The role of initial cineesophagography in caustic esophageal injury

The accurate assessment of caustic ingestion requires a vigorous attempt to obtain as much information concerning the type, concentration, and amount of corrosive agent ingested as possible. Although early endoscopy is crucial for assessing the existence of esophageal burns, an accurate prediction of outcome, (for example, stricture) may not be possible from endoscopic study alone. The role of contrast cineesophagography has not been properly emphasized in the surgical literature. Our analysis of the relative accuracy of endoscopy and cineesophagography in esophageal burn evaluation has emphasized that cineesophagography helps in early identification of those patients who will develop strictures. In our experience, cineesophagographically visualized abnormalities, specifically disordered motility, when interpreted within the context of historical facts and physical findings, most accurately prognosticates the outcome of caustic esophageal injuries.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of the mitral valve

In its developing years and during the esthetically unappealing polaroid era, echocardiography was employed, in parallel, with invasive studies. Its worth was being scrutinized; it had to be tested and verified. Although the technology continues to advance, with real-time imaging still to be refined, single-element M-mode echo, displayed as a strip chart recorder, should be allowed to stand on its own and to replace invasive studies in most patients with valve disease. More can be learned about valve function, and as much about ventricular function, from the echo than from catheterization and angiography.     

Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Analysis of failures

Cryosurgery is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) in the young woman desirous of retaining her reproductive capacity. This report analyzes 87 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated with cryosurgery on one municipal hospital service. Twenty-seven patients (31.0%) were lost to follow-up. Of the 60 patients on whom follow-up from 6 months to 3 years is available, 28 (46.6%) are documented treatment failures. The causes of failure are analyzed and comparisons from the current literature are made.     

Rate of metabolism of norethisterone in women from different populations.

The rate of metabolism of orally administered norethisterone was compared in fourteen centres by measuring plasma levels of the steroid by radioimmunoassay at varying times after oral administration of a 1 mg dose. The inter-centre differences were of the same order as the intra-centre differences. Variations in metabolism appeared not to be due to variations in body size.     

Burns and Corynebacterium diphtheriae

The wounds of 50 burn cases were studied for the possibility of infection by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In contrast to the study of Ayyagari et al. (1979), the present study did not reveal any case of diphtherial infection in burn wounds.     

Hepatic tissue perfusion studies during distal splenorenal shunt

Hepatic tissue perfusion was measured by the krypton-85 clearance technique during surgery in four patients with bleeding esophageal varices before and immediately after Warren distal splenorenal shunt. No significant reduction in perfusion was found in any patient, thus confirming the concept that this type of portasystemic shunt maintains portal flow to the liver.     

中外合作办学对我国研究生创新教育的启示

我国的医学研究生教育管理工作正处于学科结构调整、优化师资队伍结构、提高人才培养质量、提升培养人才创新能力的关键时期。探索研究生教育规律,尝试开展有效的国际合作办学模式,学习和借鉴国外知名院校优秀的教学模式是促进我国研究生创新教育的有效途径。对中德合作办学学员就创新思维方面的影响展开调查,同时对11位德方教师进行了个人访谈,结果显示:德方教师、中方学员的中外合作办学模式对研究生创新思维有着积极的激发作用,研究生的创新思维能得到了较好的锻炼,其创新意识、创新智力、创新知识及创新技能等方面均有所提升。     

右美托咪定对老年患者围术期神经认知功能障碍的影响

围术期神经认知功能障碍是老年患者术后常见的并发症,不仅增加患者住院时间、还会增加经济负担.它的发生可能与无菌手术或麻醉介导的炎症反应、血脑屏障受损、中枢神经系统炎症反应、胶质细胞激活、氧化应激及中枢神经系统相关通路激活和神经递质的释放等因素有关.右美托咪定是一种高选择性α2-肾上腺受体激动剂,自美国食品药品监督管理局批...     

导师层面的临床医学硕士研究生临床技能培养现状研究

目的 从导师角度了解临床医学硕士研究生临床技能培养现状.方法 向某省临床医学硕士生导师发放调查问卷,并统计分析.结果 研究生临床实际工作时间短于导师认可度,临床操作机会不足,技能掌握熟练程度一般,出科考核落实不严格,主治医师是带教的中坚力量.结论 调整培养类型,改革教学方法,拓展导师队伍,加强专业素养培育,推广“四证合一”人才培养模式,对保证并全面提高研究生临床技能培养质量具有重要作用.     

中医药院校研究生“联合培养”模式的协同学思考

＂联合培养＂是一种全新的研究生培养模式。本文基于协同学的基本原理,认为中医药研究生＂培养基地＂是一个协同系统。高等中医药院校在研究生培养过程中,应积极开展多途径的联合培养,如实行校内跨学科、跨院系联合,与国内外知名院校、科研院所、医药企业、医疗机构联合,从校外聘请专家担任研究生指导组成员等,并及时化解联合培养过程中的矛盾,以实现联合培养所产生协同效应的最大化,为提高中医药研究生培养质量奠定良好基础。