冬凌草甲素对肿瘤细胞钠泵活性的影响

以（８６）Ｒｂ示踪法,观察３种肿瘤细胞的钠系转运活性及冬凌草甲素（Ｏｒｉｄ．）对其的影响。结果表明：（Ｏｒｉｄ．）腹腔注射及体外作用均能显著抑制艾氏腹水瘤细胞的钠系转运功能;体外作用１２小时,半数抑制浓度约为５μｇ／ｍｌ,在此浓度下,药物作用１小时的抑制率为２２％。同时测定人癌细胞系７９０１,Ｈｅｐ－２的钠泵活性高于人胚肺纤维母细胞系ＳＬ,且对Ｏｒｉｄ．较敏感。本文结果提示Ｏｒｉｄ．抗癌机理可能与钠泵活性抑制有关,从生物膜转运角度进一步证明Ｏｒｉｄ．的抗肿瘤作用。     

Recurrent breast cancer at 21 years after resection detected by serum tumor markers and manifested as dermatomyositis

A 52-year-old Japanese woman developed dermatomyositis. She had undergone a standard radical mastectomy for left breast cancer 21 years earlier. Though no physical sign of recurrent breast cancer appeared clinically, levels of tumor markers were abnormally elevated. Therefore, tamoxifen and CAF therapy were given. Further, the clinical course of dermatomyositis almost paralleled the level of serum tumor markers and the clinical course of her recurrent breast cancer. These markers were useful for detecting the recurrence, following the metastatic disease, and monitoring her response to therapy.     

Primary and preventive care in a university obstetrics and gynecology group practice

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether primary and preventive care is practiced by a university obstetrician-gynecologist group practice.Study design: A retrospective chart review spanning 2 years of four academic physicians' private practices was performed. A total of 335 patients were reviewed with 739 patient encounters and 1032 patient problems identified. The definition of a primary care physician according to The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was used to standardize data collection and evaluation.Results: Obstetric complaints accounted for 27.7% of all visits, whereas 65.4% were for gynecologic problems. Almost 7% of all complaints were neither obstetric nor gynecologic, and of those 74.6% were primary care problems completely managed by the obstetrician-gynecologist. Only 19.7% of these were referred for management. More than 89% of all encounters () involved some element of primary care.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the majority of health care provided by the obstetrician-gynecologists is primary care.     

Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} up-regulates Bcl-2 expression and decreases calcium-dependent apoptosis in human B cell lines

Group I and Epstein–Barr virus-negative Burkitt's lymphomacell lines and the B104 lymphoma cell line which expresses aphenotype of immature B cells undergo apoptosis after cross-linkingof their surface Ig receptors or after exposure to a calciumionophore. We show here that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- protectsthese B cell lines against Ca²⁺-dependent apoptosis. Protectionwas associated with up-regulatlon of bcl-2 mRNA and proteinexpression. The increase of Bcl-2 expression induced by TNF-was inhibited by chelerythrine, a specific inhibitor of proteinkinase C (PKC), suggesting that Bcl-2 expression was dependenton PKC activation. Furthermore, we show that phorbol estersand cyclosporin A (CsA), which prevent Ca²⁺-dependent apoptosis,up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. The effect of CsA on Bcl-2 expressionis controlled by calcineurin since we have shown that FK506but not rapamycin had the same effect on Bcl-2 expression, whereasokadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1, 2A and 2C, wasineffective. These data provide direct evidence that TNF- preventsCa²⁺-dependent apoptosis by a Bcl-2-dependent mechanism mediatedby PKC.     

Clinical application of18F-FUdR in glioma patients — PET study of nucleic acid metabolism

Summary Positron emission tomography was used to investigate the metabolism of nucleic acids by¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (¹⁸F-FUdR) in 22 patients with gliomas. Sixteen cases of high grade glioma clearly demonstrated a region of high activity with a differential absorption rate (DAR) of 0.64 ± 0.34. Six cases of low grade glioma failed to reveal a positive image of the tumor and the DAR in tumor was 0.21 ± 0.042 (p < 0.01). This PET-¹⁸F-FUdR study succeeded in differentiating high and low grade gliomas from the view point of nucleic acid metabolism.     

The inhibitory modulation of guinea-pig intestinal peristalsis caused by capsaicin involves calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide

The effect of capsaicin-induced stimulation of afferent neurons on peristalsis and the possible neural mediators involved in this action were examined in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The intraluminal pressure threshold for eliciting peristaltic waves was used to quantify facilitation (decrease in threshold) or inhibition (increase in threshold) of peristalsis. Capsaicin (0.1–1 M) caused an initial short-lasting stimulation of peristalsis followed by a prolonged inhibition of peristaltic activity. Capsaicin (1 M) was ineffective when the gut segments had been pretreated with 3.3 M capsaicin, which is indicative of an afferent neuron-dependent action of the drug. In contrast, the abolition of peristalsis caused by a high concentration of capsaicin (33 M) was fully reversible on removal and reproducible on readministration of capsaicin, a feature characteristic of a nonspecific depression of smooth muscle excitability. Baseline peristalsis and the excitatory/inhibitory effect of capsaicin (1 M) on peristalsis remained unaltered by a combination of the tachykinin NK₁ receptor antagonist ( + )-(2S, 3S)-3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenyl piperidine (CP-99,994; 0.3 M) and the tachykinin NK₂ receptor antagonist L(-)-N-methyl-N[4-acetylamino-4-phenyl-piperidino-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl]-benzamide (SR-48,968; 0.1 M). Further experiments, performed in the presence of a low concentration of atropine (10 nM) showed that the catcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist human -catcitonin gene-related peptide (8–37) [hCGRP (8–37); 10 M] attenuated the delayed inhibitory effect of capsaicin on peristalsis, but did not influence baseline peristaltic activity and the capsaicin-induced facilitation of peristalsis. Blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by N ^G-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME, 300 M) facilitated baseline peristaltic activity and reduced the delayed inhibition of peristalsis caused by capsaicin (1 M) without affecting the initial peristalsis-stimulating action of capsaicin. The effects of l-NAME were prevented by l-arginine (1 mM). The data of the current study indicate that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons do not participate in the neural pathways subserving peristalsis in the guinea-pig small intestine, but modulate peristaltic activity upon stimulation with capsaicin. The initial stimulant action of capsaicin on peristalsis is independent of tachykinins acting via NK₁ or NK₂ receptors, while the delayed capsaicin-induced depression of peristalsis involves CGRP and NO.     

永州市7167名小学生口腔卫生与龋病调查

目的摸清永州市小学生口腔卫生龋齿状况。方法采用整群抽样方法调查了永州市城区８所小学７１６７名学生。结果学生的口腔卫生较差与极差占９０．３１％,乳牙和恒牙龋患率分别为６９．３３％和４８．６８％,与１９８９年比分别上升４２．２６％、１９．１９％和５０６．２３％;乳牙龋齿好发牙为第Ⅴ、Ⅳ、恒牙龋齿好发牙为第６、７;下颌牙龋齿患病占７２．４％,上颌牙龋齿占２７．６％。结论该市口腔卫生差,龋患率呈上升趋势,提示今后应加强防治工作     

合肥市1993—1997年城区居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

本文对合肥市１９９３—１９９７年城区居民恶性肿癌死亡进行了分析,结果显示恶性肿瘤死亡率居该市死因第一位,死亡居前的是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌,５０—６９岁年龄段人群恶性肿瘤死亡率成倍增长,７０—８０岁年龄段癌症死亡率最高,分析表明老年人是暴露恶性肿癌危险因素高危人群,是癌症防治的重点人群。     

生物电子阻抗测定用于评估腹部肿瘤病人手术前后的营养状况

目的：评估生物电子阻抗测定对腹部肿瘤病人手术前,后营养状况分析的有效性。方法;选择２４例腹部肿瘤病人,用ＢＩＡ分别测得术前和术后第５天的电阻和感应电阻,通过计算机ＲＪＬ系统计算出身体细胞质量,脂肪和身体总水含量值,并与白蛋白和体重的变化相比较。结果;术后５天时,ＢＣＭ的下降具有显著性差异,这与白蛋白,ＦＡＴ,ＴＢＷ和体重的下降是一致的。     

P^16基因蛋白在子宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法对58例子宫颈鳞状上皮细胞癌及5例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变标本的P^16基因表达进行研究,取8例正常子宫颈组织作对照,结果显示：P16基因的阳性表达率在宫颈鳞癌,宫颈上此内瘤样病谱及正常宫颈组织中分别为43．1％,40％,12．5％,肿瘤病理分级越低,临床分期越晚,阳性表达率越低,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,提示：P16基因的异常表达在子宫颈鳞癌的发生,发展过程中起重要作用。