How a Child's Blood Pressure is Related to Psychological Influences Some Results with R. Zazzo's Bestiary Test

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between some psychological characteristics and blood pressure. We used the Bestiary Test which gives an impression of the child's psychological characteristics and his way of coping with personal conflicts. The test was applied to 766 children between the ages of 4-10 years. By discriminant analysis we established relations between systolic blood pressure, and the responses to the test. By correspondence analysis we found that hypertensive children have a tendency to perceive human relationships, especially those between males and females, as aggressive.     

Psychological defence and nuclear war

Society is influenced by the unconcious aspects of the minds of the member individuals. This paper describes a psychoanalytic approach to some aspects of the social processes that give rise to the attitudes in Western society towards nuclear war and the nuclear threat. It is concluded that there are profound hidden factors that work against changing the current views on war and nuclear war, and that some peace groups are inadvertently recruited into maintaining the status quo.     

The effects of physical exercise training and cardiac education on levels of anxiety and depression in the rehabilitation of coronary artery bypass graft patients

Objective: to evaluate whether an exercise and education-based rehabilitation programme is sufficient treatment for individuals with clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Design: follow-up and repeated assessment after surgery. Setting: outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme. Patients: all 88 attenders after CABG surgery. Assessments: structured interview and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale (using 8 as the cut-off) administered by rehabilitation nurses at start of course and HAD repeated at 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months (by post after discharge). Results: return rates of 76 and 80% at 6- and 12-month assessments, respectively; statistically significant reductions in levels of anxiety and depression found between first and all subsequent assessments; subdividing into groups revealed significant reduction in anxiety and depression in the anxious and depressed groups at 12 weeks and 6 months, respectively, but at 12 months there was no significant reduction. Conclusions: there is a need to address the problems of anxiety and depression directly by screening and treatment, and to provide more psychologically-orientated cardiac rehabilitation programmes.     

目前我国航空心理学研究的五个具体问题

论述目前我国航空心理学研究中的五个问题：（1）我军飞行人员心理选拔；（2）飞行能力和空间定向；（3）应激对飞行工作的影响及其应付方法；（4）军事飞行员心身疾病；（5）飞行员临时停飞和心理学评估研究。建议在航空心理学的科学研究中，将心理学与医学及其它学科相结合进行研究。     

心理技巧训练在航空兵部队的应用

按心理学的原则和方法，制定了一套飞行人员心理训练方案：双重任务训练作为心理模拟训练；生物反馈放松训练作为情绪一行为控制训练；表象训练作为飞行程序和知觉一运动的认知训练。以声像教材和仪器训练形式在军事飞行员中试用。83名飞行员分为三个实验组和一个对照组。实验组每天接受30min训练，共15次。心理训练结束半年以后，四个组的飞行成绩有显著性差异（P＜0．01），其中生物反馈放松训练＋表象训练组的成绩与其它二组（生物反馈放松圳练组、双重任务训练组）及对照组相比有显著性差异；放松训练达标人数与飞行成绩的点双列相关系数为0．6；放格趋势一周后逐渐平稳。此结果为军事飞行员的心理训练提供了有益的启示。     

心理干预在女性外阴整形手术护理中的应用

分析对接受外阴整形手术治疗的女性患者在护理中融入心理干预的应用价值。方法 选取2021年5月-2022年11月于我院行外阴整形手术治疗的60例女性患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组和研究组,各32例。参照组予以常规护理,研究组在参照组的基础上予以心理干预,比较两组心理状况、性功能、自尊程度及护理满意度。结果 两组护理后SAS评分、SDS评分均低于护理前,且研究组低于参照组（P ＜0.05）;两组FSFI评分、SES评分均高于护理前,且研究组高于参照组（P ＜0.05）;研究组护理满意度为100.00%,高于参照组的84.38%（P ＜0.05）。结论 对接受外阴整形手术治疗的女性患者在护理中融入心理干预,能够有效调节患者心理状态,缓解其负性情绪,增强患者对手术的配合度,改善患者的性功能,恢复患者生活信心,有利于提升护理满意度,值得应用。     

心理干预对癫痫患者生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价心理干预对我国癫痫患者生活质量的影响。方法计算机检索维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊网全文数据库、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库,查找有关心理干预对癫痫患者生活质量影响的临床对照试验,检索时限为从建库至2012-12,由2位评价人员按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入8个临床对照试验,包括598例患者。Meta分析结果显示:(1)心理干预显著增加癫痫患者QOL总分及多个分项得分(P0.05);(2)干预组与对照组咨询前后QOL总分及各分项得分的差数均数差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。结论心理干预可能有效改善癫痫患者的生活质量,且长期的干预效果比较稳定。受限于纳入研究的质量和数量,上述结论尚有赖于进一步开展更多大样本、多中心、高质量的临床研究加以验证。     

Peer victimization,prison climate,resilience and psychological distress of incarcerated juvenile offenders in Ghana: A serial mediation examination

Most Ghanaian research in the area of victimization among children has focused on the school setting. Little research has been done in an attempt to understand inmate-on-inmate victimization within the juvenile correctional facilities in Ghana. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which peer victimization influences psychological distress among juvenile offenders in the Senior Correctional Center of Ghana. A cross-sectional design was used to purposively sample 115 juvenile offenders for the study. Following mediation analysis performed in PROCESS, the results revealed that prison climate and resilience serially mediated the relationship between peer victimization and psychological distress. Independently, both prison climate and resilience mediated the relationship between peer victimization and psychological distress. It was recommended that anti-bullying programs ought to be institutionalized to create mental health awareness within the correctional facilities. Also, support systems such as the Listener Scheme need to be deployed within the correctional facilities.     

体能锻炼对肾移植受者术后早期康复的影响

目的探讨体能锻炼对肾移植受者早期生理、心理功能及并发症的影响。方法将52例肾移植受者随机分为观察组(27例)和对照组(25例)两组。对照组给予常规处理,观察组在常规处理的基础上,于术后6周开始有计划地进行体能锻炼,持续24周。观察两组入组前,入组后6周、12周、18周、24周的血红蛋白、血清肌酐(Scr)、血钙水平,以及高血压、高血脂、高血糖、骨质丢失、肺部感染等并发症的发生情况。采用汉密顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety,HAMA)评价两组入组前后的心理障碍发生情况。结果观察组体能锻炼12周后血红蛋白、血钙水平升高的幅度比对照组更为明显(均为P<0.05)。观察组的高血脂、骨质丢失发生率明显低于对照组(均为P<0.05)。观察组体能锻炼后发生焦虑障碍的例数少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论体能锻炼能显著改善肾移植受者的生理、心理功能,并降低并发症的发生率。     

心理护理对乙肝合并肝纤维化患者不良心理状态和生存质量的影响

目的探讨心理护理对乙肝合并肝纤维化患者不良心理状态和生存质量的影响。方法本研究共纳入103例乙肝合并肝纤维化的患者作为研究对象,根据起始端心理状态评分,分为不良状态组(≥50分,38例)和正常状态组(50分,65例)。所有患者均进行一般的常规护理和心理护理,3个月后均再次进行心理状态、生存质量及治疗依从性评估。观察并比较两组患者心理护理前后的心理状态、生存质量及治疗依从性评分的变化情况。结果研究开始时不良状态组,心理状态评分明显高于正常状态组(P0.05);生存质量评分均明显低于正常状态组(P0.05);治疗依从性也明显比正常状态组差(P0.05)。经过3个月心理护理后,不良状态组患者心理状态评分明显降低(P0.05);生存质量评分均显著升高(P0.05);治疗依从性也明显得到改善(P0.05);正常状态组患者生存质量评分均显著升高(P0.05)。心理治疗后,两组患者的心理状态评分、生存质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗依从性差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心理护理能有效改善乙肝合并肝纤维化患者不良心理状态、生存质量和治疗依从性,提高患者治疗依从性,值得在临床上推广应用。