and distance of the hand relative to a target. Subjects made pointing movements in a 3-D virtual environment, in which a small sphere provided dynamic visual feedback about the position of their unseen fingertip. On a subset of trials, the position of the virtual fingertip was smoothly shifted by 2 cm during movement, either (1) in the direction of movement, which would require adjustments to the distance moved, or (2) orthogonal to the direction of movement, which would require adjustments to the direction moved. Despite not noticing the perturbations, subjects adjusted their movements to compensate for both types of visual shifts. Corrective responses to direction perturbations were observed within 117 ms, and response latencies were invariant to movement speed and perturbation onset time. Initial corrections to distance perturbations were smaller and appeared after longer delays of 130–200 ms, and both the speed and magnitude of responses were reduced for early onset perturbations. Simulations of a feedback control model that optimally integrates visual information over time show that the results can be explained by differences in the sensory noise levels in the visual dimensions relevant for direction and distance control.     

肝细胞培养过程中酸碱度和溶解氧的关联控制

目的在生物型人工肝支持系统(BAL)中,设计一种能够精确控制溶解氧(D0)与酸碱度(pH)的控制方案.方法根据肝细胞培养过程中所需要的物料衡算,采用比例积分(PI)算法结合开关量控制、预测控制等方案,通过工控机构建关联控制系统,使得D0与pH的值相互关联.结果DO控制范围0%～200%,精度达到±5%;pH控制范围6～8,精度达到±0.05.结论经实验证实,本控制方案工作稳定,无静态误差,解决了培养过程中DO与pH相互影响的问题,可用于BAL中对肝细胞培养环境的控制.     

Optimum control of the Hemopump as a left-ventricular assist device

A general framework for designing an optimum control strategy for the Hemopump is described. An objective function was defined that includes four membership functions, each constructed based on the desired values of one of the four members: stroke volume, mean left atrial pressure, aortic diastolic pressure and mean pump rotation speed. The Hemopump was allowed to operate either at a constant speed or at two different speeds during a cardiac cycle. The goal was to maximise the objective function by varying the magnitude and timing of the pump speed. Using a canine circulatory model, it was demonstrated that, in general, different cardiac conditions or different clinical objectives require different operation parameters. For example, when a left ventricle with minor ischaemia was simulated, and the main objective was to increase stoke volume, the objective function was maximised, from a value of 0.877 when the pump was off, to 0.946 when the pump was operated at speed 2 (18 500-revolutions min⁻¹). On the other hand, for a severely ischaemic heart, the optimum pump speed became speed 3 (20 000 revolutions min⁻¹), which maximized the objective function to 0.943 (from 0.707 when the pump was off). The results also suggest that it is more beneficial to operate the Hemopump at two different speeds during a cardiac cycle (a higher speed during systole and early diastole, and a lower speed during late diastole) than to maintain a constant speed throughout the cardiac cycle.