医学生心理弹性与应对方式的相关性及其影响因素

目的:了解医学生心理弹性与应对方式的相关性及其影响因素,为降低医学生心理压力,制定心理弹性干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用方便抽样方法,对640名医学生采用一般情况问卷、Conner-Davidson心理弹性量表中文版及简易应对方式量表进行问卷调查。结果:640名医学生心理弹性总均分(61.70±12.44)分,显著低于普通成人总均分(65.4±13.9)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=-7.542,P0.01)。相关分析显示,医学生心理弹性总分与积极应对显著正相关(r=0.538,P0.01),与消极应对呈负相关(r=-0.096,P0.05)。进一步回归分析显示,积极应对方式、消极应对方式、担任学生干部及家庭月收入是影响医学生心理弹性的重要因素。结论:医学生心理弹性水平较低,采取积极应对方式、担任学生干部及家庭经济状况好的医学生心理弹性水平更高。     

某教育机构员工心理资本与主观幸福感的关系:情感承诺的中介作用

目的:了解该教育机构员工情感承诺在心理资本及其各维度与主观幸福感间的关系。方法:使用Allen和Mayer的情感承诺问卷、温磊修订后的心理资本问卷和段建华修订后的总体幸福感问卷对该机构519名员工进行调查。结果:1总体上,除对健康的担心因子与各因子相关较低外,其他各因子间的相关均有统计学意义;2情感承诺(β=0.310,P0.001)、希望(β=0.136,P0.01)与乐观(β=0.134,P0.01)这3个变量解释了总体主观幸福感20.7%的变异;3路径"心理资本-情感承诺-主观幸福感"的直接效应与中介效应显著。中介效应占总效应的比值为28.7%,中介效应解释了因变量方差变异的27.0%。结论:情感承诺在心理资本与主观幸福感之间存在不完全中介作用。     

某部235名新兵士兵职业基本适应性检测结果

目的:对入伍新兵进行心理复查,筛查心理障碍,保障入伍新兵心理健康。方法:采用全国征兵心理检测技术中心研发的士兵职业基本适应性检测专用软件和专用试卷,在新兵入伍后1个月,对某部235名新兵进行心理复查,并对计算机检测结果进行分析。结果:计算机心理检测合格率为83.82%,言语和数学能力测验合格率为99.15%,人格测验不合格率为14.89%,结构性访谈35人,不合格人数6人,占总人数的2.55%,均诊断为适应障碍,Set、Net、Dit排在结构性访谈不合格者人格因子异常率的前3位。结论:入伍新兵心理复查结果好于应征公民心理检测结果;士兵职业基本适应性检测能有效筛选出心理障碍者,具有很好的筛查性;有必要在入伍后1个月进行心理复检,为入伍后新兵心理问题筛查和心理干预提供指导。     

心理弹性、注意控制及焦虑对急进高原官兵心理应激的影响

目的:探讨急进高原官兵心理应激的特点及与心理弹性、注意控制、焦虑的关系。方法:采用军人心理应激自评问卷、心理弹性问卷、注意控制量表、焦虑量表对180名急进高原官兵进行调查。结果:急进高原官兵不同时间段心理应激水平存在显著差异(F=2.781,P0.05);高、低心理应激组官兵的心理弹性(t=3.517,P0.01)、注意控制(t=4.391,P0.001)、焦虑(t=-7.416,P0.001)存在显著差异;乐观性、注意控制能有效预测心理应激,总解释率为39.2%;注意控制在心理弹性、焦虑对心理应激的影响中起中介作用。结论:急进高原官兵心理应激呈变化趋势,心理弹性、注意控制的提升有助于缓解心理应激症状,促进心理健康,保障战斗力。     

Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels in psoriasis patients

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with neuroplasticity and synaptic strength, and is decreased in conditions associated with chronic stress. Nevertheless, BDNF has not yet been investigated in psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory systemic disease that is exacerbated by stress. Therefore, our aim was to determine BDNF plasma levels in psoriasis patients and healthy controls. Adult patients (n=94) presenting with psoriasis for at least 1 year were enrolled, and age- and gender-matched with healthy controls (n=307) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Participants had neither a previous history of coronary artery disease nor current episode of major depression. BDNF plasma levels were determined using the Promega ELISA kit. A general linear model was used to compare BDNF levels in psoriasis patients and controls, with age, gender, systolic blood pressure, serum fasting glucose, blood lipid levels, triglycerides, smoking status, and body mass index examined. After adjusting for clinical and demographic variables, significantly decreased BNDF plasma levels were observed in psoriasis patients (P=0.01) (estimated marginal means of 3922 pg/mL; 95%CI=2660-5135) compared with controls (5788 pg/mL; 95%CI=5185-6442). Similar BDNF levels were found in both mild and severe cases of psoriasis. Our finding, that BDNF is decreased in psoriasis, supports the concept of a brain-skin connection in psoriasis. Further studies should determine if BDNF is increased after specific psoriasis treatments, and associated with different disease stages.     

Spin jam induced by quantum fluctuations in a frustrated magnet

Since the discovery of spin glasses in dilute magnetic systems, their study has been largely focused on understanding randomness and defects as the driving mechanism. The same paradigm has also been applied to explain glassy states found in dense frustrated systems. Recently, however, it has been theoretically suggested that different mechanisms, such as quantum fluctuations and topological features, may induce glassy states in defect-free spin systems, far from the conventional dilute limit. Here we report experimental evidence for existence of a glassy state, which we call a spin jam, in the vicinity of the clean limit of a frustrated magnet, which is insensitive to a low concentration of defects. We have studied the effect of impurities on SrCr_9pGa_12-9pO₁₉ [SCGO(p)], a highly frustrated magnet, in which the magnetic Cr³⁺ (s = 3/2) ions form a quasi-2D triangular system of bipyramids. Our experimental data show that as the nonmagnetic Ga³⁺ impurity concentration is changed, there are two distinct phases of glassiness: an exotic glassy state, which we call a spin jam, for the high magnetic concentration region (p > 0.8) and a cluster spin glass for lower magnetic concentration (p < 0.8). This observation indicates that a spin jam is a unique vantage point from which the class of glassy states of dense frustrated magnets can be understood.Understanding glassy states found in dense frustrated magnets has been an intellectual challenge since peculiar low-temperature glassy behaviors were observed experimentally in the quasi-2D SrCr_9pGa_12-9pO₁₉ (SCGO) (1–3) and in the 3D pyrochlore Y₂Mo₂O₇ (4). Immediately following, theoretical investigations (5–9) were performed to see if an intrinsic spin freezing transition is possible in a defect-free situation, aided by quantum fluctuations, as in the order-by-fluctuations phenomenon (10, 11). Quantum fluctuations at T = 0 were shown to select a long-range ordered state in the 2D kagome isotropic antiferromagnet (AFM) (5, 6), later expanded to the isotropic pyroclore and SCGO (9). Anisotropic interactions were also considered as a possible origin of the glassy kagome AFM (7). For an XY pyrochlore AFM, thermal fluctuations were found to induce a conventional Neel order (8). Experimental works were also performed to investigate if the glassy states are extrinsic due to site defects or random couplings or intrinsic to the magnetic lattice (12, 13). The consensus is that the low-temperature spin freezing transitions in SCGO(p) near the clean limit (p ≈ 1) is not driven by site defects (13).The nature of the frozen state in SCGO has been investigated by numerous experimental techniques, including bulk susceptibility (1–3), specific heat (2, 14), muon spin relaxation (μSR) (15), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (13, 16), and elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (17). Observed are spin glassy behaviors, such as field-cooled and zero-field-cooled (FC/ZFC) hysteresis in bulk susceptibility (3), as well as non-spin-glassy behaviors, such as a quadratic behavior of specific heat at low T, C_v ∝ T² (14), linear dependence of the imaginary part of the dynamic susceptibility at low energies, χ″(ω) ∝ ω (17), and a broad but prominent momentum dependence of the elastic neutron scattering intensity (17). The interpretation of the frozen state below T_f is still controversial. One possibility suggested was a spin liquid with unconfined spinons or resonating valence bond state, based on NMR and μSR studies (15, 16). Many-body singlet excitations were also suggested to be responsible for the C_v ∝ T² behavior (14).Recently, some of us presented an alternative scenario involving a spin jam state by considering the effects of quantum fluctuations in the disorder-free quasi-2D ideal SCGO lattice with a simple nearest neighbor (NN) spin interaction Hamiltonian ? = J∑_NNS_i ? S_j (18, 19). The spin jam framework provided a qualitatively coherent understanding of all of the low-temperature behaviors such as that a complex energy landscape is responsible for the frozen state without long-range order (18), and Halperin−Saslow (HS)-like modes for the C_v ∝ T² and χ″(ω) ∝ ω behaviors (5, 18). In this system, which we refer to as the ideal SCGO model (iSCGO), semiclassical magnetic moments (or spins) are arranged in a triangular network of bipyramids and interact uniformly with their NN (18, 19). The microscopic mechanism for the spin jam state is purely quantum mechanical. The system has a continuous and flat manifold of ground states at the mean field level, including locally collinear, coplanar, and noncoplanar spin arrangements. Quantum fluctuations lift the classical ground state degeneracy (order by fluctuations), resulting in a complex rugged energy landscape that has a plethora of local minima consisting of the locally collinear states separated from each other by potential barriers (18). Although the work of ref. 18 dealt with a similar phase space constriction by quantum fluctuations as the aforementioned other theoretical works did, we would like to stress here the difference between the two: Whereas the other works mainly focused on the selection of the long-range-ordered (LRO) energetic ground state, the work of ref. 18 showed that the short-range-ordered (SRO) states that exist at higher energies are long-lived, dominate entropically over the LRO states, and govern the low-T physics.The introduction of nonmagnetic impurities into a topological spin jam state breaks some of the constraints in the system, and possibly allows local transitions between minima, with a time scale dependent on the density of impurities. At a sufficiently high vacancy concentration, the system exits the spin jam state and becomes either paramagnetic or an ordinary spin glass at lower temperatures. Here we try to identify and explore the spin jam regime in an experimentally accessible system. The three most important signatures we seek for the existence of a spin jam state, different from conventional spin glass states, are (i) a linear dependence of the imaginary part of the dynamic susceptibility at low energies, χ″(ω) ∝ ω, (ii) intrinsic short range static spin correlations, and (iii) insensitivity of its physics to nonmagnetic doping near the clean limit. In the rest of the paper, we provide experimental demonstration of these properties.Experimentally, there are, so far, two materials, SrCr_9pGa_12-9pO₁₉ [SCGO(p)] (1–3, 13–17, 20) and qs-ferrites like Ba₂Sn₂ZnGa₃Cr₇O₂₂ (BSZGCO) (21), in which the magnetic Cr³⁺ (3d³) ion surrounded by six oxygen octahedrally, form distorted quasi-2D triangular lattice of bipyramids (20, 21) as shown in Fig. 1A, and thus may realize a spin jam state. We would like to emphasize that these systems are very good insulators (resistivity ρ > ?10¹³?Ω ? cm at 300 K) and the Cr³⁺ (t2g3) ion has no orbital degree of freedom. Furthermore, the neighboring Cr ions share one edge of oxygen octahedral, and thus the direct overlap of the t2g3 orbitals of the neighboring Cr³⁺ ions make the AFM NN Heisenberg exchange interactions dominant and further neighbor interactions negligible (22, 23), as found in Cr₂O₃ (24) and ZnCr₂O₄ (25).Open in a separate windowFig. 1.(A) In SrCr_9pGa_12-9pO₁₉ [SCGO(p)], the magnetic Cr³⁺ (3d³, s = 3/2) ions form the kagome−triangular−kagome trilayer (Top). The blue and red spheres represent kagome and triangular sites, respectively. When viewed from the top of the layers, they form the triangular network of bipyramids (Bottom). (B) The p−T phase diagram of SCGO(p) constructed by bulk susceptibility and elastic neutron scattering measurements on powder samples with various p values. The freezing temperatures, T_f, marked with blue square and black circle symbols are obtained by bulk susceptibility and elastic neutron scattering measurements, respectively. Note that the values of T_f are much lower than the Curie–Weiss temperatures (see Fig. S1). Filled blue squares represent the data obtained from samples whose crystal structural parameters including the Cr/Ga concentrations were refined by neutron diffraction measurements (see Fig. S2 and Fig. S3).     

护理干预改善过敏性鼻炎季节性发作患者的心理状态的效果研究

【】目的：探讨过敏性鼻炎季节性发作的心理评估及护理干预措施,为临床护理干预方案的实施提供理论依据。方法：选取在我院就诊的过敏性鼻炎季节性发作患者208例,随机分为观察组和对照组各104例。对照组按照耳鼻喉科常规护理方案实施护理干预。观察组成立医疗护理团队,对患者进行心理评估并实施针对性的护理干预措施。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估和对比两组患者入院前和出院后1天的心理变化。同时对比两组患者对住院期间的护理质量满意率。结果：观察组干预后的SAS量表得分为(38.04±6.38)分,SDS量表得分为(38.15±6.27)分,均显著低于干预前,且低于对照组干预后(均P＜0.05);观察组对住院期间护理质量满意的满意率为96.15%,对照组对住院期间护理质量满意率为82.69%,观察组对住院期间护理质量的满意率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论：通过心理评估并制定针对性的护理干预措施,有助于提高临床护理的质量,促进过敏性鼻炎季节性发作患者不良心理状态的改善,提升患者对护理工作的满意度。     

Anxiety,Depression, and General Psychological Distress in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow

Background

The relationship between psychiatric illness and heart disease has been frequently discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress, and coronary slow flow (CSF).

Methods

In total, 44 patients with CSF and a control group of 50 patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) were prospectively recruited. Clinical data, admission laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics were recorded. Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scales were administered to each patient.

Results

The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, and atherosclerotic risk factors. In the CSF group, BAI score, BDI score, and general symptom index were significantly higher than controls (13 [18.7] vs. 7.5 [7], p = 0.01; 11 [14.7] vs. 6.5 [7], p = 0.01; 1.76 [0.81] vs. 1.1[0.24], p = 0.01; respectively). Patients with CSF in more than one vessel had the highest test scores. In univariate correlation analysis, mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts were positively correlated with BAI (r = 0.56, p = 0.01), BDI (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), and general symptom index (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). The psychiatric tests were not correlated with risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

Our study revealed higher rates of depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress in patients with CSF. This conclusion warrants further studies.     

阅读疗法临床护理研究文献内容分析

目的 探讨我国阅读疗法临床护理研究发展趋势,并分析其存在问题。 方法 检索Pubmed、Sciencedirect和中国知网等数据库收录的近10年阅读疗法临床护理研究相关文献。由3名研究人员独立对文献进行筛选、编码和制作类目表,并根据类目表进行内容分析。 结果 最终确定1篇硕士论文和46篇期刊论文为内容分析文献。以非手术患者为研究对象占70%;以焦虑、抑郁为研究主题的占59%;采用客观评估法的占74%;采用客观效果评价法的占85%;干预周期4周及以上者占60%;基金资助占23%;有明确质量控制的占47%。 结论 阅读疗法临床护理研究主要应用于恢复期精神分裂症、抑郁症和化疗等非手术患者,集中于焦虑、抑郁等心理问题的解决,且干预周期4周及以上能够确保良好的阅读疗法效果。     

特色蒙药资源保护与开发利用现状及发展战略简析

蒙药资源是蒙医事业发展的源头和保证,特色蒙药资源是蒙药资源中更具地域性、优质、具有鲜明民族用药特色的蒙药资源,在蒙医药领域有着不可替代的重要地位。然而近年来,由于生态环境破坏、需求量激增等原因,许多特色蒙药资源处于濒危状态,对其保护与开发利用仍存在诸多问题,必须予以足够的重视。该文从特色蒙药资源种类、保护与开发利用现状等方面进行探讨,并在此基础上对特色蒙药资源保护与开发利用今后的发展战略进行了简析,旨在为蒙医药事业快速健康发展提供一点借鉴。