原发性中枢神经系统血管炎的高分辨率MRI表现

目的探讨HR-MRI对原发性中枢神经系统血管炎(PACNS)的诊断价值。方法分析24例PACNS患者的临床和MRI资料,分析HR-MRI影像学表现。结果在HR-MRI上24例PACNS患者中,存在43个病变,可见管壁环周增厚36个、管壁偏心性增厚7个。管壁内壁均光滑。外壁模糊38个、外壁清晰5个。33个病变可见管壁向心性增强,7个病变管壁偏心性增强,无强化3个。病变累及血管壁的长度中位长度为5.4 mm(范围3.0~7.8 mm),病变部位血管壁厚度的中位厚度为0.69 mm(范围0.52~0.85 mm)。结论高分辨率磁共振成像能够清晰显示受累血管的管壁环周增厚、内壁光滑和外壁模糊、血管壁向心性强化,对PACNS的鉴别诊断有很大的作用。     

心血管MR T1mapping/iECV定量分析在主动脉瓣关闭不全评价中的价值

目的探讨心脏MR(CMR)定量技术纵向弛豫时间定量成像/心肌细胞外容积分数指数(T₁ mapping/iECV)对主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)患者的临床价值,并探索其与传统心功能参数的相关性。方法回顾性收集2012年5月至2016年2月在中国医学科学院阜外医院经影像及临床资料确诊为慢性AI患者36例。所有患者均接受CMR常规扫描序列、初始及增强后T₁ mapping检查,CMR图像经后处理分析,计算主动脉瓣反流分数、钆对比剂延迟强化(LGE)质量分数、心肌细胞外容积分数(ECV)和iECV。基于CMR反流分数结果,将AI患者分为轻度组(9例)、中度组(14例)和重度组(13例)。3组AI患者初始及增强后T₁值、ECV及iECV等计量资料比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD检验;心血管相关病史、纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级及LGE阳性率等计数资料比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;左心室常规功能参数LVEF与iECV的相关关系采用Spearman相关分析。结果3组AI患者年龄、性别、心血管相关病史差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。3组不同反流程度AI患者比较:(1)3组患者LGE阳性率总体差异有统计学意义(P=0.023),随着主动脉瓣反流分级程度增高,替代性纤维化发生率增加。(2)3组患者初始T₁值、增强后T₁值及ECV总体差异均无统计学意义(H值分别为1.815、0.929、2.496,P均>0.05)。3组iECV总体差异有统计学意义(H=16.725,P<0.001),重度组iECV值明显高于其他2组(P<0.05)。iECV与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.649,P<0.001)。结论无创性CMR定量参数技术T₁ mapping/iECV能识别不同反流程度AI患者发生弥漫性心肌纤维化的程度,并与传统心功能参数LVEF有较高的相关性,具有反映左心室功能失代偿前可逆阶段的潜力。     

心脏死亡者供肝移植术后受体早期肝功能恢复不良的影响因素分析

 目的 探讨“中国二类”(DCD)和“中国三类”(DBCD)心脏死亡器官捐献(统称为DCD)的供体和受体因素对肝移植术后早期肝功能恢复不良的影响。方法 回顾性分析2013-09至2017-01在解放军总医院第三医学中心实施的211例DCD肝移植的临床资料,主要包括供体和受体的性别、年龄、原发病、血型、体质量指数(BMI)、既往病史、ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、热缺血时间、冷缺血时间、术中出血量、MELD评分、术后早期肝功能及预后等指标。采用χ²检验及多因素Cox回归方法分析影响肝移植术后早期肝功能恢复及预后不良的风险因素。结果 受体术中出血量(P=0.046)、受体BMI(P=0.035)、受体MELD评分(P=0.000)、供体年龄(P=0.047)、供体性别(P=0.028)、供体血K⁺水平(P=0.001)、拔管到心脏停跳时间(P=0.001)、供体ICU住院天数(P=0.022)均与受体术后早期肝功能恢复不良有关。多因素分析显示:术中出血量(P=0.001,HR=12.512,95%CI: 2.679～58.434)、受体MELD分级(P=0.021,HR=3.991,95%CI:1.237～12.876)是独立风险因子。结论 控制术中出血量及选择MELD<25的受体将有助于改善DCD受者肝移植术后早期肝功能恢复不良及预后。     

Texture Analysis of Three-Dimensional MRI Images May Differentiate Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors

ObjectiveTo explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based whole tumor texture analysis in differentiating borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOTs) from FIGO stage I/II malignant epithelial ovarian tumors (MEOTs).Materials and MethodsA total of 88 patients with histopathologically confirmed ovarian epithelial tumors after surgical resection, including 30 BEOT and 58 MEOT patients, were divided into a training group (n = 62) and a test group (n = 26). The clinical and conventional MRI features were retrospectively reviewed. The texture features of tumors, based on T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, were extracted using MaZda software and the three top weighted texture features were selected by using the Random Forest algorithm. A non-texture logistic regression model in the training group was built to include those clinical and conventional MRI variables with p value < 0.10. Subsequently, a combined model integrating non-texture information and texture features was built for the training group. The model, evaluated using patients in the training group, was then applied to patients in the test group. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance of the models.ResultsThe combined model showed superior performance in categorizing BEOTs and MEOTs (sensitivity, 92.5%; specificity, 86.4%; accuracy, 90.3%; area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.962) than the non-texture model (sensitivity, 78.3%; specificity, 84.6%; accuracy, 82.3%; AUC, 0.818). The AUCs were statistically different (p value = 0.038). In the test group, the AUCs, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.840, 73.3%, 90.1%, and 80.8% when the non-texture model was used and 0.896, 75.0%, 94.0%, and 88.5% when the combined model was used.ConclusionMRI-based texture features combined with clinical and conventional MRI features may assist in differentitating between BEOT and FIGO stage I/II MEOT patients.     

RNF43 is a tumour suppressor gene mutated in mucinous tumours of the ovary

Mucinous carcinomas represent a distinct morphological subtype which can arise from several organ sites, including the ovary, and their genetic characteristics are largely under‐described. Exome sequencing of 12 primary mucinous ovarian tumours identified RNF43 as the most frequently somatically mutated novel gene, secondary to KRAS and mutated at a frequency equal to that of TP53 and BRAF. Further screening of RNF43 in a larger cohort of ovarian tumours identified additional mutations, with a total frequency of 2/22 (9%) in mucinous ovarian borderline tumours and 6/29 (21%) in mucinous ovarian carcinomas. Seven mutations were predicted to truncate the protein and one missense mutation was predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Six tumours had allelic imbalance at the RNF43 locus, with loss of the wild‐type allele. The mutation spectrum strongly suggests that RNF43 is an important tumour suppressor gene in mucinous ovarian tumours, similar to its reported role in mucinous pancreatic precancerous cysts. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clinical Significance of Serum CA-125 in Korean Females with Ascites

Purpose

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is endemic in Korea. Because tuberculous peritonitis is characterized by ascites, abdominal pain, abdominal mass and elevation of serum CA-125, it can be confused with ovarian malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of serum CA-125 level in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and ovarian malignancy in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-endemic area.

Materials and Methods

The medical records of patients diagnosed with tuberculous peritonitis (n=48) or epithelial ovarian malignancy (n=370) at Samsung Medical Center from January 2000 to October 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Median serum CA-125 level in the epithelial ovarian cancer group was significantly higher than that in the tuberculous peritonitis group (p≤0.01). Only one patient (2.1%) in the tuberculous peritonitis group had a serum CA-125 level over 2000 U/mL. However, 109 patients (29.5%) in the epithelial ovarian cancer group had a serum CA-125 level over 2000 U/mL. At the CA-125 ranges of 400 to 599 and 600 to 799, the proportions of those with tuberculous peritonitis were 24% and 21.9%, respectively. At a serum CA-125 level over 1000 U/mL, however, the proportion of tuberculous peritonitis was much lower (2.1%).

Conclusion

Tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the evaluation of female patients with ascites and high serum CA-125.     

Early stage epithelial ovarian cancers: A study of morphologic prognostic factors

We intended to reevaluate the morphologic prognostic factors for early-stage ovarian carcinomas. We reviewed 111 patients diagnosed with early-stage ovarian cancer who had undergone primary surgery at Hacettepe Hospital between 1984 and 2001, using diagnostic criteria from the WHO-2003 classification. We applied the Universal grading system suggested by Shimizu/Silverberg and noted FIGO-stage, histotype, tumor size, bilaterality, and endometriosis. These features were compared with each other and survival. The survival analysis was carried out by Kaplan–Meier curves. Of the cases, 52 were reclassified as ‘borderline tumor’ or ‘cystadenoma with borderline foci’ and 59 as ‘invasive carcinoma’. FIGO-stage and mitotic count were significant for survivals of 59 patients with cancer. Mitotic index was also significant for the probability of metastasis. The patients with stage-II cancer had 5.65 times more risk of recurrence than stage-I cancer. The 5-year overall and disease-free survivals rates were 90.6% and 87.5% for stage-I, 54.7% and 39.3% for stage-II, respectively. Universal grade did not reach statistical significance for survivals but it was related to FIGO-stage significantly. In conclusion, FIGO-stage is the most reliable prognosticator. Although prognostic value of universal grade is not significant, mitotic count may provide important prognostic information for early-stage ovarian carcinomas.     

人早孕绒毛细胞滋养层细胞培养方法的改良

目的 探索一种简便高纯度的早孕滋养细胞的体外培养方法。方法 采用完整早孕绒毛通过胰蛋白酶联合胶原酶消化法分离,Percoll梯度分离法提纯体外培养,应用光镜HE染色和免疫细胞化学法检测细胞纯度。 结果 CK-7表达阳性细胞数可以达到90%以上。结论 完整绒毛消化和Percoll纯化联合可在短期内获得高纯度、高产量的滋养细胞以供后期试验,方法更加简便。