经阴道卵巢良性肿瘤切除术的临床研究

目的研究经阴道行卵巢良性肿瘤切除术的临床效果和安全性。方法经过筛选68例要求保留子宫的卵巢良性肿瘤患者为研究对象,对患者实施经阴道穹隆切开,继而行卵巢肿瘤切除术,对所有患者手术时间、出血量、手术并发症、住院时间、手术效果等进行记录并行回顾性分析。结果所有患者均成功实施手术,平均手术时间(39±11)min,平均出血量(60±10)ml,切除肿瘤大小4～12cm,无一例膀胱及直肠损伤发生。结论经阴道行卵巢良性肿瘤切除术创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、无腹部刀口疤痕、医疗费用低,相比较传统开腹手术和腹腔镜手术有独特的优势,是一种切实可行和值得推广的新术式。     

非典型输卵管妊娠的临床与超声

输卵管妊娠是一种常见的妇科急腹症 ,对妇女造成极大的危害 ,诊断不及时甚至可危及生命。近 2 0年来全世界异位妊娠的发病率均有显著增加 ,发生率增长了 2～ 3倍。我国部分地区统计异位妊娠与正常妊娠之比为 1∶ 4 3～ 1∶ 5 0 [1～ 5] ,其原因如下 :(1)诊断方法先进 ,手段增多 ,检出率提高 ;(2 )盆腔炎症未彻底治疗 ;(3)性病的蔓延流行等高危因素。为了提高对异位妊娠的诊断水平 ,特别是非典型输卵管妊娠 ,有必要再复习一下异位妊娠的成因、病理、临床及超声声像图的各种表现。1　病　因病因是多方面的 ,如生殖细胞精子畸形、核型分类异常、染色体异常、卵发育停滞、受精卵发育不良、着床部位异常。盆腔炎造成输卵管周围粘连影响输卵管蠕动 ,伞端粘连影响捕捉孕卵功能 ,使输卵管半阻塞、狭窄乃至阻塞 ,纤毛粘连成瘢痕。性传播性疾病 ,特别是沙眼衣原体与异位妊娠的关系 ,Martin,Chow等人研究结果表明异位妊娠患者与沙眼衣原体感染有关 [6 ,7] 。输卵管本身的因素 ,如手术、炎症 ,造成肌层增生、狭窄等。宫内避孕器可降低输卵管妊娠 95 % ,研究表明带避孕器者好发于输卵管伞端。人工流产可增加宫...     

Effect of cirrhosis and renal failure on the kinetics of clotiazepam

Summary The kinetics of a single 5-mg oral dose of the thienodiazepine clotiazepam was evaluated in a series of patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis, and in patients with renal insufficiency requiring maintenance hemodialysis, compared to healthy matched controls. Clotiazepam volume of distribution (V_z) was significantly smaller in cirrhotic patients than in controls (1.83 vs 2.57 l/kg), and total clearance was likewise reduced (2.15 vs 3.15 ml/min/kg). Elimination half-life was similar between groups (10.0 vs. 10.2h). There were no significant differences between renal failure and control patients in clotiazepam V_z, oral clearance, or elimination half-life. Thus cirrhosis is associated with reduced clearance of clotiazepam, probably due to impairment of its microsomal oxidation. However clotiazepam disposition is not significantly altered in dialysis-dependent renal insufficiency patients.Supported in part by Grant OC 10/6–4 from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Grant MH-34223 from the United States Public Health Service.     

慢性肾功能不全患者行冠状动脉搭桥术围术期处理

目的：探讨慢性肾功能不全患行冠状动脉搭桥术的安全性。方法：回顾性分析1996年6月至2001年6月收治的15例慢性肾功能不全患行冠状动脉搭桥术的临床资料，并复习献。结果：9例患术后早期肾功能指标较术前差；6例患术后早期肾功能技术前无明显变化。围术期腹透4例，血透2例，其中1例行术中血透，肾功能指标均有所改善。全组无术中死亡，1例枚后第三天死于多器官功能衰竭。结论：术前肾功能不全的患，经过积极的术中及围术期处理，大多可以安全渡过肾功能衰竭关，接受冠状动脉搭桥术，达到改善症状延长生命的目的。     

山东省中小学生麻疹爆发原因的病例对照研究

为探讨山东省中小学生麻疹爆发的原因 ,采用 1∶2配比的病例对照方法对中小学生麻疹疫苗 (MV)效力进行了研究 ,同时对近年来中小学生MV接种率进行了估算。结果显示 :中小学生MV效力为 74 % ,95 %可信区间为4 7%～ 88% ;小学生MV效力明显高于中学生 ,分别为 82 %和 6 8% ;1999～ 2 0 0 1年学龄儿童的估算接种率分别为75 4 %、75 6 %和 5 5 7%。较低的MV效力和接种率是计划免疫工作薄弱地区中小学生麻疹爆发的主要原因。     

Benign giant cell tumor of bone with osteosarcomatous transformation (”dedifferentiated” primary malignant GCT): report of two cases

 It is not uncommon for sarcomatous transformation of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone to occur after radiation, but rarely does malignant transformation occur spontaneously, with less than 15 cases reported up to 1995. Only four of these cases have been documented in detail. We report two additional cases of GCT of bone spontaneously transforming or ”dedifferentiating” into osteosarcoma without radiation therapy. The first case is absolutely unique and most interesting in that the dedifferentiation process occurred in one of multiple GCT lung metastases 6 years after successful eradication of a primary tibial tumor. The right lung was resected due to development of a large tumor, and at pathologic examination, demonstrated several small nodules of conventional GCT and a much larger, 14-cm mass composed of a mixture of GCT and high-grade osteosarcoma. The second case involved a physician, who had a large tumor in the sacrum with vague symptoms for 8 years. Open biopsy revealed conventional, benign GCT of bone with a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Complete curettage 2 weeks later revealed, in addition to areas of conventional, benign GCT a second component of very high grade osteosarcoma. Both patients died less than 1.5 years from diagnosis. This report of osteosarcomatous transformation of a conventional GCT of bone strengthens the theory that there is a mesenchymal cell line in GCT that may spontaneously tansform to sarcoma.     

Extramedullary plasmocytoma of the bronchial system

Summary. We present a case of primary plasmocytoma of the left upper bronchus. Occlusion led to atelectasis of the left upper lobe and subsequent poststenotic pneumonia. Therapy consisted of local excision of the bronchus and postoperative radiotherapy. This type of lung-conserving therapy in a case of primary plasmocytoma has not been described before.      

66例成人原发肾病综合征临床治疗与病理分析

本对６６例原发肾病综合征患进行病理类型与临床疗效分析。最常见病理类型为系膜增殖性肾炎，占４２．５％，其次为膜性肾病，占３２．５％，ＩｇＡ肾病占１５．０％。微小病变型及系膜增殖性肾炎对激素及免疫抑制剂治疗效果好，膜性肾病治疗效果差。不同病理类型患病理损害程度与疗效相关。伴肾小管间质病变治疗效果差（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＮＳⅠ型疗效明显优于ＮＳⅡ型（Ｐ〈０．０５）。５０岁以下原发肾病综合征（ＰＮＳ）     

原发全身性癫痫遗传流行病学研究

本文报道１００例原发全身性癫痫家系的遗传流行病学研究结果。先证者一级亲属患病率为６．８６％，二级亲属为１．０３％；分别是对照组一级亲属的１３．８３倍和２．０８倍。原发全身性癫痫的遗传度为：一级亲属０．７５２１±０．０６７８，二级亲属０．３５９２±０．０７４６；加权平均０．５７４３±０．０５０２。说明遗传因素起重要作用。发病年龄影响因素分析表明：原发全身性癫痫有一定年龄依从性。ＥＥＧ家系分析显示，该型癫痫一级亲属癫痫样放电明显高于对照组一级亲属，提示癫痫样放电的遗传倾向。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清游离脂肪酸浓度测定及相关因素分析

目的:观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清游离脂肪酸(FFAs)水平变化及相关因素分析.方法:PCOS患者(39例)分为肥胖组(11例)和非肥胖组(28例),对照组为年龄匹配的健康妇女(21例).测定血清FFAs、游离睾酮、雄烯二酮、睾酮、性激素结合球蛋白、TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(PPG)、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性(M值,两步法高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术评价).结果:血清FFAs水平在肥胖PCOS组和非肥胖PCOS组之间无明显差别,但均高于对照组(P＜0.05).对所有研究对象的血清FFAs进行相关分析表明FFAs分别与游离睾酮(r=0.464,P=0.001),睾酮(r=0.368,P=0.01),雄烯二酮(r=0.418,P=0.003)和PPG(r=0.334,P=0.014)呈正相关,与M值(r=-0.392,P=0.003)呈负相关.进一步做回归分析表明,FFAs与游离睾酮显著相关(β=0.219,P＜0.05).结论:与年龄相当的健康妇女比较,PCOS妇女血清FFAs水平显著增高,并且FFAs升高与游离睾酮水平升高有关.