Exploring the anticancer activities of novel bioactive compounds derived from endophytic fungi: mechanisms of action,current challenges and future perspectives

Cancer is the second leading cause of death all around the world. The natural compounds derived from the endophytic flora of fungi are possible solutions to cancer treatment because they are safe for health, cost-effective, biocompatible and have fewer toxicity issues. The active ingredients in endophytic fungi that are responsible for anti-cancer activities are alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponin, peptides, steroids, phenols, quinones, and flavonoids. This review highlights the anti-cancer activities of entophytic fungus against human papillary thyroid carcinoma (IHH4), human pancreatic (PANC-1), ovarian (OVCAR-3), hepatic (HepG2), lung (A-549), human lymphoma (U937), human skin carcinoma (A431), breast (MCF-7), and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The emerging evidence suggested that bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic fungi showed their anti-cancer activities by revealing the disturbance of the microtubule network caused by increased levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins that triggers cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase, by inhibiting the DNA replication via binding with topoisomerase II, by regulating the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and NF-kB, by evaluating the levels of p21, p27, and cyclins B/D1/E that led to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This review will assist readers in better comprehending bioactive chemicals and the beneficial interaction between the fungal endophytes and medicinal plants.     

应用锁骨钩钢板治疗Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位

目的探讨锁骨钩钢板治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法我们对2003年2月～2007年1月间52例TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的患者均采用锁骨钩钢板复位内固定治疗。所有患者均未进行喙锁韧带缝合修复,但缝合损伤的肩锁关节囊及韧带和三角肌、斜方肌附丽。6～9个月后取出内固定。按Lazzcano法评定肩关节功能。结果52例患者得到随访,随访9～12个月,平均10个月。肩关节功能,取内固定前:优40例,良10例,差2例,优良率96%;取内固定后:优45例,良7例,差0例,优良率100%。肩关节功能取内固定前为良或差的病例在取出内固定后均有不同程度的改善。无切口感染、内固定松脱或断裂及再脱位等并发症。结论锁骨钩钢板是治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的最好治疗方法,具有操作简单,手术时间短,创伤小,可保证百分百复位,固定可靠,符合肩锁关节的生物力学要求,术后可早期功能锻炼,功能恢复好等特点。     

高嵌体与纤维桩核冠对邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙修复后抗折力影响的实验研究

目的 比较IPSe.max CAD高嵌体和纤维桩核冠对邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙修复后对抗折力的影响。方法 收集2021年9月至2023年7月在郑州大学第一附属医院因正畸而拔除的60颗上颌第一前磨牙,随机将其分为A、B、C 3组(n=20),A组、B组样本牙进行完善的根管治疗后,制备邻牙合面缺损洞型,分别采用不同的修复方法。A组行IPSe.max CAD高嵌体修复;B组行纤维桩核冠修复;C组为对照组,样本牙不作处理。记录各组折断力值、折断模式,并进行比较。结果 A组、B组和C组折裂载荷值分别为(781.25±61.23)N、(712.51±54.36)N和(420.28±41.28)N,3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=262.154,P<0.001),A组的折裂荷载值最高;3组折裂模式均以可修复折裂为主,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙采用IPSe.max CAD高嵌体修复后具有较好的临床效果,抗折力较高,且折裂模式主要为可修复性折裂。     

颞下颌关节软骨下骨改建

颞下颌关节改建机制是正畸功能矫形和颞下颌关节紊乱病研究的主要内容。随着研究的深入,软骨下骨作为一个生物力学和生理学特性均有别于关节软骨和骨松质的基本功能单位,其在压力传递和关节改建中的重要性逐步凸现出来。本文就软骨下骨的解剖、功能、特性、病变类型以及与颞下颌关节改建的关系作一综述。     

慢性胃炎的中西医结合治疗

目的 慢性胃炎的中西药应对策略性研究.方法 采取随机分为治疗组50例、对照组45例,分别用不同的给药方法 观察其治疗效果.结果 治疗组总有效率为88%,对照组总有效率为59.9%.两组经统计学处理有显著性差异(P＞0.01).结论 改变给药方法 ,采取中西药结合治疗慢性胃炎症状改善较单纯西药更明显,疗效更巩固.     

肠易激综合征的中医外治法概述

本文对近年来应用中医外治法治疗肠易激综合征的临床治疗文献进行了综述和分析.     

芳香疗法用于妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐的效果研究

目的 探讨芳香疗法缓解妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者恶心呕吐的效果.方法 选取2019年1月至2019年8月间中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的行手术治疗的202例妇科恶性肿瘤患者,按病房号奇偶数随机分为试验组(102例)和对照组(100例).对照组患者采用常规护理,试验组患者在常规护理基础上采用嗅柠檬香氛作为芳香疗法进行干预,比较两...     

Immunotherapy as a treatment modality for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: A systematic review

Introduction:Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 1.4% of all melanomas and only 0.03% of all new cancer diagnoses. Traditionally, it has been associated with a poor prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate of <25%. Progress in treatment has been hindered by its rarity and lack of evidence. However, studies on the treatment of subcutaneous melanoma with immunotherapy have demonstrated significant improvement in survival rates and have become a core part of oncological strategies. This paper discusses the revision of the evidence for the use of immunotherapy in the head and neck.Methods:This systematic review was conducted on January 19, 2019. The Medline and Embase databases were searched. In total, 509 articles were collated and screened. Inclusion criteria for the study included treatment-naive cohorts, cohorts with recurrent disease, primary outcomes with overall survival and disease-free survival at 5 years and at the longest follow-up, and studies of adults with MM in whom immunotherapy was reported as a treatment strategy. The exclusion criteria included duplicate papers, anatomical sites other than the head and neck, case reports, and those not published in English.Results:Fifty-two papers out of the 509 collated papers met the inclusion criteria. The results are shown as a comparison of yearly survival rates following different treatment modalities (immunotherapy vs nonimmunotherapy) at 2, 3, and 5 years. It was found that, with immunotherapy, survival rates at all intervals were higher than those without immunotherapy.Discussion:Immunotherapy outcomes in small studies have shown good data for increasing survival rates at yearly intervals in MM of the head and neck. Larger clinical trials are needed to accurately distinguish the efficacy and survival outcomes of immunotherapy when compared with treatment modalities, excluding immunotherapy. However, the ability to perform larger trials is limited by the rarity of MM of the head and neck.     

Analysis of postoperative radiotherapy for non-metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma based on SEER data

ObjectiveThe postoperative role of adjuvant radiotherapy in non-metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains controversial. We analyzed adjuvant radiotherapy’s effect on surgical patient survival.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ACC from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients after adjuvant radiotherapy were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox methods. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust confounders between patients with or without adjuvant radiotherapy; a forest plot was generated by subgroup analysis.ResultsThe study included 742 patients. In the PSM cohort, adjuvant radiotherapy did not improve OS or DSS. Radiotherapy was not a protective factor for OS or DSS in the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. In the subgroup analysis, postoperative radiotherapy improved the OS of female and N1-stage patients and those with oropharyngeal tumors or over 79 years and the DSS of N1-stage patients.ConclusionsPostoperative radiotherapy showed different benefits in ACC patients, and postoperative radiotherapy recommendations should be individualized. Female and N1-stage ACC patients and those with oropharyngeal tumors or patients over 79 years without distant metastases postoperatively could benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.     

危重症评分量表对急诊病人转入ICU及死亡的预测能力研究

目的:探讨危重症评分量表对急诊病人转入重症监护室(ICU)及死亡的预测能力。方法:采用方便抽样法选取2019年1月—2019年12月在我院急诊科就诊的250例病人作为研究对象,最终纳入228例病人,按转入科室分为ICU组(68例)及普通病房组(160例)。应用改良早期预警评分(MEWS)量表和急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评估病人病情,记录病人ICU转入率及死亡率,并应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析MEWS量表、APACHEⅡ量表在急诊病人ICU转入率及死亡率中的预测价值。结果:与普通病房组相比,ICU组MEWS评分、APACHEⅡ评分更高(P<0.001)。死亡组MEWS评分、APACHEⅡ评分高于非死亡组(P<0.001)。经ROC曲线分析可知,MEWS评分、APACHEⅡ评分诊断急诊病人转入ICU的最佳截断值分别为4分和20分,两者联合诊断急诊病人转入ICU的敏感度及特异度明显高于MEWS评分、APACHEⅡ评分单项诊断。MEWS评分、APACHEⅡ评分诊断急诊病人死亡最佳截断值分别为6分和25分,两者联合诊断急诊病人死亡的敏感度及特异度高于...