腮腺良性肿瘤手术中面神经颈支的解剖

目的探讨应用面神经颈支为向导显露面神经并完成腮腺良性肿瘤切除的可行性和安全性。方法收治腮腺良性肿瘤87例,分别应用以面神经总干、颊支、下颔缘支和颈支为向导的方法显露出面神经,完成腮腺肿瘤切除,并观察术后面神经的功能情况。结果应用面神经总干、颊支、下颔缘支和颈支显露面神经的病例分别为10、8、28、41例,术后出现的面神经损伤率依次为30％、37．5％、46,4％、24．3％,其中应用下颔缘支和颈支的方法术后面神经损伤几率的比较,P〈0.05,有显著差异性。结论应用面神经颈支为向导显露面神经总干及其他分支的方法,方便可行,优于通过下颔缘支的方法。     

外科手术联合放射性粒子^125I植入治疗晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤

目的探讨^125I放射性粒子对晚期头颈恶性肿瘤的综合治疗效果,评估对于手术切除不能保证可靠安全缘的病例,防止局部复发的效果。方法放疗后复发的喉癌伴有双侧颈部淋巴结转移,舌癌伴有颈部淋巴结转移,复发的上颌窦癌等,在进行根治手术后,术区植入^125I放射性粒子。结果除1例舌癌患者术后6个月复发外,其余病例术后随访24～32个月,在随访期间肿瘤均未复发和转移。所有患者术后未发现因放射性粒子原因出现的切口感染、出血、切口不愈合等并发症,未发生粒子脱落。结论放射性粒子^125I植入疗法是治疗头颈恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一,为肿瘤的综合治疗增添了新的治疗手段,尤其是手术后复发、放疗后复发以及不能彻底切除的晚期恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一;同时对于手术切除不能保证可靠安全缘的病例,也是防止局部复发的有效手段。     

侵及颈总动脉病变的手术治疗

目的探讨侵及颈总动脉病变的手术方法及注意事项。方法分析11例资料完整的患者资料,包括喉癌喉3/4切除术后复发1例,结核性颈总动脉瘤破裂大出血1例,医源性颈总动脉瘤1例,颈动脉体瘤3例,甲状腺癌侵及颈总动脉1例,颈部肿瘤侵及颈总动脉2例,颈总动脉离断伤1例,气性坏疽1例。结果上述病例中,2例完成肿瘤切除,颈总动脉重建;2例术中应用Shunt转流管,完成肿瘤切除;1例颈外伤,行颈总动脉结扎;1例医源性颈总动脉瘤患者,行动脉瘤切除,颈总动脉修补;甲状腺癌患者分离颈总动脉并切除部分气管侧壁完成肿瘤切除及应用颈前肌气管修补;2例颈部肿瘤保留颈总动脉切除肿瘤;1例气性坏疽患者颈部切开减压。结论侵及颈总动脉病变的手术治疗,主要有下列3种形式：①切除肿瘤及颈总动脉、颈动脉重建;②切除肿瘤及颈总动脉,颈总动脉结扎;③分离颈总动脉切除肿瘤。     

鼻内镜下前颅底肿瘤切除术

目的探讨鼻内镜下前颅底区域肿瘤切除术的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性总结鼻内镜下鼻腔、筛窦及前颅底肿瘤切除术病例19例,其中筛窦鳞状细胞癌3例,嗅神经母细胞瘤3例,肾透明细胞转移癌1例,恶性黑色素瘤3例,浆细胞瘤1例,筛窦腺癌2例,腺样囊性癌4例,脑膜瘤2例。结果根据内镜下所见及术后影像学检查证实18例瘤全部切除,1例大部切除。3例恶性黑色素瘤患者中,1例术后1年死于脑转移,1例术后8个月后出现局部复发。1例腺样囊性癌患者术后17个月后复发,其余16例肿瘤患者随访12个月～3年未发现复发。结论对于局限于鼻腔、筛窦的恶性肿瘤,以及瘤体大部在鼻及鼻窦内的前颅底良性肿瘤,鼻内镜手术可以将其完整切除,对于恶性肿瘤应慎重选择病例,术后应辅以放疗。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的鼻内镜治疗

目的探讨经鼻内镜手术治疗嗅神经母细胞瘤的可行性及疗效。方法对1994年8月～2008年6月30例经病理证实为嗅神经母细胞瘤的患者资料进行回顾性分析,对其手术方式和疗效进行对比研究。其中男20例,女10例,年龄12～77岁。依据Kadish分期,A期3例、B期10例、C期17例。结果随访时间3～97个月,中位随访时间31个月。其中鼻内镜入路16例,内镜经鼻联合经颅入路3例,鼻侧切开或联合经颅入路11例。应用Kaplan-Meier法按分期对不同的手术入路分别计算生存率,经内镜鼻或联合经颅入路患者5年总体生存率为70.1%,无瘤生存率为54.9%;鼻侧切开或联合经颅入路患者分别为61.4%和30.3%。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻腔、鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤的有效方法。     

上颌窦恶性肿瘤术后缺损及修复方法

目的探讨上颌窦恶性肿瘤术后缺损的外科重建及贋复体修复。方法60例上颌窦恶性肿瘤术中采用带蒂额瓣、胸锁乳突肌皮瓣、颞肌筋膜瓣、胸大肌皮瓣及腭瓣修复软组织缺损18例,术后选用贋复体修复50例。结果术后语音、吞咽、通气功能及面容恢复良好者占68.3%,一般占20%,较差者占11.7%。胸大肌皮瓣与腭部裂开3例,边缘坏死1例,内眦部皮肤瘘口3例,开口受限8例。结论外科重建与贋复体并用即刻修复上颌窦恶性肿瘤术后缺损,方法简便、经济,贋复体周围软组织良好的固位形和封闭性是功能恢复及面容美观的关键。     

Obliteration of Radical Cavities and Total Reconstruction Procedure Without Staging After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: Long-term Results

Objectives

We evaluate the long-term surgical and hearing results using a canal wall down mastoidectomy technique followed by cavities obliteration, canal wall reconstruction and ossiculoplasty without staging.

Methods

A total of 44 patients between January 2002 and October 2009 were selected and 27 of them were revision cases. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) were assessed and compared 1 and 4 years after surgery.

Results

The middle ear was well healed and aerated in 40 patients (90.9%) and the tympanic membrane was intact in 42 patients (95.5%). Recurrent cholesteatoma was found on postoperative follow-up in two of the revision patients (7.4%) but none in the primary patients. Seven patients were found to have partial canal bone absorption, but revision surgery was not required. Over 86.4% of all cases were water resistant. Long-lasting improvement and/or preservation of hearing, with maintenance of PTA-ABG closure in 63.7% of all cases within 20 dB, were obtained.

Conclusion

The efficacy of our technique after a canal wall down mastoidectomy is satisfactory, and the rate of complication is acceptably low. We believe that our technique could be a convenient method in disease control and providing an excellent basis for hearing restoration simultaneously.     

先天性巨结肠根治术后医源性直肠阴道瘘的再手术治疗CSCD

Objective To explore the causes of iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula after pull-through in Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) and summarize the experiences and efficacies of reoperation. Methods From December 2007 to December 2020 , retrospective review was conducted for clinical data of 6 HD children with iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula after pull-through. The surgical procedures for repairing rectovaginal fistula included transabdominal and transanal Soave , transperineal or transanal surgery. Results A total of six girls were included. Clinical manifestation was vaginal excretion. Injuries occurred in initial surgery (n =4) and during redo pull-through (n =2). The reasons for re-operation were postoperative abdominal hemorrhage and aganglionic segment residue. Rectovaginal fistula with anastomotic retraction and stenosis were successfully repaired by transabdominal and transanal Soave procedure in single time(n =4). The remaining two cases underwent simple local repair of rectovaginal fistula , including fistula closure after anal repair twice (n =1) and failed closure after five local (perineal/anal) repairs (n =1). Conclusion Rectovaginal fistula after pull-through in HD is a serious iatrogenic injury. It should be separated close to rectal submucosa/rectal wall to avoid vaginal injury. Transabdominal and transanal Soave procedure has a high success rate for repairing rectovaginal fistula and managing anastomotic retraction and stenosis. © 2022, Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Stratification of complexity in congenital heart surgery: comparative study of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) method, Aristotle basic score and Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio- Thoracic Surgery (STS-EACTS) mortality score

Objective

To determine whether stratification of complexity models in congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1, Aristotle basic score and STS-EACTS mortality score) fit to our center and determine the best method of discriminating hospital mortality.

Methods

Surgical procedures in congenital heart diseases in patients under 18 years of age were allocated to the categories proposed by the stratification of complexity methods currently available. The outcome hospital mortality was calculated for each category from the three models. Statistical analysis was performed to verify whether the categories presented different mortalities. The discriminatory ability of the models was determined by calculating the area under the ROC curve and a comparison between the curves of the three models was performed.

Results

360 patients were allocated according to the three methods. There was a statistically significant difference between the mortality categories: RACHS-1 (1) - 1.3%, (2) - 11.4%, (3)-27.3%, (4) - 50 %, (P<0.001); Aristotle basic score (1) - 1.1%, (2) - 12.2%, (3) - 34%, (4) - 64.7%, (P<0.001); and STS-EACTS mortality score (1) - 5.5 %, (2) - 13.6%, (3) - 18.7%, (4) - 35.8%, (P<0.001). The three models had similar accuracy by calculating the area under the ROC curve: RACHS-1- 0.738; STS-EACTS-0.739; Aristotle- 0.766.

Conclusion

The three models of stratification of complexity currently available in the literature are useful with different mortalities between the proposed categories with similar discriminatory capacity for hospital mortality.     

Intrarenal Surgery vs Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Management of Lower Pole Stones Greater than 2 cm

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of RIRS and PNL in lower pole stones ≥2 cm. Materials and and Methods: A total of 109 patients who underwent PNL or RIRS for solitary lower pole stone between April 2009 and December 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. Lower pole stone was diagnosed with CT scan. Stone size was assessed as the longest axis of the stone. All patients were informed about the advantages, disadvantages and probable complications of both PNL and RIRS before the selection of the procedure. Patients decided the surgery type by themselves without being under any influences and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to the patients’ preference of surgery type. Group 1 consisted of 77 patients who underwent PNL and Group 2 consisted of 32 patients treated with RIRS. Stone free statuses, postoperative complications, operative time and hospitalization time were compared in both groups.

Results

There was no statistical significance between the two groups in mean age, stone size, stone laterality, mean follow-up periods and mean operative times. In PNL group, stone-free rate was 96.1% at first session and 100% after the additional procedure. In Group 2, stone-free rate was 90.6% at the first procedure and 100% after the additional procedure. The final stone-free rates and operative times were similar in both groups.

Conclusions

RIRS should be an effective treatment alternative to PNL in lower pole stones larger than 2 cm, especially in selected patients.